Group 4

Name : Nurul Huda Ahmad Hasibuan (8206112005)

Irma Juwita (8206112011) 
Arif Diniwan Putra (8206112003)
Major/Class : LTBI - B
Subject : Discourse Analysis
Date : May 08, 2021

summary: masukin intro (ringkas), method, and finding

The Journal Synthesis

No. Journal Identity Strength Weakness Journal Summary

1. Title: Implicatures in Judicial Take many No volume Introduction

Opinions references is good
for that No Publisher A widely debated question
Author: Marat Shardimgaliev in contemporary
For us, it is good jurisprudence is whether so
Publisher: Springer Journal because called conversational
the design is good implicatures are conveyed
Year: 2019
and put footnote reliably by legal authorities
DOI: too such as legislatures and
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196- courts when they engage in
018-09601 legal discourse implicatures
are pieces of information
that are communicated by
speakers implicitly or
indirectly, and, according to
the classical analysis that
was provided by the
philosopher of language Paul
Grice, they can be conveyed
because interlocutors expect
each other to cooperate in
conversation.

Method

1. The Arguments

The most prominent

proponent of a general
sceptical view concerning
implicatures in legal
language is Andrei Marmor.
To get a first overview, his
argument can be roughly
outlined as follows. the
argument continues, since
the communication of
implicated content depends
on the expectation of
cooperation, it is unreliable
whether implicatures are
communicated in legislation.

2. Critical Remarks

The problem about the

sceptics’ notion of
indeterminacy is that Grice
himself has already
identified indeterminacy as
one of the characteristic
features of implicatures and
therefore the sceptics’ claim
that implicatures are
indeterminate in legal
discourse does not establish
any difference between legal
discourse and ordinary
conversations, at least if we
assume that they have the
same notion of
indeterminacy in mind as
Grice.

Findings

1. Quantity

The category of quantity is

related to the amount of
information that must be
provided in a particular
conversational situation

2. Quality

The category of quality is

related to the notion of truth
and that maxims falling
under it instruct speakers to
say things they believe to be
true and for which they have
sufficient evidence.

2. Title: Conversational
implicature in children’s
comprehension of reference
Author: Sally Jackson
Publisher: Routledge
Volume: 48
Year: 2014
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637
75810937660
3. Relation
The relation implicature is
carried by the last sentence.
4. Manner
The category of manner
concerns the way how
something is said
The design is No show Introduction
good like References
newspaper online A PROMISING trend in
Confused where research on communicative
Add to list pages the list chapter development is the
increasingly unified
No show Abstract treatment given to speaking
and listening skills. Recent
No show
research has emphasized that
Introduction
competent speaking and
No show Finding competent listening depend
as clear on interlocking and mutually
dependent role requirements.
Specifically, a number of
recent studies have
concluded that speaking and
listening draw on a common
set of processes and skills,1
while emerging conceptions
of discourse organization
have stressed the
collaborative aspects of
message production and
creation of meaning.
Method
1. Subject
Twenty-one first-graders (10
girls, 11 boys) and nineteen
thirdgraders (7 girls, 12
boys) were recruited from
two predominantly middle
class.schools in Freeport,

3. Title: The Effect of
Interventionist Instructions of
English Conversational
Implicatures on Iranian EFL
Intermediate Level Learner’s
Pragmatic Competence
Development
Author: Shamila Ziashahabi, Ali
Akbar Jabbari, dan Mohammad
Hasan Razmi
Publisher:
Volume:
Year: 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186
X.2020.1840008
Illinois
2. Materials
The test stimuli consisted of
six nearly identical clown
pictures drawn on a single
large card
3. Procedures
Children were interviewed
individually during regular
school hours.
Findings
The design is No Volume Introduction
good
No Publisher For many years, learning a
This Jurnal made second language was defined
by almost good No show Finding in terms of individuals’
by the author mastery of grammatical and
structural properties of a
language. However,
attentions have been recently
directed towards the
achievement of
communicative, interactional
abilities, and pragmatic
competence (Kecskes, 2015;
Qi & Lai, 2017; Ziafar,
2018) which is defined as “
… the ability to
communicate appropriately
in a social context. Learning
how to use pragmatic
features adequately in a
particular setting is
paramount for language
users in order to achieve
communicative purposes
effectively.” (Beltrán-
Planques & Querol- Julián,
2018, p. 80).in some
conversational situations,
speakers may step away
from the intended purposes
and say something that they
do not mean literally.

In such cases, listeners are to

adopt some strategies to
infer the real intention of the
speakers

Method

1. Participants

A group of 63 intermediate
level female students,
ranging in age from 17 to 21
years (M = 18.96, SD =
1.35), studying English at a
language institute in Yazd
were selected based on the
availability of students and
their level of proficiency.

2. Instruments

As mentioned above, prior to

data collection, the
participants were given the
QOPT. The group
assignment was based on the
proficiency level screening.
Accordingly, the three
groups in this study were not
different in terms of level of
proficiency, F (2, 60) = .054,
p > .05.

3. Procedures

This study focused on the

effect of both explicit and
implicit interventionist
instructions on learners’
understanding of
conversational implicatures
and aimed at describing how

The Book Synthesis
No. Book Identity
1. Title: Implicature Within Legal
Language
Author: Izabela Skorczen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030125318
Language: English
Pages: 172
Publication date: 2019
2. Title: Implicature in Discourse:
The Case of Spanish NP
Anaphora
each of these strategies
would result in better
comprehension
4. Data Collection
This study was conducted in
a pre-test, post-test, and
delayed-post-test design.
The same test was
administered for the three
assessments (Appendix A).
Strength Weakness Journal Summary
The content of the No explain According to Grice, there
book is very good Implicature clearly exist two basic types of
for readers to read implicatures in language:
and conversational and
understandable conventional. The
definition of the latter is
controversial and has come
under considerable
criticism. Nevertheless, this
dispute is irrelevant for the
considerations laid out in
this study and I will not
discuss it. A conversational
implicature requires
reasoning based on the
context of an utterance; in
contrast, a conventional
implicature is supposed to
be intuitively grasped
without reference to the
context.
The content of the No explain In his approach to
book is very good implicature clearly anaphora, Huang (1991,
for readers to read 1994, 2000b) points out that
and implicatures of coreference
 Author: Sarah E. Blackwell
Publisher: John Benjamins
ISBN: 9789027296894
Language: English
Pages: 297/320
Publication date: 2003
3. Title: Irregulars Negatives,
Implicatures, and Idioms
Author: Wayne A. Davis
Publisher: Splinger
ISBN: 9789401775441
Language: English
Pages: 51 -81
Publication date: 2016
understandable must be consistent with
background knowledge.
Clark and Marshall’s
(1981) overarching notion
of mutual knowledge
subsumes Huang’s
background knowledge;
therefore, in Chapter 3, we
adopted available to the
interlocutors in a
conversational exchange.
‘mutual knowledge’ in
order to incorporate the
various sources of
knowledge
The content of the No explain The term implicature was
book is very good implicature clearly originally introduced by
for readers to read Grice ( 1975 : 24) as the
and name of a speech act:
understandable something speakers do by
uttering words. When we
say that the root of a
negation has an implicature,
however, we are applying
the term implicature to a
sentence.