Reading and Writing Skills

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Reading and Writing Skills

Quarter 4 - Module 3
Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines and for Professions
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Reading and Writing - Senior High School
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Alternative Delivery Mode 2020
Quarter 4- Module 3: Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines and for Professions First
Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis- Briones
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:
Development Team of the Module
Author’s Name: ANADESI L. BUHISAN

Reviewers: JOSEPHINE D. LADERES & SHEILLA B.
DIANGO
Illustrator: VINCENT R. CAILING
Layout Artist: MYCO B. MACAMIMO
Management Team: ROSELYN E. LAZALITA
Printed in the Philippines by: __________________________________________________

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Office Address: ___________________________________________
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Purposeful Writing in the
Disciplines and for Professions
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@deped.gov.ph.
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Title Page
Table of Contents
Module Overview
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Competency 8
What’s New Lesson 8 Purposeful Writing in the Discipline
What I Need to Know
What I Know
What’s New Lesson 8.1 Book Review or Article Critique
What Is It? Activity 1
What I Have Learned?
What’s New Lesson 8.2 Literature Review
What’s New Lesson 8.3 Research Report
What’s New Lesson 8.4 Project Proposal
What’s New Lesson 8.5 Position Paper
What I Have Learned
Assessment
Key to Answers
References
Competency 9
What’s New Lesson 9 Purposeful Writing for Professions
What I Need to Know
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What I Know
What’s New Lesson 9.1 Résumé
What I Have Learned
What’s New Lesson 9.2 Application for Employment
What I Have Learned
What’s New Lesson 9.3 Application for College Admission
What I Have Learned
What’s New Lesson 9.4 Office Correspondence
What I Have Learned
Assessment
Key to Answers
References
Writer’s Profile
Back Outside Cover
OVERVIEW
Good day! I see that you have finished the first two modules in this
subject. Have a break and give yourself a treat, because you’re doing great. This
time, it’s time to go on board on a new journey.
This module is all about Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines and for
Professions. This module will teach in composing academic writing and
Professional correspondence. This module will enhance your writing skills.
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There are two parts of this module, one for every competency outlined by the
Department of Education for you to master:

 Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing texts that
are useful across disciplines; and
 Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing
professional correspondence.

With that being said, we wish you all the best and take this opportunity to
learn more and BE MORE.
Author

Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines
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Learning Competency 8: Identify the unique features and requirements in composing texts
that are useful across disciplines
EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12
a Book Review or Article Critique EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.1
b Literature Review EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.2
c Research Report EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.3
d Project Proposal EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.4
e Position Paper EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.5
Semester: 2nd Semester
Quarter: 4th Quarter
Number of Hours: 12 H ours
Lesson
8 Disciplines
What’s New
This part of the module discusses about the unique features of composing
academic writing. It helps you to learn the foundational concepts and to gain familiarity
with the different writing disciplines. Each writing discipline is followed by writing
activities to practice and engage your critical thinking, reading and writing.
What I Need to Know

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing text
that are useful across disciplines
a) Book Review or Article Critique
b) Literature Review
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c) Research Report
d) Project Proposal
e) Position Paper
To achieve the objectives of this module, do the following:

 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercises.
What I Know
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer by writing the letter of
your choice on the space before each number.
_________ 1. It is an evaluation report of previous studies related to the subject matter of an

academic paper.
A. Book Review C. Article Review
B. Literature Review D. Movie Review
_________ 2. It is a problem-solution text that aims to persuade its reader to grant funding on the
project.
A. Project Proposal C. Project Material
B. Project Cost D. Project Budget
_________ 3. It is a critical assessment, analysis, or evaluation of a work

_________ 4. It is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and analysis of a phenomenon

based on experiments and previous information
A. Book Report C. Scientific Report
B. Research Report D. Survey Report
_________ 5. It contains a summary and synthesis of all available sources.

_________ 6. The main purpose of this writing is to persuade book readers of a particular genre or
researchers in a specific field.
A. Article Review C. Book Review
_________ 7. It expresses a writer’s position on an issue and the reasons for the writer’s stand.
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A. Review Pape C. Position Paper
B. Book Paper D. Term Paper
_________ 8. It has a purpose to persuade or make the readers believe that the writer’s opinion is
probable or should be considered by a decision- making group.
A. Position Paper C. Book Paper
B. Review Paper D. Term Paper
_________ 9. It is a laborious work produced through formal investigation and scientific inquiry.
_________ 10. It is highly persuasive and informative document that aims to address a particular
problem or issue.
A. A. Project Proposal C. Project Material
B. B. Project Cost D. Project Budget
_________ 11. This is a form of criticism in which a book is analyzed based on content, style and
merit.
A. Book Review C. Literature Review
B. Position Paper D. Research Report
_________ 12. This is an essay that presents an opinion about an issue, typically that of the
author or another specific entity, such as political party.
A. Book Review C. Research Report
B. Position Paper D. Project Proposal
_________ 13. This is a detailed description of a series of activities aimed at solving a certain
problem.
_________ 14. This is a written document or oral presentation based on a written document that
communicates the purpose, scope, objectives, hypotheses, methodology,
findings, limitations and recommendations
________ 15. This is the objective analysis of a literary or scientific article that emphasizes on
whether or not the author supported his main points with reasonable and applicable arguments based
on facts.
A. Book Review C. Literature Review B. Article Critique D. Research Report
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Lesson Disciplines: Writing a Book Review
8.1 or Article Critique
What’s New
What is a Book Review or Article Critique?
A book review or article critique is
a specialized form of academic
writing in which a reviewer evaluates
the contribution to knowledge of
scholarly works such as academic
books and journal article. A book
review or article critique, which is
usually ranges from 250 to 750
words, is not simply a summary. It is
a critical assessment, analysis, or
evaluation of a work. However, take
care not to equate the word “critique” cynicism and pessimism. As an advance form of
writing, it involves your skills in
critical thinking and recognizing arguments. A book review or article critique is different
in movie review that you see in a newspaper. Although movie review involves the
analysis of one’s work, it is written for a general audience and primarily aims to offer a
persuasive opinion. An academic book review or article critique, on the other hand,
addresses a more specific audience and usually offers a critical response to a published
scholarly work. Moreover, book review must not be mistaken for book reports. Book
reports focus on describing the plot, characters, or idea of a certain work.
Book and article reviewers do not just share mere opinion; rather, they use both
proofs and logical reasoning to substantiate their opinions. They process ideas and
theories, revisit and extend ideas in a specific field of study, and present analytical
responses.
Structure of a Book Review or Article Critique
Introduction (around 5% of the paper)

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• Title of the book/article
• Writer’s name
• Writer’s thesis statement
Summary (around 10% of the paper)

• Writer’s objective or purpose
• Methods used (if applicable)
• Major findings or claims
Review/Critique (in no particular order) (Around 75% of the paper)

• Appropriateness of methodology to support the arguments
• Theoretical soundness
• Soundness of explanation in relation to other available information and experts
• Sufficiency of explanation
• Other perspectives in explaining the concepts and ideas
• Coherence of ideas
Conclusion (around 10% of the paper)

 Overall impression of the work
 Scholarly value of the reviewed article/book
 Benefits to the intended audience
 Suggestion for future directions
When writing a book review or article

critique, make sure to ask the following:
1. What is the topic of the book or

article?
2. What is its purpose?
3. Who are its intended readers?
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4. Does the writer explicitly state his/her thesis statement?
5.What theoretical assumptions (i.e., a scientific/logical explanation without
evidence) are mentioned in the book or article?
Are they explicitly discuss?
6. What are the contributions of the book or article to the field (e.g., language,
psychology) it is situated in?
7. What problems and issues are discussed in the book or article?
8. What kind of information (e.g., observation, survey, statistics, and historical
accounts) are presented in the book or article? How they are used to support the
arguments or thesis?
9. Are there other ways of supporting the arguments or thesis aside from the
information used in the book or article? Is the author silent about these alternative
ways of explanation?
10. What is your overall reaction to the work?
Guidelines in Writing a Book Review or Article Critique
1. Read the article or book to be reviewed carefully to get its main concept.
2. Reread it to get the arguments being presented.
3. Relate the content of the article or book to what you already know about the
topic. This will make you more engaged with the article or book.
4. Focus on discussing how the book treats the topic and not a topic itself. Start
your sentences with phrases such as “this book presents…’ and “The author
argues…”
5. Situate your review. This means that your analysis should be anchored on the
theories presented by the book or article writer.
6. Examine whether the findings are adequately supported or not.
7. Analyzed the type of analysis the writer use (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, case
study) and how its supports the arguments and claims.
8. Suggest some ways on how the writer can improve his/her reasoning or
explanation.
9. Discuss how the same topic is explained from other perspective. Compare the
writer’s explanation of the topic to another expert from the same field of study.
10. Point out other conclusion or interpretations that the writer missed out. Present
other ideas that need to be examined.
11. Examine the connections between ideas and how they affect the conclusions and
findings.
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12. Show your reactions to the writer’s idea and present an explanation. You can
either agree or disagree with the ideas, as long as you can sufficiently support
your stand.
13. Suggest some alternative methods and processes of reasoning that would result in
a more conclusive interpretation.
Completing a book review or article critique means that you can pinpoint the
strengths and weaknesses of an article or book and that you can identify different
perspectives. This task also equips you with more skills to engage in discussions with
an expert and makes you a part of a community of scholars.
What is it?
Activity 1: Write T if the statement is true and F if false.
_______ 1. A review or a critique involves higher-order thinking skills.

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_______ 2. A book description is similar to a book review.
_______ 3. A book review or article critique uses the organization of ideas.
_______ 4. A book review or article critique presents the strengths and weaknesses
of a reading material.
_______ 5. A book review is exclusive for professionals.
_______ 6. More than half of the review should be devoted to the summary.
_______ 7. The name of the author and title of the reviewed article is placed at the
end of article critique.
_______ 8. The purpose of an article critique is to inform and persuade readers.
_______ 9. The reviewer’s overall impression of the work should be placed in the
introduction.
_______10. When reviewing a book or article, only one perspective should be used.
What is it?
Activity 2: Analyze the following text very carefully. Then, complete the table that
follows.
This paper purports to assess the linguistic complexity of students’ narratives and
reading texts. However, the authors never stated the purpose behind the study. The authors
provide no motivations and goals for the study, no research questions, no strong
methodological practices, and very few findings that can be easily interpreted. While
reading the study, every new sentence is surprise. There are no details and the entire paper
is completely under referenced.
Below I will discuss some of the major problems with the paper. First, the
authors never provide a rationale for their study. They never give a reason as to why they
are studying reading and writing together and they fail to link the two skills. The authors
assume that the reader knows the narrative and made no attempt to assist them in
developing the narrative of the paper. Another major problem with the paper is the naiveté
that is apparent in the literature review, the methods, and the analysis. The literature
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review is perhaps two pages long and boost up on their knowledge of L2 writing and
reading theory before they submit a paper to a professional journal.
It is interesting that the language background of the participants is never made

explicit (participants are at the mid beginners to high beginners level in using English is a
second language). The extent to which any results found in the study would be widely
generalizable to what is typically conceived as an EFL/ESL learner is not clear. Moreover,
the author continually draw on literature meant for an L1 acquisition audience and
therefore of dubious extension to L2 contexts.
The methods section contains no details at all. Ten participants per grade level, in a
stratified random sample, hardly seemed enough to get much stable data. Since, there are
only ten participants per grade level on both accredited and no accredited schools due to
logistical constraints; the paper is more on exploratory study. In other words, it seems a
stretch to ask most journal readers to generalize from such a limited sample from such a
specific population. The authors state that “pupils were not given limits as to time and
number of words, for them to be relaxed in their narrative production” (p.5). However,
later the authors explain that those written data also form the basis of the corpus used for
analysis. How does this differential production affect the results of the analysis? Surely, a
participant who produces 1,000 words will have different results from one who produce
500. It is not clear how the authors can assert any sort of pattern from linguistic ‘snapshot’
from just 10 students per school, producing such heterogeneous data samples. Again, from
such a modest sample size.
In general, the paper is hard to read. This likely goes back to the lack of research
problems. There are few transitions and, organizationally, the paper does not set up any
expectations for the reader. The first paragraph is a great example because it contains a
single sentence and at least five different clauses. The final paragraph in the introduction
(right before the methods sections) is another example. I have read that paragraph four
times and am not sure how to process it.
There are major problems with this paper, but I do not have a time or the energy to
discuss them all. The authors really need to rethink the purpose of the collected data and
educate themselves in the field of L2 reading and writing. I would highly suggest that the
authors reread issues of the journal of Second Language Writing and Reading in a Foreign
Language.
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Type of Document
Purpose of the Review
Writer’s
Persona
Intended Reader
Strenghts
Weakness
What is it?
Activity 3: Write a book review by following the writing process outlined below. You
may assume the persona of a university professor writing a review for a particular
book or article in your chosen field.
A. Read the book or article to be reviewed. Complete the following details.

Article/ Book Title:
___________________________________________________________________
Article/Book Author:
___________________________________________________________________
Topic:
___________________________________________________________________
B. Complete the given information to come up with a writing situation for your
book review or article critique.
General purpose:
___________________________________________________________________
Specific Purpose:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Target Output:
___________________________________________________________________
Audience:
___________________________________________________________________
Writer’s Persona:
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___________________________________________________________________
Tone/Formality:
___________________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned

In writing a review/critique you must:
1. Provide a summary of the contents of the piece of writing under review;
2. Provide a general evaluation of the text;
3. Discuss each point you want to make about the text; and
4. Conclude by telling the readers if the text is worth reading or not. In addition
you must polish your writing by considering the properties of a well written
text.
Great job! You are done with Lesson 1, have a break! You deserve one. Then
let’s take off to Lesson 2! So, read on!
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Lesson Purposeful Writing in the
Disciplines: Writing a Literature
8.2 Review
What’s New
What is Literature Review?
A literature review is a type of academic writing that provides an overview of a
specific topic. It surveys scholarly work such as academic books (but not textbooks),
computerize databases, conference proceedings, dissertation’s/theses, empirical studies
government reports, historical records, journal article, monographs, and statistical
handbooks.
As an advance form of academic writing, a literature review critically analyzes the

relationship among the scholarly works and the current work. It can be written as a stand-
alone paper or as part of a research paper explaining a theoretical framework and related
studies. Unlike an annotated bibliography which presents a summary and synthesis (i.e.,
linking different sources).
Below are the differences among the sources.

ANNOTATED LITERATUTURE
BOOK REVIEW
BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW
Summarizes the references Evaluates a book Review Reviews a significant

and explain how important number of scholarly work
they are in addressing the to be identify what is
research questions known and not known
about a topic
Doing a literature review will test your ability to seek literature efficiently and identify
useful scholarly work. It will also test your ability to evaluate studies for their validity and
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reliability. Hence, writing a literature review involves research, critical appraisal, and writing.
Everything else included, a student may take 40 hours to finish a well- written literature review.
Functions of a Literature Review
This type of a review has the following roles.

• Justifies a research questions, method or theoretical and conceptual framework
• Establishes the relevant of the topic
• Provides necessary information to better understand a specific topic or study
• Shows reviewers familiarity and mastery of the topic
• Establishes a niche of the study
• Resolves conflict among contradictory studies
•
Structure of a Literature Review
Introduction
• Purpose for writing literature review and the importance of the topic being
reviewed
• Scope the review
• Criteria used for selecting the literature
• Organizational pattern of the review
Body
• Historical background
• Relevant theories
• Relationship between and among the studies, and how each study advanced a
theory
• Strengths and weaknesses of each paper
• Various viewpoints on the topic Conclusion
• Restatement of the main argument or thesis
• Main agreements and disagreements in the literature
• If stand-alone paper: conclusions; implications; and direction for future studies
• If part of a thesis or research paper: linking of the literature review to the research
questions
• Overall perspective on the topic.
Guidelines in Writing a Literature Review

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Writing a literature review is composed of three distinct parts ---literature search,
evaluation and analysis of articles and writing the literature review –all of which are
discussed below.
Literature Search
1. Review the documentation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) that you will adopt
and be familiar with its format in relation to writing a literature review.
2. Choose and focus on a topic that you will explain.
3. Determine the kind and number of sources you will be using. Will your literature
review be exclusive to articles or will it include other documents? Will you focus
on experimental studies or will you also include theoretical papers that explain a
theory?
4. Survey the available online databases relevant to your topic. These include
Proquest, Science Direct, JSTOR, or Google Scholar. As much as possible,
include only the references published by top journals and publishers.
5. Use relevant keywords when searching for scholarly documents or article. For
example, if your topic is about the impact of Facebook-based e-portfolios on the
writing skills of ESL learners, your possible keywords are Facebook, ESL
writing, e-portfolio, portfolio assessment, Facebook-based e-portfolio, and social
networking site.
6. Always include landmark studies or papers (i.e., studies which had remarkably
changed the field) related to your topic.
7. Always evaluate the sources for coverage and currency. Include only those article
directly related to your topic.
Evaluation and Analysis of Articles
Once you have identified and obtained the articles for your review, analyze them
before writing the actual literature review. To do this, you may apply the following steps.
1. Skim the articles and read their abstracts.

2. Group the articles and other documents according to their categories.
3. Take down notes. Focus on the research questions, methodology used, major
findings and their explanation, and conclusion.
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4. Summarize the details using a concept map. In this way, you will see the
relationship, similarities and differences among the articles.
5. Write a synthesis of the references you have read before writing the actual
literature review.
6. Create an outline. You may look for other literature reviews to serve as models
for writing the outline.
Writing the Literature Review
Once all the materials are ready and you have clear outline of the ideas you want
to express, you may now start the actual writing process.
1. State clearly your thesis or main argument and be guided by it accordingly.
Below is an example of a thesis statement for a literature review.
Because of Facebook’s popularity, many educators have explored its

educational use in the tertiary level.
2. If you say that no studies have been conducted on one aspect of your topic,
justify it.
3. Direct the readers to other related literature reviews that cover items which you
do not intend to cover. You may use the citation format “(see Author, year)” or
follow the format prescribed by your chosen documentation style.
4. Never treat a literature review as a series of annotated bibliography.
5. Use headings and subheadings to classify the parts of your topic. For each topic
heading, analyze the differences among studies and look for gaps. Note that each
paragraph should focus on one aspect of the topic.
6. Use effective transitions to make your review easier to read and understand.
7. The body of the literature review can be organized thematically,
methodologically or chronologically.
8. Use direct quotations sparingly.
9. Classify important definitions.
What is it?
_______1. A literature review requires skills in summarizing but not in

Synthesizing information.
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_______2. A literature review is an example of academic writing.
_______3. A literature review is limited only to articles.
_______4. A literature review requires skills in selecting sources.
_______5. A literature review shows a research gap.
_______6. Direct quotation should be used as frequently as possible.
_______7. Writing a literature review involves higher-order thinking skills.
_______8. The main purpose of making a literature review is to analyze literary
texts such as short stories and novels.
_______9. The quality of review is dependent on the quality of the reviewed
articles.
_______10. The scope of the review should be indicated in the introduction.
What is it?
Activity 5: Read and analyze the following literature review very carefully. Then,
complete the table that follows.
Kram (1985) has proposed that mentoring relationships develop and mature over
time, providing different levels of mentoring functions as they progress through a
sequence of four distinct phases: initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition.
During the initiation phase, the mentor and the protégé begin initial interactions that
involve learning the other’s personal style and work habits. He described the first six to 12
months of a relationship as characterized by musings that protégés and mentors providing
coaching, challenging work and visibility, the mentor embodies as fantasized role model
with whom the protégé begins to identify and develops positive expectations about career
development. If the relationship matures past the initiation phase, it then progresses to the
cultivation phase, in which career development, role modeling and psychosocial
mentoring functions are proposed to be at their highest. Kram (1985) further proposed that
the emotional bond between the mentor and protégé deepens and intimacy increases
during this phase. This phase may last from two to five years as the protégé learns from
the mentor and the mentor promotes and protects the protégé. Protégés gain knowledge
from the mentor, and the mentor gains loyalty and support of the protégé and feelings that
his or her values, ideas and work habits may be passed on to the protégé during the
cultivation phase. The third phase, separation, involves a structural and psychological
disconnection between the mentor and the protégé when functions provided by the mentor
decrease, and the protégé becomes independent. In the redefinition phase, the mentor and
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protégé frequently develop a relationship that is more peer-like, characterized by mutual
support and informal contact. While career and psychosocial functions are less evident,
sponsorship from a distance, occasional counseling and coaching and ongoing friendship
continue. Hay (1995) believes that mentoring process is underpinned by the following
principles: recognizing that people are okay, realizing that people can change and want to
grow, understanding how people learn, recognizing individual differences, empowering
through personal and professional development, developing competence, encouraging
collaboration not competition, encouraging scholarship and a sense of inquiry, searching
for new ideas, theories and knowledge and reflecting on past experiences as key to
understanding.
According to Mackimm, et al (2003) mentoring relationship is a special
relationship where two people make real connection. It is a protected relationship in which
learning and experimentation occur through analysis, examination, reexamination and
reflection on practice, situations, problems, mistakes and successes (of both the mentors
and the mentees) to identify learning opportunities and gaps. According to Yang (2006),
mentoring relationships range from loosely defined, informal collegial associations in
which a mentee learns by observation and example to structured formal agreements
between expert and novice co-mentors where each develops professionally through the
two-way transfer of experience and perspective. Whether the relationship is formal or
informal, the goal of mentoring is to provide career advice as well as both professional
and personal enrichment. It is important that the mentor and the mentee have a clear grasp
of the mentoring process for maximum benefits of this special relationship. For mentoring
to be effective, the mentee together with the mentor needs to reflect on the experiences in
school and attempts to understand the experience through analysis and conceptualization.
The individual makes choices based on analyzing the implications. She/he identifies
options, decides on what to do next and undergoes another experience.
Mentoring relationship is classified as formal or informal, and short term or long
term (Goodyear, 2006). Formal mentoring is usually mandatory and institutionalized by
the school or agency. The meetings are determined, monitored and evaluated based on
clearly articulated goals and milestones. Informal mentoring relationship is more
spontaneous and springs from the mentee’s intrinsic desire to become better. The choice
of the mentor is based on trust and confidence. Another type of mentoring is the duration
of the relationship which can be short term and long term. A short term mentoring usually
addresses a set of specific needs. Long term mentoring is based on the broad based goals
incorporated in the professional development career of the institution or agency. Whether
the mentoring relationship is formal or informal, short term or long term, literature proves
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that mentoring has improved the teacher’s personal artistry and professional skill in the
workplace.
Source: (taken from the research article of Dayagbil, et al.)
Research Topic:
List down the authorities

