WORKING PRESSURE RATING 47

Table 4-6 Temperature compensation multipliers, fT

~ ~~ ~~

Maximum Operating Temperature

Temperature Compensation
"F "C Multiplier, FT
Below 81°F Below 28°C 1.0
From 81°F to 90°F From 28°C to 32°C 0.9
From 91°F to 100°F From 33°C to 38°C 0.8
Above 100°F Above 38°C -

NOTE:The upper operating temperature limit, as well as the temperature compensationmultiplier for temperatures above
100°F(38"C),can vary depending on the pipe material. The pipe manufacturer should be consulted for this information.

Table 4-7 PE 3408 working pressure rating for recurring surge events as a result of instantaneous
change in water column velocity

WPR (psi)vs. Recurring Instantaneous Change in Water Column Velocity (fps)

PipeDR 0-2fps 3 fps 4 fps 5 fps 7 fps

7.3
9
9.3
11
13.5
15.5
17
21
26
32.5
NOTE:While the pipe is adequate to resist the positive pressure shown in the shaded areas of the table, negative pressure must
be prevented from exceeding 1.0 atmosphere to prevent water column separation.

Using Eq 4-12, the 1.0 fps velocity change surge pressure from Table 4-3, and
the 100°F temperature compensation multiplier, FT,from Table 4-6, the cal-
culation is as follows:

W P R = (2)(100)(0.8)-lO(11.3) = 43 psi

MOLDED AND FABRICATED FITTINGS

The WP of a molded or fabricated fitting is established using long-term sustained
pressure tests in a manner similar to that used for pipe. The long-term strength of
each member of a family of fittings made from a particular PE material is established
from the results of long-term pressure tests conducted on products that represent
each kind of fitting and the size range in which that fitting is available. The PC of
each fitting is calculated from the results of these tests.

Copyright (C) 2006 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved
48 P E PIPE-DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Molded fittings are commercially available with a PC up to 254 psig (in some cases
higher) for water at 73°F (23°C).Fabricated fittings are custom-made to pressure
classes from 40 t o 200 psig or higher depending on the size and manufacturer. In
either case, fittings shall meet the requirements of ANSYAWWA C901 or (2906.

REFERENCES
1.ANSVAWWA C901, Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Pipe and Tubing J/z In.(13 mm)
Through 3 In. (76 mm) for Water Service,
American Water Works Association, Den-
ver, CO.
2. A N S ~ A ~(3906,A Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 ln.(lOO mm)
Through 63 In. (1,575 mm), for Water Dis-
tribution and Transmission, American
Water Works Association, Denver, CO.
3. ASTM D2837, Standard Test Method for
Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for
Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure
Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Prod-
ucts, ASTM International, West Consho-
hocken, PA.
4. PPI TR-4, PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design
Basis (HDB), Strength Design Basis (SDB),
Pressure Design Basis (PDB) and Mini-
mum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings for
Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe,
Plastics Pipe Institute, Washington, DC.
5. Szpak, E. and Rice, F.G., 1977. "Strength
of Polyethylene Piping - New Insights,"
Parts I and 11, Engineering Digest.
6. Fedossof, F.A. and E. Szpak, 1978. "Cyclic
Pressure Effects on High Density Polyeth-
ylene Pipe," a paper presented at the
Western Canada Sewage Conference,
Regina, Sask., Canada.
7. Bowman, J.A., "The Fatigue Response of
Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyethylene Pipe
Systems," Buried Plastics Pipe Technology,
ASTM STP1093, American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1990.
8. Janson, L.E., 1996. Plastic Pipes for Water
Supply and Sewage Disposal. Borealis,
Sven Axelson ABIAffisch & Reklamtryck
AB, Boras, Sweden.

Copyright (C) 2006 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved