Adjectives/ Adverbs/ Comparisons

Many common adjectives (pretty, sad, etc.) do not have particular endings. There
are some
common endings, however, for adjectives formed from nouns and verbs.
These are:
-able comfortable -ent dependent -ical historical -al accidental -esque picturesque
-ious victorious -ant reluctant -ful careful -ish childish -ar circular -ian Italian -ist
racist -ary imaginary -ible horrible -ive attractive -ate passionate -ic historic -less
careless
• There are also compound adjectives which are formed with:
1 present participles. a time-consuming task, a never-ending story
2 past participles. worn-out shoes, a broken-down car
3. cardinal numbers + nouns. a two-day seminar (NOT: a Am days SeFRiRar), a
three-week holiday
4 well, badly, ill, poorly + past participle. a well-paid job, a poorly-built house, an
ill-chosen remark

Прикметники, які підходять до опису груп людей в загальному, з артиклем

+the, стають іменниками: the elderly, the middle aged, the old, the young, the
blind, the dead, the deaf, the disabled, the living, the sick, the homeless, the
hungry, the poor, the rich, the strong, the unemployed, the weak, etc.
The rich pay a lot of income tax. (rich people in general - all of them) The rich
people of our town had a
banquet last weekend. (a specific group of rich people - not all of them)

The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, content, glad, ill,
ПІСЛЯ НИХ ніколи не вживається іменники

Прислівникам характерне закінчення –ly

Деяки форми прикметників і прислівників співпадають
Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives. These include: best, better, big,
cheap*, clean*, clear*, close*, cold, daily, dead, dear*, deep, direct, dirty, early, easy,
extra, far, fast, fine*, free, further, hard, high, hourly, inside, kindly, last, late, long,
loud*, low, monthly, past, quick*, quiet*, right, slow*, straight, sure, thin*, thick,
tight, weekly, well , wide, wrong, yearly etc.
Ann was our last guest. She came in last.

Прислівники, які мають дві форми і різняться в значенні

deep = a long way down
deeply = greatly
direct = by the shortest route
directly = immediately
easy = gently and slowly
easily = without difficulty
free = without cost
freely = willingly
full = exactly; very
fully = completely
hard = intently; with effort
hardly = scarcely
high = at / to a high level
highly = very much
last = after all others
lastly = finally
late = not early
lately = recently
near = close
nearly = almost
pretty = fairly
prettily = in a pretty way
short = suddenly; off target
shortly = soon
sure = certainly
surely = without doubt
wide = fully; off target
widely = to a large extent
wrong = incorrectly
wrongly = unjustly

Ступені порівняння прикметників

1. односкладовий прикметник + er than /+ the … est cold- colder- the coldest

2. двоскладовий прикметник із закінченням y, ly, w + er than /+ the … est
busy- busier-the busiest
3. два, або більше складів + more/ the most popular- more popular- the most
popular
Прикметники, які можуть ступені утворювати як і за допомогою
закінчень, так і more/ the most : clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow,
pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet. simple - simpler simplest ALSO simple
- more simple - the most simple
a) further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance) His office is further/farther away than
mine.
further (adj) = more For further information contact Mr Smith
b) very + positive degree It's very hot in here.
c) even/much/far/a bit + comparative degree He behaves even worse than before.
Jenny is much
more patient with children than Julie
d) most + adj/adv of positive degree = very She was most obliging.
e) any + comparative (used in negatives and questions) This essay wasn't any better
than the
previous one.

Типи порівнянь
1.as ... (positive degree) ... as His hands were as cold as ice.
not so/as ... (positive degree) ... as
not such a(n)/so ... as
2. twice/three times, etc./half as ... (positive) Their house is twice as big as ours.
3. the same as
4. look, sound, smell, taste + like She looks like an angel.
5. less ... (positive degree) ... than / the least ... (positive degree) ... of/in The green
sofa is less expensive than the black one, but the blue one is the least expensive of all.
6. the + comparative ... , the + comparative The sooner you start, the sooner you'll
finish
7. comparative + and + comparative Life is getting harder and harder
8. prefer + ·ing form or noun + to + -ingform or noun (general preference) I prefer
watching TV to going out.
I prefer lemonade to cola