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Topography: Faktor Lereng Dan Kemiringan (LS)
Topography: Faktor Lereng Dan Kemiringan (LS)
Convex
Uniform
Deposition
Rule of Thumb for Deposition Beginning
on Concave Slopes
Deposition
Basic Principles
Sediment load accumulates along the slope
because of detachment
Transport capacity function of distance along
slope (runoff), steepness at slope location,
cover-management, storm severity (10 yr 24 hr
precip)
Deposition occurs where sediment load
becomes greater than transport capacity
Detachment Proportional to Slope
Length Factor
Slope length effect
l= (x/72.6)n
x = location on slope
n = slope length exponent
Slope length exponent
Related to rill:interrill ratio
Slope steepness, rill:interrill erodibility, ground cover, soil
biomass, soil consolidation
Slope length factor varies on a daily basis
Slope Length Effects
Slope length effect is greater on slopes where rill
erosion is greater relative to interrill erosion
Examples:
Steep slopes
Soils susceptible to rill erosion
Soils recently tilled
Low soil biomass
Detachment Proportional to Slope
Steepness Factor
4.5
4
3.5
Factor Value
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Slope Steepness (%)
Effect of Slope Shape on Erosion
200
150
Erosion rate (t/ac)
100
Concave
50 Convex
Uniform
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-50
-100
Segment Along Flow Path
Sifat lereng vs energi penyebab
erosi:
· Kemiringan
· Panjang Lereng
· Bentuk lereng
Hubungan Erosi dan kemiringan
EaS b
250
50
0
0 10 20 30 40
Kemiringan (%)
l x
L( )
22
x= konstan, 0.5 untuk s>4%, 0.4 unt 4% dan 0.3 <3%
KONSERVASI TANAH
DAN AIR
TANAMAN DAN EROSI
Pengaruh tanaman thd limpasan
permukaan dan erosi :
KESIMPULAN:
Pengaruh tanaman ( Lanjutan)
Adanya tanaman :
1. Seresah dan akar tanaman membantu pembentukan aggregat
tanah
2. Perbaikan struktur tanah akan meningkatkan porositas dan
kemantapan pori
Coffee 7 yr Coffee 10 yr
Macroporosity
Vertical macropores Horizontal macropores (vertical
(horizontal
PORI maps)
MAKRO HORISONTAL maps)
PORI MAKRO VERTIKAL
16 20
14 18
landuse
12 16
BNT hutan
kopi 1th BNT
10 kopi 3th 14
kopi 7th
kopi 10th
8 12
fraction
Macropore fraction
6 10
4
Macropore 8
2 6
0 4
2
10 30 50 70 90 hutan kopi 1th kopi 3th kopi 7th kopi 10tj landslidg
Kedalaman Tanah (cm)
Forest 1 3 7 Landuse
10yr old
Depth of soil layer coffee garden
ROOT DISTRIBUTION
Earthworm population
0.45 160
-2
No anecic + endogeic, indiv m
0.35
Number anecic + 120
0.3 endogeic
100
0.25
80
0.2
60
0.15
40
0.1
0.05 20
0 0
Remnant Multistrata Shaded Monoculture
Forest
25
20 y = 10.042x + 2.9368
2
R = 0.2741
15
10
5
y = 2.162x + 2.4942
2
R = 0.6722
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Earthworm FW, g per indiv
0
20
Soil depth, cm
40
60
80
Forest Multistrata
100
0
20
Soil depth, cm
40
60
80
10
4 3.47 3.6
2.99
0
Remnant Multistrata Shaded Monoculture
Forest
120 14
Macropore on vertikal
y = 4.1193x + 3.5336
Soil surface cover, %
100 12
R2 = 0.823
80 10 y = 0.7503x - 6.4402
plane, %
8 R2 = 0.7407
60
6
40
4
20 2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Litter thickness, mm Littter thickness, mm
6 6
-1
-1
y = 0.1522x + 0.5532
Infiltration, mm min
Infiltration, mm min
5 R2 = 0.4631 5
4 4
3 3
y = 0.2161x + 1.7855
2 2
R2 = 0.7097
1 1
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15
Litter Thickness, mm Macropore on vertical plane, %
Infiltration Rate under various Coffee-based
Systems
10
Infiltration Rate (cm/min)
6 5.2
4.7
4
2 2.2 1.9
2
0
For MoC C+P C+G MiC
Coffee-based Systems