cited in the literature What is the implied idea?
review
What is it?
Activity 6: Read and summarize five journal articles about the topic below. Don’t
forget to indicate your sources.
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Research Topic:
Journal Article #1
Journal Article # 2
Journal Article #3
Journal Article # 4
Journal Article # 5
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Rubric in Summarizing Journal
3 points 2 points 1 point
Good Fair Poor
The article is clearly The article is The article

but succinctly clearly summarized, summary is unclear
summarized - only but some sub points or overly detailed,
the key points of the are addressed along so long as to appear
Summary
article are touched with main points. more like a short,
upon. The article The summary is not unclear article than
summary takes up succinct, is too long a summary.
no more than one and cumbersome
third of the total
assignment.
Good Fair Poor
Summary is well Paper is organized, Paper is not well

organized, and has an intro, body organized, has an
clearly stated. The and conclusion. The unclear or
points of the article purpose of the nonexistent intro,
Article Choice are clear from the paper becomes clear body and
very beginning and within the paper conclusion. The
the name and author and the name and purpose of the paper
of the article is author of the article is unclear and the
made clear early in is mentioned within name and author of
the paper. the paper. the article is not
stated or stated late.
Organization Good Fair Poor
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clearly stated. The and conclusion. The unclear or
points of the article purpose of the nonexistent intro,
are clear from the paper becomes clear body and
very beginning and within the paper conclusion. The
the name and author and the name and purpose of the paper
of the article is author of the article is unclear and the
made clear early in is mentioned within name and author of
the paper. the paper. the article is not
stated or stated late.
Good Fair Poor
APA and page APA and page

length (1) APA and page length (2-3 pages)
Mechanics
requirements are length (1) requirements are
Requirements
met and there are no requirements are not met. There are
grammatical errors met and there are 1- 5+ grammatical
or typos. 4 grammatical errors or typos.
errors or typos.
What I Have Learned

A literature review is a synthesis of whatever professionals or researchers in the
field are saying about a particular topic in the area. It can be written separately from a
research paper. It must be updated, and it must supply new interpretations of the issue or
subject matter based on the information presented.
Great job! You are done with Lesson 2, have a break! You deserve one.
Then let’s take off to Lesson 3! So, read on!
27
Lesson Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines: Writing
a Research Report
8.3
What’s New
What is a Research Report?
A research report is an expanded paper that presents

interpretations and analyses of a phenomenon based on
experiments and previous information so that the readers
can better understand it. It is a laborious work produced
through formal investigation and scientific inquiry.
Parts of a Research Report
1. Title Page – contains an informative title that

describes the content of the paper, the name of
author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of
submission. Examples of an informative title
are the following:
a. Effects of Facebook on the Academic Achievement of first Year Students
b. Development and Validation of a Software for Detecting Plagiarism
2. Abstract – contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions. It

briefly presents the context of the study, research questions or objectives,
methodology, major findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications. An
abstract does not contain any citation or a great deal of statistical results. Its
length ranges from 100 to 250 words.
3. Introduction – explains the current state of the field and identifies research gaps.
It is also the part where the research focus is presented by addressing the
28
identified gaps in the topic. It puts the research topic in context. It is usually three
to five paragraphs long.
4. Literature Review – contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources
directly related to the study. In a research report, the literature review is divided
into two sections: related concepts and related studies.
Related concepts present some of the fundamental concepts needed by the

readers to better understand the study. Concepts and theories are defined,
explained, and described. Unlike related concepts, related studies are based on
previously conducted studies directly related to the paper. Both the related
concepts and studies will help the writer explain the phenomena that may arise in
the study.
This section ends with a paragraph that synthesizes all of the studies presented
and puts the study in context. Hence, the last paragraph may include the topic
and specific research problems. The length may range from two to three pages.
Note that some cases, the literature review is integrated in the introduction
section.
5. Methodology – describes how the experiments or tests in the research were

conducted. It presents the context within which the study was conducted, the
participants, the instruments used, data gathering procedure, and the data
analysis. In discussing the context of the study and the participants, the number
and the demographic profiles of the participants are explained as well as the place
where the study was conducted.
The discussion of the instrument used presents the tools in gathering

data. These tools may be in the form of a questionnaire, interview, focus group
discussion, survey, and tests, among others. All of the instruments used should be
described in detail, along with the explanation of how they were validated. The
data gathering sections presents the details on how the data were collected while
the data analysis section presents how the data were analyzed, either qualitatively
(coding scheme) or quantitatively (statistical tools). The past tense is used in
writing the methodology.
29
6. Results – factually describes the data gathered and the tables and graphs that
summarize the collected data. Along with the tables and graphs are their
respective interpretations. The flow of the results section should follow the flow
of the research questions/problems/objectives. It is expected that for each
research problem or objective, corresponding results are presented.
7. Discussion – provides an explanation of all the results in relation to the previous

studies presented in the literature review.
In this section, the research problems or objectives, as well as the major
findings, are restated in the first paragraph. The succeeding paragraphs should
explain whether the study supports or rejects the previous findings and explain
the reasons for this. New findings uncovered in the research should also be
stated. Similar to the flow of the results, the discussion part follows the flow of
the research problems or objectives.
8. Conclusion – contains the restatement of the major findings, the limitations of

the study, the recommendations, and the implications. Note that in some cases,
the conclusion is integrated into the discussion.
9. References – contains the different sources used in the study. These may be
academic books, journals, and other online sources. Its format depends on the
school, teacher, or field of study.
Steps in Writing a Research Report
Writing a research report may seem like a

daunting task, but if you break down the
process into small steps, you will be able to
accomplish it effectively. The stages of writing
a research report also follow the basic writing
30
process, with the few additions to accommodate and address the
different parts of
the report.
1. Select and narrow down the topic. Use any of your preferred prewriting activities to
generate ideas.
2. Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references.
3. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions. A good thesis statement
effectively guides and controls the flow of your paper.
4. Prepare a preliminary outline.
5. Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this stage.
6. Prepare the pre final outline.
7. Prepare your instruments, such as your questionnaire. Below are some guidelines in
preparing a survey instrument.
Preparing a Survey Instrument
A survey instrument is a document that lists planned questions used to measure

attitudes, perceptions, and opinions of the respondents. It contains responses directly
related to each specific research questions. It can either be in the form of an interview
guide or a questionnaire.
A survey instrument usually has four parts:

 Personal information section for participants/respondents (this is usually
31
optional since, except for disclosing the gender and age and other general
demographic information, most participants wish to remain anonymous) 
Basic questions that establish the eligibility of the participants/respondents 
Main questions that are directly linked to the research questions.  Open-ended
questions (optional)
When preparing a survey instrument, follow these steps:
a. Do a preliminary research. You may visit your library or use
online sources for this.
b. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing survey
instruments.
c. Master the guidelines in preparing a questionnaire or interview
guide.
d. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that the items indicated in
your survey instruments are directly related to each specific
research questions/
e. Write the instrument using the appropriate format. Get model
instruments if needed.
f. Edit your instrument and match it with your research questions.
g. Revise when necessary.
Pilot your survey instrument to further improve its quality. This means that you have
to get some respondents (colleagues or a small sample of the target respondents) to try
to answer the instrument and give you feedback. Then, revise the instrument
accordingly.
1. Implement the instrument and gather the data.
2. Analyze the collected data and interpret it through tables and graphs.
3. Write the methodology and result sections.
4. Write the introduction and literature review.
5. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion
section.
6. Write the conclusion.
7. Prepare the reference list. Be sure to list all the items citied in the body of your
paper. It is useful to keep a separate word document or physical notebook where you
can list your reference as you come across them to make sure you do not leave
anything out when you have to prepare the reference list
8. Edit and format your paper. Observe the proper mechanics.
32
Guidelines in Writing a Research Report
Now that you are aware of the steps in writing a research report, follow the writing
guidelines below to ensure that your report is well-written.
1. Fifty to seventy-five percent of the paper should be devoted to results and

discussion.
2. Be sure to cite all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted.
3. As with the previous types of written works, use direct quotations sparingly;
paraphrase as much as possible.
4. Strictly follow the required documentation style.
5. Topics should be relevant, interesting, current, and manageable in terms of
resources, skills needed, and time. They should not be too sensitive and too
controversial.
6. Research questions should directly address the given topic or thesis statement
Example:
Title: Effect of Facebook on the Academic Performance of Senior High School
Students
Thesis statement: Facebook has an effect on the academic performance of senior
high school students
Research questions:
(1) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ performance during

examination?
(2) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ attention span during class
activities?
(3) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ participation in curricular
activities?
What is it?
_____1. The research report follows a format similar to that of an academic essay.
_____2. The abstract should be written prior to writing a conclusion.
_____3. An informative title is preferred when writing a research report.
_____4. The conclusion contains the details of the finding obtained from the study.
33
_____5. Gathering references can be done recursively.
_____6. It is better to have as many direct quotations as possible.
_____7. Majority of the paper content should be devoted to literature review.
_____8. Survey instruments should be aligned to research questions.
_____9. Tables and graphs for the gathered data are presented under the introduction
section.
_____10. The discussion section presents the procedure undertaken to compete the
study.
_____11. The introduction contains the purpose of the study and the current state of
the field of the study.
_____12. The literature review contains the explanation of relevant concepts and
related studies.
_____13. The methodology contains the description of participants and instruments.
_____14. Title and thesis statement are written differently.
_____15. Two different documentation styles can be used in one research report.
What is it?
Activity 8: Write a research report based on the given data below.
Topic: Source: Critical Reading and Writing, Dayagbil, 2016 p. 145
Title : School Drop Outs: Fact or Fallacy
Methodology
Research Method : Descriptive method
Respondents : Grade 6 students who stopped schooling Agan

Elementary School, a public school in the mountain
Barangay of Zamboanga.
Procedure : Visited the homes of students who dropped out
Distributed survey instruments and conducted in depth
interview
Results : Students dropped out from school due to the following

reasons: school is very far from home,
34
no money for school needs, too many assignments, does
not like the teacher
Title
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Research Report Writing Rubric
Good 3 points Fair 2 points Poor 1 point
The article is The article is The article

clearly but clearly summary is
succinctly summarized, but unclear or overly
summarized - only some sub points detailed, so long as
the key points of are addressed to appear more like
the article are along with main a short, unclear
Summary
touched upon. The points. The article than a
article summary summary is not summary.
takes up no more succinct, is too
than one third of long and
the total cumbersome
assignment.
Article Choice Article selected is Article selected Article is barely
current (<5 years), may be current related to task or is
topic is specific to (<5 years) or grossly out dated
task. Article somewhat older, (> 10 years).
published in peer topic is Article not from
reviewed scholarly Related to task, acceptable source.
journal. but less
specific.
Article
published in
peer-
35
reviewed scholarly
journal
clearly stated. The and conclusion. unclear or non-
points of the article The purpose of the existent intro, body
are clear from the paper becomes and conclusion.
very beginning and clear within the The purpose of the
Organization
the name and paper and the paper is unclear
author of the name and and the name and
article is made Author of the author of the
clear early in the article is article is not stated
paper. mentioned within or stated late.
the paper.
Mechanics APA and page APA and page APA and page
Requirements length (1) length (1) length (23 pages)
requirements are requirements are requirements are
met and there are met and there are not met. There are
no grammatical 1-4 grammatical 5+ grammatical
errors or typos. errors or typos. errors or typos.
What I Have Learned

