COMPLEX NUMBERS (A LEVEL)

5. The complex number 2 + i is denoted by u. Its complex conjugate is denoted by u*.

1. The complex number 1 + i 3 is denoted by u.
(a) Show, on a sketch of an Argand diagram with origin O, the points A, B and C
(a) Express u in the form r(cos θ + i sin θ), where r > 0 and – < θ ≤ . [2] representing the complex numbers u, u* and u + u* respectively.
Describe in geometrical terms the relationship between the four points
Hence, find the modulus and argument of u2 and u3. [3] O, A, B and C. [4]
2
(b) Show that u is a root of the equation z – 2z + 4 = 0,
and state the other root of this equation. [2] (b) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]
u*
(c) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the  1
complex numbers i and u. [2](J02) (c) By considering the argument of u , prove that tan−1  4  = 2 tan−1   . [2](J06)
u* 3  2

2. The complex number 2i is denoted by u. 6. The complex number 2 is denoted by u.

−1 + i
The complex number with modulus 1 and argument 2 is denoted by w. (a) Find the modulus and argument of u and u2. [6]
3
(a) Find in the form x + iy, where x and y are real, the complex numbers (b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the
complex numbers u and u2. [2](J07)
w, uw and u . [4]
w
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points U, A and B representing 7. The variable complex number z is given by z = 2 cos θ + i(1 − 2 sin θ),
u
the complex numbers u, uw and respectively. [2] where θ takes all values in the interval – < θ ≤ .
w
(a) Show that │z − i│= 2, for all values of θ. [3]
(c) Prove that triangle UAB is equilateral. [2](J03)
(b) Prove that the real part of 1 is constant for – < θ ≤ . [4](J08)
z+2−i
3. Find the roots of the equation z2 − z + 1 = 0, giving your answers
in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]
8. Solve the equation z2 + ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0, giving your answers in the form
Obtain the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]
Show that each root also satisfies the equation z3 = −1. [2](J04)
(a) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots. [1]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
4. Solve the equation z2 − 2iz − 5 = 0, giving your answers in the (c) Show that the origin and the points representing the roots are the
form x + iy where x and y are real. [3] vertices of an equilateral triangle. [1](J09)
(a) Find the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots. [1](J05)

4–5
9. The variable complex number z is given by z = 1 + cos 2θ + i sin 2θ,
1(a) 2(cos  + i sin  ) ; 4, 2 ; 8,  (b) 1 – 3 i
where θ takes all values in the interval −  < θ <  . 3 3 3
2 2
(a) Show that the modulus of z is 2 cos θ and the argument of z is θ. [6] 3
2(a) – 1 + i ; – 3–i; 3–i
2 2
(b) Prove that the real part of 1 is constant. [3](J10)
z
3. 1 (1 ± 3 i) ; 1 ; –  , 
2 3 3
10. The equation 2x3 − x2 + 2x + 12 = 0 has one real root and two complex roots.
Showing your working, verify that 1 + i 3 is one of the complex roots. 4. 2 + i, –2 + i ; (a) 5 , 0.464 ; 5 , 2.68
State the other complex root. [4]
On a sketch of an Argand diagram, show the point representing the roots.. [2](J10) 5(a) OABC is a rhombus (b) 3 + 4 i 6(a) 2 , − 3 ; 2, 
5 5 4 2

11. The complex number u is defined by u = 6 − 3i . 8. 1 – i 3 , –1 – i 3 ; (b) 2, –  ; 2, – 2

1 + 2i 3 3

Find the modulus of u and show that the argument of u is −  . [4](J11) 10. 1 − i 3 11. 3 12(a) 5a – 10 i (b) −2
2 a2 + 4 a2 + 4

5 , where the constant a is real. 13. – 3 + i, – 3 – i ; 2 , 5 ; 2 , – 5

12. The complex number u is defined by u = 6 6
a + 2i
(a) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]

(b) Find the value of a for which arg(u*) = 3 , where u* denotes the
4
complex conjugate of u. [3](J11)

13. Find the roots of the equation z2 + 2 3 z + 4 = 0,

giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]
State the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
Verify that each root also satisfies the equation z6 = –64. [3](J11)

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