Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1day Plc2013 03 Bits N Bytes
1day Plc2013 03 Bits N Bytes
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 2 Siemens AG © 2009
Objectives
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 3 Siemens AG © 2009
Signals
5
2,5 7,5
0 10
V
Voltage Voltage
32767
+10V
+5V Signal
1
state
0 0
V Time 0 V Time 0
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 4 Siemens AG © 2009
Digital and Analog
The only information computers understand are electrical signals that are
switched ON(1) and OFF(0)
How does a computer understand numbers or alphabets?
Eg. Volume control of your desktop BOOLEAN (1-bit)
On/Off
Unmute (0)
Mute (1)
Volume
Low (0) BYTE (8-bit)
... . .
High (8)
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 5 Siemens AG © 2009
Digital and Analog
WORD (16-bit)
Volume Low (0)
... . .
High (16)
High (32)
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 6 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Types
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 7 Siemens AG © 2009
Addressing
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 8 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Block
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 9 Siemens AG © 2009
Characteristics of a Number System
Digit such as
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Base such as 10
100 = 1 2 x 1 = 2
101 = 10 5 x 10 = 50
102 = 100 3 x 100 = 300
103 = 1000 2 x 1000 =
2000
2352
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 10 Siemens AG © 2009
Binary System
Example: 11001101
Digits: 0, 1
Base: 2
Positional Weights: Powers of Base 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
11001101
20 =1
21 =2 1 x 1 = 1
22 =4 0 x 2 = 0
1 x 4 = 4
23 =8 1 x 8 = 8
24 = 16 0 x 16 = 0
25 = 32 0 x 32 = 0
26 = 64 1 x 64 = 64
27 = 1 x 128 = 128
205
128
etc.
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 11 Siemens AG © 2009
Hexadecimal System
Example : CD
Digits : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Base :2
Positional Weight: Powers of Base 16
1 0
1100 1101
1 x 1 = 1
0 x 2 = 0
1 x 4 = 4
1 x 8 = 8
160 =1 13 * 1 =
161 = 16 13
0 x 1 = 0
162 = 256 0 x 2 = 0
163 = 4096 1 x 4 = 4
etc. 1 x 8 = 8
12 * 16 =
192
205
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 12 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: BOOL
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 13 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: Byte
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 14 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: WORD
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 15 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: INTEGER
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 16 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: REAL
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 17 Siemens AG © 2009
Data Type: STRING
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 18 Siemens AG © 2009
Conclusion
THANK YOU
FOR MORE INFORMATION,
CONTACT US AT
BISTANIKA-SIEMENS.BLOGSPOT.COM
BISTANIKA
AUTOMATION & PROCESS CONTROL SPECIALIST
SITRAIN
ST-MICRO1 / Systemübersicht Page 19 Siemens AG © 2009