In writing a research report, you must
1. choose a topic that is interesting and relevant to your audience;

2. use the accepted format;
3. accomplish the purpose of each part of the report;
4. acknowledge the sources of the information you used in your report; and
5. Be consistent with the citation style that you use. You must also keep in mind the
properties of a well-written text to make your writing appear more academic.
Great job! You are done with Lesson 3, have a break! You deserve one.
Then let’s take off to Lesson 4! So, read on!
36
Lesson Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines: Writing
a Project Proposal
8.4
What’s New
WRITING A PROJECT PROPOSAL
A project proposal is a highly persuasive and informative documents that aims to
address a particular problem or issue. It is a bid or offer to initiate a project for an
individual or a group. It usually ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 words depending on the
complexity of the project being proposed.
A good project proposal specifies the
following:
• Goals and objectives that the project wants to
accomplish;
• Project plan that details how the set goals and
objectives will be accomplished;
• Financial, human (e.g., experts, consultants),
and technical (e.g., equipment and facilities)
resources useful in implementing the project;
and
• Budget that specifies how much money is
needed and for what purpose it will be spent
TYPES OF PROJECT PROPOSAL
There are four types of project proposals which vary depending on the context of the
problem and the receiver and sender of proposals.
1. Solicited internal
• It is used when the target reader is within the organization.
• It responds to a specific request within the organization.
• The problem has been identified within the organization and the decision to
solve it has been made.
37
2. Unsolicited internal
• It is used when the target reader is within the organization.
• It is a self-initiated proposal that no one asked for.
• The target reader has not yet identified that a problem exists within the
organization; hence, no decision has been made to solve the problem.
3. Solicited external
• It is used when the target reader is not within the organization.
• It responds to a specific request from someone who is not within the company.
• The problem has been identified and the decision to solve it has been made.
4. Unsolicited external
• It is used when the target reader is not within the organization.
• It is self-initiated proposals that no one ask for.
• The target reader has not yet identified that a problem exists; hence, no decision
has been made to solve the problem.
Parts of a Project Proposal
1. Cover letter
• Introduces the proposals to the reader
• States the project proposal title, date the proposal was requested (if solicited),
general purpose and scope of the proposal, and acknowledgement of people
who have contributed to the completion of the proposals
• Includes the highlights of the proposal and directs the readers to this highlights
2. Title Page
• Includes the project title that is concise and informative
• Includes the lead organization, place and date of project, client’s or donor’s
name, proponent’s name and the department or organization he/she represents,
and date of submissions
3. Abstract of Executive Summary

• Includes the objectives, implementing organization, major project activities and
total project cost
38
• Usually composed of 200 to250 words and highlights only the major points;
some abstract may be longer depending on the culture of the funding agency 
Uses a paragraph format
4. Context of the Proposal
• Describes the socio-economic, cultural, and political background in which the
proposal is situated.
• Presents data collected from other sources that are relevant to the planning stage
5. Project Justification
• Provides a rationale for the project
• Includes the problem statement that specifies the problem addressed by the
project
• Points out why the problem is an issue that requires immediate attention
• Specifies the target group’s needs that arise from the adverse effect of the
described problem
• Presents the approach or strategy that will be used to address the problem
• Describes the capability of the implementing organization or group by stating its
track record
Note: When writing this section, justify why your organization or group is the
best group to implement the project.
6. Personnel Involved
• List the people involved in the project, their corresponding roles, and their
summary of qualifications
7. Project implementation
• Is divided into an activity plan which specifies the schedule of activities and a
resource plan which specifies the items needed to implement the project
• Describes the activities and resource allocation in detail, as well as the person in
charge of executing the activities
• Indicates the time and place of activities
8. Budget
• Presents the expected income and expenses over a specified time period 
Itemizes the budget
39
9. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Specifies when and how the team will monitor the progress of the project
• Specifies the method for monitoring and evaluation
• Specifies the personnel in charge of monitoring and evaluation
10. Reporting Scheme
• Specifies the schedule for reporting the finances and progress of the project
11. Conclusion
• Briefly describes the project, the problem it addresses, and its benefits to all
stakeholders through a summary
• Directs the readers back to the good features of the project
• Urges the readers to contact the proponent to work out the details of the project
proposals
12. References
• Lists all the references used in drafting the project proposal using the format
required the funding agency
Guidelines in Preparing for a Project Proposal
1. Decide what the problem is and prepare a rough idea on how this problem can be
addressed.
2. Develop or select a framework that will help you organize your ideas
systematically.
3. Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies, and
foundations, and international funding agencies.
4. Build your project proposal team and appoint a project leader who is responsible
for coordinating activities and communicating with the funding agency.
40
5. Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies and
foundations, and international funding agencies.
6. Hold and initial meeting with your team to discuss the plans in preparing the
project proposal.
7. Allot sufficient time for planning.
8. Involve all the team members by assigning specific responsibilities to them.
9. Be realistic with your project proposal. Make sure that your objectives and
activities are within the given time and resources.
10. Contact the funding agency if some items and requirements are not clear to you.
11. Always put yourself in the shoes of the receiver of the project proposal.
Guidelines in Writing a Project Proposal
1. The title page must be unnumbered but it is considered page I; the back page of
the title page is unnumbered as well; but it is considered page ii. The abstract,
which follows after the title page, is considered page 1 and must already be
numbered.
2. Do not use abbreviations on the title page.
3. Attach the curriculum vitae of the personnel who are part of them.
4. In the project implementation section, use a Gantt chart for presenting the
timeframe.
5. Write the abstract after you have completed the report.
6. Study the successful proposals that are similar to yours.
7. Be factual but use technical terms sparingly.
8. Choose a reader-friendly format
9. Use sections words to make your proposal more dynamic.
What is it?
41
_______1. A project proposal is mainly informational.

_______2. A Gantt chart is one way to present the schedule of activities.
_______3. A one-word title is more preferred to a descriptive title.
_______4. A project proposal is usually one page only.
_______5. It is ideal to include only the total budget needed.
_______6. Only one team leader should write the project proposal.
_______7. Opinions add credibility to the proposal.
_______8. The project proposal needs to address the specific problem.
_______9. The qualification of personnel is crucial to the approval of project
proposal.
_______10. There is only one format for a project proposal.
Here is a sample project proposal you can refer to:
I. Project Title:
“Bote Queen”
II. Project Proponents:

This project is headed only by the Supreme Student Government.
III. Project rationale:

In line with vision-mission of the school, this project will help Promote cleanliness
and awareness of the students about the 3Rs; Reduce, Recycle.
IV. Project objectives:

• To expose students in different environmental activities
• To raise fund and support the Supreme Student Government (SSG) projects
• To promote the awareness of the students
V. Project description:
This project will be accomplished through the help of our officers, faculty and staff,
and the support of the students. Each section will have a representative queen and they
are required to bring bottles for the first and last counting. From their bottles and other
recyclable materials, they will make a presentable costume to be showcased by their
representative and the pageant will begin.
42
VI. Project Duration:
• Each section will start collecting bottles on march 1,2019 (Friday)
• The first counting will be on March 5,2019 (Tuesday)
• The last counting will be on March 11,2019 (Tuesday)
• The pageant will begin on March 15, 2019 (Friday)
VII. Target Beneficiaries:

The five sections will start collecting bottles will receive an incentive from the
Supreme Student Government (SSG) on their Christmas Party. The collected money
will be used for the LPCA battle that is proposed to be held in October.
VIII. Propose Budget

The only expenses will be prize (trophy, sash, certificates) for the winning
sections and also the reigned Bote Queen. The budget for this is estimated at
Php 500-Php1500.
IX. Monitoring and Evaluation

This project will be overall managed by the Supreme Student Government
(SSG) and each adviser of the sections will assist their students for the
activities.
What is it?
Activity 10: Write a project proposal. Interview the people in the community including the
barangay chairman, counselors, the elderly, mothers, fathers, and the youth regarding the needs and
problems of the community. After the interview, choose one and write a full blown project proposal.
Complete the given outline to come up a project proposal.
I. Project Title: _____________________________________________
II. Project Proponents:

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
III. Project Rationale:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
43
IV. Project Objective:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
V. Project Description:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
VI. Project Duration:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
VII. Target Beneficiaries:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
VIII. Propose Budget:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
IX. Monitoring and Evaluation:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Project Proposal Writing Rubric
Excellent 4 pts. Proficient 3 pts. Basic 2 pts. Below Basic 1 pt.

Subject Matter Student shows a Student shows an Student shows some Student shows very
44
deep understanding understanding of the understanding of the little understanding
of the subject matter subject matter and it subject matter but of the subject matter
and its greater is evident in the confusion is evident and thoroughly
implications. execution of the in some aspects of misinterprets the
Proposal or plan proposal or plan. the proposal or plan. requirements for the
shows integration of class.
some advanced or
researched concepts.
The project proposed The project proposed The project proposed The project proposed
is very original, is original, creative is somewhat is not creative,
creative and and somewhat creative, original or original or
ambitious. The ambitious. The ambitious the student ambitious, the
Creativity/ student is highly is not very excited student is uninspired,
student is motivated
Ambition motivated, and the but project has a low
about the project,
project has a good not bored, project potential for success.
and the project has a
potential for success. has some
good potential for
Potential for success.
success
Shows excellent Shows good effort, Shows some Shows little or no
effort, care and care and creativity. Effort, care and effort, care or
creativity. creativity. creativity.
Proposal or plan is
Final Product Final product is finished and turned Proposal or plan is Project proposal
complete and well- in on time. Shows finished and turned Is sloppy, illegible,
presented. Shows good research, some in, but is rushed and crumpled, unfinished
excellent research, planning, vision, and is poorly presented. or incomplete.
careful planning, and good execution.
excellent execution.
Proposal or plan is Proposal or plan is Proposal or plan Proposal or plan is
clear, concise, and well organized, and makes general sense vague, disjointed,
has a logical has a sensible flow but requires some and shows no sense,
structure and flow. and structure. work to organize and structure, or flow.
structure in a logical
Structure and
Work shows deep Minor elements may and sensible manner Confusing to
Flow
consideration of the need Read, difficult to
execution of the Clarification but understand.
project after the otherwise well-made
proposal's approval and ready for
execution.
What I Have Learned

A project proposal is basically a problem-solution text that aims to persuade its
reader to grant funding on the project or the accomplishment of the solution to the
problem. It has five basic parts, namely, title page, project summary, qualification budget
justification, and project narrative. It includes visual such as Gantt charts, for timetable,
and tables for budget justification and avoids confusing terms such as jargons, acronyms,
and abbreviations specific to a field of study.
45
Lesson Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines:
Writing a Position Paper
8.5
What’s New
What is a Position Paper?
A position paper is a type of academic writing that presents one’s stand or viewpoint on a
particular issue. The main objective of writing a position paper is to take part in a larger debate by
stating your arguments and proposed course of action.
Parts of a Position Paper
1. Introduction
• Write the specific issue, together with its importance and effect to the society.
• Uses a lead that grabs the attention of readers.
• Defines the issue and provide a thorough background.
• Provides a general statement of your position through a thesis statement.
• End the introductory paragraph with a position statement or a stand on the issue.
Keep in mind that one could take only one side of the argument.
2. Body
• The part may have several paragraphs. It may begin with short background
information or a discussion of arguments on both sides of the issue. In each
paragraph, an explanation or observation to clarify the portion of the position
statement must be written and then followed by the supporting evidence.
• State your main arguments and provide sufficient evidence.
46
• The evidences that can be used are the primary source quotation, interviewswith
field experts, recommendation from scholarly articles and position papers,
historical dates or events, and statistical data.
• Provides counterarguments against possible weaknesses of your arguments.
3. Conclusion
• On the last part of writing the paper, summarize and reinforce the concepts and
facts presented without repeating the introduction and its content. It is also
optional to include the procedure used to deal with the issue and your suggested
possible solution or recommendation.
• Explains why your position is better than any other position.
• Ends with a powerful closing statement (e.g., a quotation, a challenge, or a
question).
Choosing an Issue
1. The issue should be debatable. You cannot take any position if the topic is not
debatable.
2. The issue should be current and relevant.
3. The issue should be written in a question form and answerable by yes or no.
4. The issue should be specific and manageable
Guidelines in Writing a Position Paper

1. Begin the writing process with an in-depth research about the issue at hand.
2. Be aware of the various positions about the issue and explain and analyze them
objectively.
3. Reflect on your position and identify its weaknesses.
4. Establish your credibility by citing reliable sources.
5. Present a unique way of approaching the issue.
6. Limit your position paper to two pages.
7. Analyze your target readers and align your arguments to their beliefs, needs,
interest, and motivations.
8. Summarize the other side’s counterarguments and refute them with evidence.
9. Define unfamiliar terms at first mention.
10. Use an active voice as much possible. This will make your tone dynamic and firm.
11. Arrange your evidence logically using an inductive or deductive approach.
12. Check your paper for fallacies and revise accordingly.
47
13. Use ethical, logical, and emotional appeals. Ethical appeals relate to your
credibility and competence as writer, logical appeal refers to the rational approach in
developing and argument; emotional appeals pertain to feelings evoked during
arguments. Make sure to check your appeals to ensure that they are not fallacious.
What is it?
_________ 1. A good position paper considers all possible views on the issue at
hand.
_________ 2. An issue is a crucial component of a position paper.
_________ 3. An issue is debatable if it cannot be answered by yes or no.
_________ 4. Audience analysis will help you write a more persuasive position
paper.
_________ 5. One way to establish your credibility as a writer is to boast about your
credentials.
_________ 6. Opinions are better than facts in supporting arguments.
_________ 7. Statistics can be used as evidence to support an arguments.
_________ 8. The main goal of a position paper is to inform readers.
_________ 9. The strongest type of appeal in a position paper is logical appeal.
_________ 10. Your position should be restated in the concluding paragraph.
_________ 11. The content of a position should have only one paragraph.
_________ 12. The most important thing in writing your position paper is how many
sources you have to support your argument.
_________ 13. A position paper must answer specific questions vital in presenting your
argument.
_________ 14. The purpose of a position paper is to generate more issues.
_________ 15. In the position paper you should validate your position with
authoritative references or primary source quotations.
What is it?
Activity 12: Read the sample position paper. Then answer the questions that follow.
Committee: General Assembly
Topic: Global Warming
Country: The Kingdom of Sweden
Delegates: *****************
48
Global warming’s effects and influence on the global climate
is visible all around us now. As time has passed in the past century, Arctic ice has begun
to gradually melt and sea levels have started to rise. If this situation continues, then low-
lying island nations such as Vanuatu and Maldives will sink into the sea and will simply
disappear.
Also, climate is changing in many parts of the world

because of global warming. For example, acid rain damaging soils and forests,
particularly in our country, serious droughts in Australia, and abnormal weather patterns
all over the world. These things are not naturally occurring phenomena – they were
caused by human actions. Our nation is addressing global warming on a domestic level.
For example, we are separating household waste and recycling as much as we can, and
are imposing taxes on CO2 emissions. Out carbon dioxide emissions are 0.4% of the
global total.
We are raising public awareness of the environmental

problems they will face in the future, and we hope that our people will address this issue.
But individual nations cannot succeed – the only way to secure our future is if we can get
a consensus of nations to take action to reduce these effects. Humans caused this problem
and ultimately they must address and deal with it.
We must, as global citizens, address this problem actively.
Thank you.
Reading Comprehension
1. What is the issue taken up in the position paper?
2. Do you agree with the assertions made in the article? Explain
3. Does the writer make a strong stand about the issue presented? How did he/she
convince the reader to believe in his/her claim?
What is it?
Activity 13: Write a position paper. Research evidences to support your claim on the issue
provided below.
49
Should parents limit teenager’s use of Social Media?
Issue
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
50
51
What I Have Learned
In writing a position paper, you should
1. describe the issue and your position;

2. present both sides of the issue;
3. refute counterclaims; and
4. Use some figurative language and analogies to explain a point. You should keep in
mind the properties of a well-written text to make your writing easy to read.
Great job!
You are done with Lesson 5, have a break! You deserve one.
Assessment
Instructions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer by writing the letter of
your choice on the space before each number.
_________ 1. It is an evaluation report of previous studies related to the subject matter of
an academic paper.
_________ 2. It is a problem-solution text that aims to persuade its reader to grant

funding on the project.
A. Project Proposal C. Project Material
_________ 3. It is a critical assessment, analysis, or evaluation of a work

_________ 4. It is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and analysis of a

phenomenon based on experiments and previous information
_________ 5. It contains a summary and synthesis of all available sources.

52
_________ 6. The main purpose of this writing is to persuade book readers of a
particular genre or researchers in a specific field
A. Article Review C. Book Review
_________ 7. It expresses a writer’s position on an issue and the reasons for the writer’s
stand.
A. Review Paper C. Position
Paper
B. Book Paper D. Term Paper
_________ 8. It has a purpose to persuade or make the readers believe that the writer’s
opinion is probable or should be considered by a decision- making group.
A. Position Paper C. Book Paper
B. Review Paper D. Term Paper
_________ 9. It is a laborious work produced through formal investigation and scientific

inquiry.
_________ 10. It is highly persuasive and informative document that aims to address a
particular problem or issue.
A. Project Proposal C. Project
Material
Congratulations!
You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job! It’s now time to go on the next
adventure. Good luck!
Key to Answers
PRE TEST:
1. B 6. C 11. A
2. A 7. C 12. B
3. A 8. A 13. D
4. B 9. B 14. C
5. B 10. A 15. B
53
ACTIVITY 1 (WRITING A BOOK REVIEW)
1. T 6. F
2. F 7. F
3. T 8. T
4. T 9. F
5. F 10. F
Activity 2 – Answers may vary

Activity 4 (Writing a Literature Review)
1. F 6. F
2. T 7. T
3. T 8. F
4. T 9. T
Activity 5 (Writing a Literature Review)
Research Topic: Mentoring
List down the Authorities cited in the

What is the idea implied?
literature review
Kram (1985) exposed the levels of mentoring
54
Activity 9 – Project Proposal
1. 1. T 6. F
2. 2. T 7. T
3. 3. F 8. T
4. 4. F 9. T
5. 5. T 10. F
Activity 7- (Writing a Research Report)

1. 1. T 7. F 13. F
2. 2. F 8. T 14. F
3. 3. T 9. F 15. F
4. 4. T 10. T
5. 5. T 11. T
6. 6. F 12. T
Activity 11 – Position Paper
55
1. 1. T 9. T
2. 2. T 10. T
3. 3. T 11. F
4. 4. F 12. T
5. 5. F 13. T
6. 6. F 14. F
7. 7. T 15. T
8. T
Post-Test
References
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffb8dd2b76d0002002621/curriculum#cu rriculum
http://www.uwlux.edu/uploadedFiles/Academics/Deparments/Political_Science_and_
Public_Admin/journal_article_critique_example.pdf
http://yuwritingcenter.wikispaces.com/file/view/Writing+a+Literature+Review+-
+Exercises.pdf
http://www.slideshare.com
http://www.eeaconsultants.com/news/globalwarming/global_warming.pdf
Dayagbil,F., Abao, E., & Bacus, R., (2016) Critical reading and writing for senior high school, Metro Manila

Purposeful Writing for Professions
56
Learning Competency 9: Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing professional
correspondence.
EN11/12RWS-IVhj-13
a) Resume EN11/12RWS-IVhj-13.1
b) Application for College Admission EN11/12RWS-IVhj-13.2
c) Application for Employment EN11/12RWS-IVhj-13.3
d) Various Forms of Office Correspondence EN11/12RWS-IVhj-13.4
Semester: 2nd Semester
Quarter: 4th Quarter
Number of Hours: 10 Hours
Lesson
Purposeful Writing for Professions
9
What’s New
This part of the module discusses about the unique features of composing
professional correspondence. It helps you to learn the purpose, guidelines and different
parts in writing resume, application letter both for employment and college admission, and
office correspondence. Each professional correspondence is followed by writing activities
to practice and enhance your writing skills.
What I Need to Know

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to
1. Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing texts that are professional
correspondence
a) Resume
b) Application for College Admission
57
c) Application for Employment
d) Various forms of Office Correspondence
To achieve the objectives of this module, do the following:

  Take your time reading the lessons carefully;
  Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and
exercises
 Diligently; and
  Answer all the given tests and exercises.
What I Know
Instruction: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer by writing the letter
of your choice on the space before each number.
_____1. It is a piece of paper which contains a summary of an applicant’s personal

information, educational background, skills and work experiences.
A. Business Letter C. Resume
B. Application Letter D. Memo
_____2. A type of resume format used to emphasize the applicant’s work experiences
progress. It starts with complete work experiences, followed by the educational
background.
A. Application Letter C. Chronological Format
B. Functional Format D. Hybrid
_____3. This is the most common layout used in writing cover letter. In this format, all
parts are justified to the left.
A. Full block C. Semi-block
B. Modified Block D. Normal
_____4. This is the least used format in writing an application letter. It is almost the same
as the modified block format; however, the difference is that the first sentence in each
paragraph is indented.
B. Modified block D. Normal
_____5. It is one of the components of a letter which includes the applicant’s address to
make it easier for the employer to easily contact the applicant.
58
A. Heading C. Complimentary close
B. Body D. Date
_____6. The most important and critical part in the components of a letter. It includes
the information on the job the applicant is applying for, where the job posting
was seen, and the skills and experiences the applicant possesses.
A. Heading C. Complimentary Close
B. Body D. Date
_____7. It is referred to as the “letter of intent”, and is a one page letter required for
college and university admission. The sender writes a letter to briefly discuss
his intention for attending the college program.
A. College Admission Letter C. Business Letter
B. Application Letter D. Letter of plea
_____8. Referred to as ‘career summary’ or ‘career profile’, it is one of the features in

writing a resume.
A. Professional summary C. Work Experience
B. Body D. Objective
_____9. This is considered to be the last part of the letter. The name is written on the
first line (also the title if applicable) on the second line then, a signature above
the first line.
A. Heading C. Body
B. Signature D. Date
_____10. It is the traditional way of communicating information from one company to

another or used external correspondence.
A. Business Letter C. Business Email
B. Business Memo D. Friendly Letter
Label the documents below. Choose your answer in the box.
Resume
College Admission
Office Correspondence - Memo
59
https://images.app.goo.gl/xr5UmgyQQKJ5T4x2
https://images.app.goo.gl/AwncQ9dbbSxRSGSa
https://images.app.goo.gl/joiE4TSTTr1zwRPt7
Lesso Purposeful Writing for Professions:

60
n 9.1 Writing a Resume
What’s New
What comes to your mind when you hear the word résumé? Do you think it is
important for you to learn how to write a résumé? Why?
Résumé Formats
When you apply for a job or for any work, hiring administrators like the managers
usually require applicants to submit a résumé. To give them an overview of yourself, you
need to know the different formats in making a résumé so that it fits their standard. Below
are the three types of résumé format for you to follow.
1) Chronological Format
The chronological format is used to emphasize the applicant’s work

experiences progress. It starts with the complete work experiences, followed by the
educational background. It is best used if the applicant is applying for a job related to
his previous experiences, and has ten to fifteen years work experiences.
Heading
---------------------------------------------------
----
Objective:
Work Experience:
Educational Background:
Skills/Expertise:
2) Functional Format Voluntary Activities/Involvement:
Functional format, on the other hand, focuses on the skills, not on the work
history. It is best used if the applicant changed career or if re-entering the industry
after a long absence. It is also used by the high school or college students entering the
industry.
61
Heading
Objective:
Professional Summary:
Work Experience:
Skills and Expertise:
3) Combination or Hybrid Format

Combination or Hybrid combines the chronological and functional
format. It works best if the applicant is aiming for a career change or wants to
present both skills and accomplishment.
Heading
Objective:
Expertise and Achievements:
Work Experience: Educational
Background:
Writing your Resume
Below are the important features of a resume.
1) Heading
The resume heading includes the applicant’s complete name, current address and
contact details such as cell phone number or e-mail address. The heading can be written in the
62
centre or on the left-side. Make sure that the formatting style, especially the font type, looks
professional.
• Example:
Ronan T. Kina-adman
Los-libertadores St. Comon, Mambajao, Camiguin
Phone: (088) 387-000 Mobile:
(+63) 967 570 1927 e-mail:
ronankinaadman@yahoo.com
• Explanation:
The heading contains basic information about the applicant.
2) Objectives
An objective also referred to as job objective or career objective, reflects the applicant’s
career goals and intention for applying for the job. Remember to write a direct and specific
objective that contains what you want to achieve in your career and what the employer could expect
from you.
• Example:
To land a job as hotel chamberlain, making every room a home of their own.
• Explanation:
The objective given as an example includes the position and its detailed description.
3) Professional Summary
Professional summary, also referred to as ‘career summary’ or ‘career profile’,

showcases your knowledge and abilities. It includes short recent job summary, together with your
soft skills (e.g. problem-solving capability, adaptability to change, etc.).
• Example:
Good cleaner, a flexible and hardworking. Hotelier with one year experience in
providing customer service, preparing beds and maintaining cleanliness of the hotel
rooms.
• Explanation:
63
This highlights the most valuable and recent job experience of the applicant.
4) Expertise and Achievement
This also refers to the ‘professional skills’ and ‘qualification’ of the applicant. It includes
personal and technical skills including the certifications and recognition received.
• Example:
Order Taking Skills
Received recognition as best housekeeper dated October 2004 excellent in finishing
room make up on time
• Explanation:
This is the part where the applicant, with or without experience, can write a detailed
description of his abilities and skills.
5) Work Experience
This is also called "employment history," "relevant experience", or "work history." Work
experience is a part of a résumé where the applicant states all previous employment. If you have
no work experience yet, write first the educational background, and include the optional part
Training and Seminar Attended.
• Example:
Housekeeper
Camiguin Highland
Resort (August 2002-
October 2005)
• Explanation:
The example shows the applicant’s job title, the employer and the length of service.
6) Educational Background
The educational background section can also be labelled as Academic, Academic

Qualification or Education and Certifications. Write the degree together with your major, minor or
concentration (if there is any), school and year attended.
Example:
64
TESDA
Camiguin School of Arts and Trades
2001-2002
• Explanation:
The inclusion of educational background from preschool to junior high school is not
required in this part. Mentioning only the details on where and when the applicant got his
senior high school and college degree would be enough.
TIPS
 Pass the resume with a cover letter. A cover letter gives the employer an overview why
they are receiving the resume, job posting the applicant is applying for and the matching
skills related to the position.
 A resume is used to apply for a job that contains a summary of an applicant’s personal
information, educational background, skills and work experiences while a Curriculum
Vitae (CV) is used to apply for an academic training or grant that contains a detailed
description of a person’s educational background, academic credential, and achievement.
 It is optional to include the following sections on the resume: Training and Seminars
Attended, Activities and Honors and References.
What is it?
Activity 14: Write (  ) if the statement is true and ( ) if false on the space provided
before the number.
_______ 1. A resume is essential in helping you land a great job.

_______ 2. Employers prefer to read chronological resumes.
_______ 3. Use of personal pronouns (i.e... I, you, we, he/she, they) is highly
recommended.
_______ 4. Use of color and fancy font will ensure that your resume will be noticed
and read.
_______ 5. An ideal resume is about 2 pages.
_______ 6. Abbreviations must be spelled out.
_______ 7. Resumes should be written in past tense.
_______ 8. Include every detail of your employment history, (e.g. months).
_______ 9. A resume should read like a job description.
_______ 10. Use strong action verbs to describe your accomplishments.
65
Great job!
You are done with the first activity, have a break! You deserve one. Then
let’s take off to more fun activities! So, read on!
Here’s a sample resume you can refer to:
66
Sample Resume – Middle School- Minimal Work Experience
Ima J. Gaudia
Andalucia Street, Opol, Misamis Oriental
home: 904.555.5555 cell: 566.486.2222 email:
studentiam@fakemail.com
Education
Currently enrolled in My Town Middle School
My Town, Florida
Work Experience
Pet Sitter
2005 – Present
• Provide pet sitting services including dog walking, feeding, and yard care. Child
Care
2005 – Present
• Provide child care for several families after school, weekends and
duringschool vacations. Achievements
• National Honor Society: 2005, 2006, 2007
• Academic Honor Roll: 2005-2007Volunteer Experience
• Big Brother / Big Sisters
• Food Drives
• Run for Life
Interests / Activities
• Member of My Town Tennis Team
• Girl Scout
• Piano
Computer Skills
 Proficient with Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
What is it?
67
Activity 15: Fill in the following tables of your own data. After filling in the desired
information, make a formal resume based on your details.
FUNCTIONAL FORMAT
HEADING:
OBJECTIVE:
Work Experience:
Skills and Expertise:
Heading
Objective
68
Work Experience:
Skills/Expertise:
Voluntary Activities/Involvement:
CHRONOLOGICAL FORMAT
COMBINATION OR HYBRID
Heading
Objective
Expertise and Achievements:
Work Experience:
What I Have Learned

Resume is a summary of your educational qualification details. It highlights your
skills and experiences relevant to the field. It highlights your objective and
accomplishments. Its purpose is to get you an Interview call. A resume should reflect
more than just work experience, it has three types of resume format: chronological format,
functional format and combination or hybrid format.
69
Great job!
You are done with Lesson 1, have a break! You deserve one.
Then let’s take off to Lesson 2!
So, read on!
Lesson Purposeful Writing for Professions: Writing
9.2 an Application for Employment
What’s New
What is an employment application letter?
Employment Application Letter "is a one-page letter, also referred to as the

"job application letter" or "cover letter attached to the resume when applying for jobs. The
purpose of writing the employment application letter is to highlight the applicant’s
experiences and personal qualities for him to be considered for an interview schedule, as
well as with the available job position.
Different Letter Formats
70
Applicant’s Address
Date
The format, including the content
and tone of the employment
Hiring Person’s Name and Company application letter, depends on the
Address applicant’s preference. Employment
Salutation application letter or cover letter has
three different formats: full block,
Body modified block and semi-block
format. The content in a cover letter
are all the same and will vary on the
Complimentary Close format or on the placement of each
part.
Signature
1) Full Block Format
This is the most common layout
used in writing cover letter. In this format, all parts are justified to the left.
.
2. Modified Block Format
Another common format used is the modified block format. Modified block is a type of
format where applicant’s address, Applicant’s Address
complementary close, signature and Date
sender’s identification is shifted to the
right side. Note that the first sentence in Hiring Person’s Name and Company Address
the body or in each paragraph is not Salutation
indented.
Body
Complimentary Close
Signature
71
4. Semi-Block Format
The least used format is the semi-block. It is almost the same as the
modified block format; however, the difference is that the first sentence in each
paragraph is indented.
If there is no required format, it is recommended to write it in full-block

with one-inch margin on all sides, single spaced and preferably using Times New
Roman font and twelve
point font size. Applicant’s Address
Date
Components of a Letter
Hiring Person’s Name and Company
1) Heading, Date and Inside Address
Address
Salutation
The heading includes the
applicant’s address to make it Body (First line is indented)
easier for the employer to easily
contact the applicant. The date
written below the heading indicates Complimentary Close
the date when the letter was written.
The inside address refers to where
and to whom the letter is addressed. Ensure that there is a line in between heading, date
and inside address.
• Example:
Jerome C. Villa
Andalucia St. Lumbia
Cagayan de Oro CIty
April 03, 2002
72
Mr. Chris S. Lopez
Human Resource Manager
Springhills Mountain
Resort Gitago, Cagayan
de Oro City
• Explanation:
Written on the first two lines of the heading is the address of the applicant.
This includes the street number, city, state and zip code. The format in writing
the date is month-day-year. The inside address includes the name of the name of
the employer or the human resource manager, his job title, name of the company
and address.
2) Greeting or Salutation
Greeting or salutation is written to indicate for whom the letter is. It should start
with the word "Dear" followed by the last name of the receiver. End the salutation
with a colon (:). If the name has not been obtained, address it as “Ma’am/Sir.”
• Example:
Dear Mr. Rozales:
or
Dear Ma’am/Sir:
• Explanation:
The greeting or salutation addresses the person concerned with the hiring
process.
3) The Body
The most important and critical part in writing the employment application letter
is its body. It includes information on the job the applicant is applying for, where
the job posting was seen, and the skills and experiences the applicant possesses.
You can also highlight the reason for a career change, if there is any. Finalize the
letter in two to three sentences by including the reason why the applicant is perfect for
73
the job and the statement of the applicant’s desire to meet the employer or human
resource person.
• Example:
I am writing to express my interest in the Managerial Position posted at

Jobstreet.com last February 12, 2016. As per the qualification posted in your
advertisement, I consider myself as one of the qualified applicant for the said
position.
Aside from being a graduate of University of the Philippines, I also have fiveyear
industry experience in managing a local fast-food chain. I am applying in your
good office because I am seeking for a career growth which I believe your
company can provide.
My skills and experiences are included in the resume attached on this letter.
Thank you for taking time in processing my job application papers and I look
forward to meet you at your earliest convenience.
• Explanation:
The body of the letter contains information not seen in the applicant’s
resume. In this example, the applicant clearly indicates the desired position,
source of information, qualification and experiences and reason of career shift.
4) Complimentary Close
Complimentary Close is done to politely finish the letter. Note that the
complementary close ends with comma (,).
 Example:
Sincerely, or
Yours Truly,
 Explanation:
Writing the complimentary close shows that the letter has already ended.
74
5) Signature and Sender’s Identification
This is considered as the last part of the letter. Write your name on the first line
and your title (if applicable) on the second line. Then sign directly above the first line.
• Example:
(Signature) Shiela J. Perez
• Explanation:
It shows the name of the job applicant
Tips
 Make sure the letter is free of errors and does not contain any slang or informal language.
This should be written in a professional manner so it to be considered as a good
employment application letter.
 Limit the letter up to one page only. The employer or human resource person will not have
time to read letter longer than this.
 It is advisable to computerize the letter so that it can be read easily and print it in a good
quality paper.
 The cover letter must not repeat elaborated details written in the resume.
 The applicant must not assume that he is hired after submitting the cover letter.
 The employment application letter is attached to the resume and not the curriculum vitae.
Curriculum Vitae are submitted for academic purpose and not for job application purpose.
What is it?
Activity 16: Identify and label the parts of the letter Write your answers on the blanks
provided below the figure.
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
75
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. What is the format used in the sample above?
_______________________________
What is it?
Activity 17-A: Write T if the statement is true and F if false on the space provided
before the number.
_______ 1. The effectiveness of taking risks with the opening paragraph of your letter
depends greatly on the field in which you are seeking a job.
_______ 2. Employers like candidates to express a willingness to perform any
available job.
_______ 3. If you are not fully qualified, it's always best to discuss the reasons why
you aren't fully qualified in the letter.
_______ 4. It’s okay to mention skills gained in school even if they have nothing to do
with the job sought.
_______ 5. Transferable skills should be portrayed both in the resume and in the
cover letter.
Activity 17-B: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before the number.
______ 6. Which of the following BEST describes a cover letter?

A. make a good first impression
B. Answer the question "Why should I hire you?"
C. present your qualifications directly
D. all three
_______ 7. In which paragraph of a cover letter does the reader sell himself or herself?
A. First C. Third
B. Second D. Fourth
_______ 8. Applications are used by:

A. some employers C. most employers
B. all employers D. only large firm
76
What is it?
Activity 18: Visualize your cover letter. Fill in the graphic organizer. After filling in
the desired information, make a formal cover letter.
Step 1: Step 2: Paragraph 1:

What kind of Who is my audience? Why am I writing?
letter am I
creating?
(Job)
Step 3:
What are the 3 Fs?
Paragraph 2:
Format: I Function: Effectivene What I have to offer?
will use… My purpose ss: To
is to… make this
effective I
need to do
the
following
…
Paragraph 3:
How I meet their criteria?
Paragraph 4: How am I going to

follow up?
Step 4:
What should I include in my letter?
What I Have Learned
77
Employment Application Letter "is a one-page letter, also referred to as the
"job application letter" or "cover letter attached to the resume when applying for jobs. The
purpose of writing the employment application letter is to highlight the applicant’s
experiences and personal qualities for him to be considered for an interview schedule, as
well as with the available job position. It has different letter formats: full block format,
modified block format and semi-block format.
Great job!
You are done with Lesson9. 2, have a break! You deserve one. Then let’s
take off to Lesson 9.3! So, read on!
Lesso Purposeful Writing for Professions:

Writing an Application for College
n 9.3 Admission
What’s New
College Admission Letter and Essay
College Admission Letter also referred to as the "letter of intent," is a one

page letter required for college and university admission. The sender writes a letter to
briefly discuss his intention for attending the college program. College Admission Essay,
or known as "statement of purpose" or "personal statement," is an essay written by
the student applicant to answer the essay topics given by the admission office.
78
Pre-writing
Before you write a college admission letter and essay, you must first determine the
program you want to take, followed by a thorough research on program structure. Then
reflect on your purpose in enrolling the course, your achievements, and future goals.
Decide the format to use in writing a letter. If there is no required format, write the letter in a
full-block style, meaning all parts are aligned to the left, with the format of one-inch margin,
twelve-point font size, and single-spaced paragraph.
Writing your College Admission Letter
1) Heading, Date and Inside Address
Write on the top left the heading that includes your complete address and zip code. It is the address
of the sender. The date should be fully spelled out. The inside address contains the name of the college or
university admission head, his job title (if applicable) and the address of the university. It is the address of
the receiver. Skip a line between the heading, date, and inside address.
Example
Heading
B15 L21 Amarillo St.

Brgy. Rizal, Makati 1218
b) Date:
February 16, 2016
c) Inside Address:
Ms. Katarina Katigbak
Officer-in-Charge, Admission Section
Office of the Registrar
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines Lapasan,
Cagayan de Oro City
 Explanation:
79
The heading is a receiver’s quick reference to the sender’s address and can
be used if the letter has to return. The date indicates when the letter is written,
and the inside address refers to whom and where the letter is addressed.
2) Greeting or Salutation
It starts mostly with the word "Dear" followed by the last name of the receiver.
End the salutation with a colon (:). If the name has not been obtained, address it as
“Ma’am/Sir”.
• Example:
Dear Ms. Katigbak:
or
Dear Ma’am/Sir:
• Explanation:
The greeting or salutation addresses the person concerned with the admission
process.
3) The Body
The body is the main part of the letter which includes the course you are
interested in, reason for choosing the university, description of academic interest, the
basis for them to consider your application, and plans, if any. Last part will be your
request to consider your application for admission and information on how to contact
you.
 Example:
I am writing to inform you of my interest in applying for Bachelor of Science in

Biology at your prestigious school – University of Science and Technology of
Southern Philippines.
I am enthusiastic to conduct researches in science. As shown in my
scholastic achievements and the documents attached, I am part of the team
that ranked second in the recent National Science Investigatory Project. The
university offers the best tertiary education in the country and is at its prime in
research and publication. Because of this, studying at the university would
help me improve my research skills as I deepen my knowledge of biological
science.
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I plan to allot most of my time, during and after my studies, in conducting
biological research. I envision myself doing research for the benefit of my
countrymen.
I hope for your kind consideration. For any questions or concern, contact me
at this number 09675701927
 Explanation:
The body of the letter entails the course chose and the reason for choosing
the college as part of his academic career. The academic achievements related to
the course, future goal and a contact detail of the applicant is also included.
4) Complimentary Close
Complimentary Close is a polite way of finishing the letter. Remember that

it always ends with comma (,).
• Example:
Sincerely, or
Yours Truly,
• Explanation:
Writing the complimentary close shows that the letter has already ended.
5) Signature and Sender’s Identification
This is the last part of the letter. Write your name on the first line and your
title (if applicable) on the second line. Then sign directly above the first line.
Example:
Signataure
Shiela A. Canillas
Explanation:
It shows the name of the college applicant.
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Writing a College Admission Essay
Most admission essays have a limit of two hundred to five hundred words and
usually answers assigned topic. The challenge here is to showcase you - as the right
candidate - for their university in a limited number of words. Remember that the purpose
of this essay is to know more of your personality without repeating what is written in
the profile or registration form. It should answer the question or topic clearly.
Introduction
The introduction should catch the attention of the reader. It should contain the
main concept for your essay. You can also restate the question without repeating the exact
words.
• Example:
Topic: Explain why you would like to pursue a program in our college.
My goal is not just to finish a degree. It should be finishing a degree in this
college.
• Explanation:
This shows the main idea of the essay. It is short, but it captures the attention
of the reader.
Content
This is the part where you should answer the topic or question with clarity.
Provide justification based on the experience you have undergone. You can also
incorporate the factors that drive you into finishing your studies.
• Example:
To be enriched holistically to serve the country cannot be possible if without
the help of the college. It is because the college has the best professors in the
country – professors that are not only into teaching but also in moulding the
students.
Explanation:
In this example, the applicant states the personal reason for pursuing a
degree. It answers the question or topic clearly.
Conclusion
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To end the essay, write your plans after you graduate from their college. You
could also include the reinforcing statement stating that you are one of the best applicants
to their college.
• Example:
After finishing my degree, I am looking forward to working with a research
laboratory to be of aid to our country in adding more scientific knowledge of the world
around us. All of this would be possible with the help of the college .
• Explanation:
The conclusion in this example depicts the long term goal of the college
applicant.
Tips
• In writing a college admission letter, use a full-block style or the format
prescribed by the college.
• In writing a college admission essay, answer the questions directly and state
specific experiences and or achievements to support your answer.
• Make sure that it is written in a positive tone, well-written and free of errors.
Sample College Application Letter Writing Tips:
 As it is a formal letter, words and phrases should be chosen carefully.

 The language should be simple and easy to understand.
 The content should be short and straightforward.
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__________ (Dean’s name)
__________ (College address)
__________
__________
From:
______________ (Your name)
______________ (Your address)
______________
Date __________ (date of writing letter)
Dear Sir/Madam:
I came to know through one of your college students that you are conducting a special
workshop for management students. I am studying ………………. (
Name of course) in ……………. (Name of institute) and would like to attend it. I would
like to know if there is any application to be submitted. If so, I request you to send me
the application form to my address.
The training programs you conduct are popular in the industry and I want to take
advantage of this opportunity. I understand that several big names in the industry are
associated with the program. Lot many students belonging to various colleges are
interested to participate in the training program and get benefitted.
Please inform me through email or you can contact me on my telephone
number_______.
I’m looking forward to hear from you.
Yours sincerely,
___________ (Your name)
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What is it?
Activity 19: Draw a ( ) if the statement is true and draw a ( ) if false on the space provided
before the number.
_______ 1. Visiting a school and applying is really all I need to do to make myself known
to the admissions office.
_______ 2. Most of the country’s top-tier schools are very expensive and unaffordable for
the average person.
_______ 3. Your essay should highlight something about you that the admissions office
couldn’t learn anywhere else on your application.
_______ 4. College admissions officers are looking up applicants online and on social media.
_______ 5. Extracurricular activities only matter during the school year.
Great job!
You are done with the first activity, have a break! You deserve
one. Then let’s take off to more fun activities!
So, read on!
What is it?
Activity 20: Write your own college admission letter. Fill out the various parts of the letter with your
information. Use the blank page provided on the next page.
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(Your address)
(Date)
(Address of audience)
(Salutation) Dear ____________,

Paragraph 1: State the name of that college / university and briefly explain why you are the
best choice. You should also state where you learned about their school.)
(Paragraph 2: Describe in more detail what you will bring to this college / university or why
you are the best choice.)
(Paragraph 3: Describe your interest in what you are applying for. Show the reader that you
know what they value, why it is important, and how you meet their criteria.)
Paragraph 4: Tell the reader to contact you if they need additional information. Provide your
phone number and/or email and the best time to reach you.)
Sincerely,
Your name
Rubric College Admission Letter Writing
Needs Improvement
Excellent 4 pts Very Good 3 pts. Satisfactory 2 pts. 1 pt.
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Format is correct, One of the Two of the Three of the
including your following parts is following parts are following parts are
address, date, inside incorrectly incorrectly incorrectly
address, salutation, formatted: your formatted: your formatted: your
Format body, closing, and address, date, address, date, address, date,
signature. inside address, inside address, inside address,
salutation, body, salutation, body, salutation, body,
closing, and closing, and closing, and
signature. signature. signature.
Body includes at least Missing one Missing two Missing three or
three complete component from components from more components
paragraphs. A clear the following: at the following: at from the
Body (Content) purpose is clearly least three least three following: at least
stated and conveyed complete complete three complete
to the reader. paragraphs, clearly paragraphs, clearly paragraphs, clearly
stated purpose stated purpose stated purpose
Grammar and spelling Grammar and/or Several errors in Many errors in
Grammar and are correct. spelling errors are grammar and/or grammar and/or
Spelling minimal ( spelling (>2 spelling (>4
errors). errors).
Language/ The language is One word is not Two words are not More than three
Audience appropriate for the appropriate for the appropriate for the words are not
Language is audience. audience. audience. appropriate for the
formal and audience.
appropriate
The letter is free of The letter contains The letter contains The letter contains
redundant and/or no more than two more than two cases so much redundant
superfluous wording. cases of redundant of redundant and/or and/or superfluous
Conciseness and/or superfluous superfluous wording,
information that
but they do not
wording. distract from the the message is
message. weakened.
What I Have Learned

College Admission Letter also referred to as the "letter of intent," is a one page letter
required for college and university admission. The sender writes a letter to briefly discuss his
intention for attending the college program. College Admission Essay, or known as "statement of
purpose" or "personal statement," is an essay written by the student applicant to answer the essay
topics given by the admission office.
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Great job! You are done with Lesson 3, have a break! You deserve
one. Then let’s take off to Lesson 4! So, read on!
Lesson Purposeful Writing for Professions:
9.4 Writing an Office Correspondence
96
What’s New
Office correspondence, also known as the ‘business correspondence’, is a written exchange
of internal and external communication to support all business processes. It has three major forms
including the business letter, business memo and business e-mail that may be used for internal or
external communication. Internal correspondence means that there is a communication or agreement
between departments or branches of the same company, while external correspondence means that the
communication is between the company and another organization or firm. The purpose of the
correspondence is to communicate the information in a clear and professional way.
1) Business Letter
Business letter is the traditional way of communicating information from one company to
another or used in external correspondence. The format can either be full block, modified block
and semi-block. The format used in writing a business letter depends on the requirements set by the
company. Different types of letters are sales letter, order letter, complaint letter, inquiry letter,
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adjustment letter, acknowledgement letter, follow-up letter, acknowledgement letter, and cover
letter, letter of recommendation and letter of resignation.
Example of an Inquiry Letter
89
Andalucia St., Lumbia
Cagayan de Oro City
April 26, 2019
Mr. Dehren Jun L. Perez

Springhills Mountain Resort Cagayan de Oro City
Dear Mr. Perez:
I am writing to ask if you have found a person to fill up the position of Operations
Manager as posted on your website. We currently have two qualified applicants that
fit the position.
Attached herewith are the resumes of the applicants, for your perusal. We look
forward to work with you again and hope to hear feedback from you.
Thank you and more power!

Sincerely,
(signature)
Flynt Verlie L. Perez

Welcome Travel Agency
Explanation:
The letter of inquiry as an example includes the heading, date, inside address, salutation, body,
complimentary close, signature and sender’s information. This letter is an external correspondence
between two difference companies.
2) Business Memo
90
Business memo is a written communication strictly between the company’s offices to
another, or used in internal correspondence. The difference between a memo and a letter is that the
memo has its title line and series number. The employees tend to read the if the title line is related to
their job description. It is also used to implement internal guidelines or procedures that the employees
must follow. Some types of memos are operational memo, financial memo, and request for action,
directives, trip report, field report and dress code memo among others.
Example of Announcement Memo
Happy Learning Center

Analucia St. Lumbia,
Cagayan de Oro City
Series No. 17 – 261
To: All School Teachers
From: The Head Teacher
Date: February 26, 2019
Subject: School Party
In line with the approved budget for the year 2018 - 2019 is the pursuance of the
proposed company outing this coming March 21 to 22 at the San Gregorio Farms and
Leisure. We advise everyone to prepare your sports outfit and toiletries. We look forward
to see you enjoy in our two day company outing.
Thank you for your continuous support.
(signature)
Explanation:
The announcement memo includes information about the company outing of the employees.
The company also uses their own letterhead.
91
3) Business e-mail
Business e-mail is an office correspondence that can either be internal or external. There is
no required format in writing e-mail correspondence but it is expected that the writer maintain a
professional tone. Note that the header of the letter is written on the blank fields including the ‘from’
and ‘to’ fields. ‘From’ contains e-mail from the sender while the field ‘to’ contains the email of the
recipient.
Example of a Business e-mail
From: Flnt Verlie P.

To: Jessa H. jessa@hr.heping.com
Subject: Re: Vacant Position for supervisorship
Dear Ma’am Jessa:
Good day!
In behalf of Areflor Funeral Homes, we extend our deepest gratitude for helping us
scout qualified applicants in the industry. We hope to work again with you.
Cheers!
Best regards,
Human Resource Personnel
Flora Homes Caven
Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. No. (088) 123-234-345
Explanation:
In the above example, the e-mail correspondence is informal and external. It expresses
gratitude towards the effort made by the manpower agency.
92
Tips
▪ Make sure the office correspondence is concise and easy to understand. It is recommended
for a correspondence to have brief sentences and paragraphs for the employees tend to read it
quickly.
▪ Controlling the tone of writing is important in any office correspondence. It should not sound
too formal or too informal.
What is it?
Activity 21: Rearrange the memo accordingly. Use the space provided below.
To : Lauren Simon, DSWD Regional Director
Date :
We came to know that the relief good sent for the Prime Minister’s Emergency Fund are
not being distributed properly. Instead of the real flood victims, the relief good are going to the
influential who are not at all flood affected.
26 January, 2013
Subject : Request for Proper Distribution of Relief Goods
We hope that you will direct the authority concerned to investigate into the matter and
ensure proper distribution of the relief goods.
From : Leila Gomez, Undersecretary DSWD
What I Have Learned

Office correspondence is a written exchange of internal and external communication to
support all business processes. It is also known as the business correspondence.
A business letter is a traditional way of communicating information from one company

to another or used in external correspondence.
93
A business memo is a written communication strictly between the company’s offices to
another.
A business e-mail is an office correspondence that can either be internal or external.

There is no required format in writing e-mail correspondence but it is expected that the writer
maintains a professional tone.
Assessment
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer by writing the writing the letter
of your choice on the space before each number.
_____1. It is a piece of paper which contains a summary of an applicant’s personal

information, educational background, skills and work experiences.
A. Business Letter C. Resume

B. Application Letter D. Memo
_____2. A type of resume format used to emphasize the applicant’s work experiences progress. It
starts with complete work experiences, followed by the educational background.
A. Application Letter C. Chronological Format
B. Functional Format D. Hybrid
_____3. This is the most common layout used in writing cover letter. In this format, all parts
are justified to the left.

B. Modified Block D. Normal
_____4. This is the least used format in writing an application letter. It is almost the same as the
modified block format; however, the difference is that the first sentence in each paragraph is
indented.

B. Modified block D. Normal
94
_____5. It is one of the components of a letter which includes the applicant’s address to make it
easier for the employer to easily contact the applicant.
A. Heading C. Complimentary close

B. Body D. Date
_____6. The most important and critical part in the components of a letter. It includes the
information on the job the applicant is applying for, where the job posting was seen, and the
skills and experiences the applicant possesses.
A. Heading C. Complimentary Close
B. Body D. Date
_____7. It is referred to as the “letter of intent”, and is a one page letter required for college and
university admission. The sender writes a letter to briefly discuss his intention for attending the
college program.
A. College Admission Letter C. Business Letter

B. Application Letter D. Letter of plea
_____8. Referred to as ‘career summary’ or ‘career profile’, it is one of the features in

writing a resume.
A. Professional summary C. Work Experience

B. Body D. Objective
_____9. This is considered to be the last part of the letter. The name is written on the
first line (also the title if applicable) on the second line then, a signature above the first line.
A. Heading C. Body
B. Signature D. Date
_____10. It is the traditional way of communicating information from one company to

another or used external correspondence.
95
A. Business Letter C. Business Email
B. Business Memo D. Friendly Letter
Congratulations!
You have completed your journey in this module.
You did a great job!
It’s now time to go on the next adventure.
Good luck!
KEY ANSWERS 
Pre – Test
1. C 6. B
2. C 7. A
3. A 8. A
4. C 9.B
5. A 10.
A
Activity 14 - Writing Resume
96
Activity 16 – Application for Employment
1. Heading
2. Inside Address
3. Greeting / Salutation
4. Body
5. Complimentary Close
6. Signature and Seder’s Identification
7. Modified Block Form
Activity 17 – Application for Employment
A. B.
1. T 6. D
2. F 7. C
3. F 8. C
4. F
5. T
Activity 19 – College Admission
97
Activity 21 – Memo
Post - Test
1. C 6. B
2. C 7. A
3. A 8. A
4. C 9.B
5. A 10. A
References
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffb8dd2b76d0002002621/curriculum#cu rriculum
https://www.letters.org/application-letter/sample-college-application-letter.html
https://topformtemplates.com/job-application-letter-sample-pdf-free-download/
file:///F:/ohsp%20inventory%20and%20eval/functional%20resume%20format
%20Sample.pdf
file:///F:/ohsp%20inventory%20and
%20eval/Sample_Chronological_Resume_132.pdf
file:///F:/ohsp%20inventory%20and
%20eval/Communicating_Hybrid_Resume_Sample.pdf
https://images.app.goo.gl/joiE4TSTTr1zwRPt7
https://images.app.goo.gl/AwncQ9dbbSxRSGSa7
https://images.app.goo.gl/xr5UmgyQQKJ5T4x26
https://careerwardrobe.org/wp-content/pdf/08%20Resume%20Quiz%20-%20Robin
%20Rodin.pdf https://www.livecareer.com/resources/cover-letters/basics/cover-letter-quiz
98
: https://wps.prenhall.com/chet_lamarre_career_1/31/8105/2075107.cw/content/index. html
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/30847_cover.pdf
https://www.ivywise.com/ivywise-knowledgebase/resources/article/quiz-do-you know-the-truth-
about-college-admissions/ http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/30847_steps.pdf
MODULE 3 WRITER’S PROFILE
Name: ANADESI L. BUHISAN

Position: Teacher II
Educational Attainment:
CAR – Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Second Language
Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English
Module Title: Module 3 – Purposeful Writing in the disciplines and for Professions
Division: Misamis Oriental
School: Opol National Secondary Technical School – Senior High School
District: Opol District
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