Part of the Computer and Its Functions

Computer Case (also known as a "computer chassis", "cabinet", "box", "tower", "enclosure",
"housing", "base unit" or simply "case") is the enclosure that contains most of the components
of a computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse).

CPU The central processing unit processes all of the data that is accessed by the machine. In PCs
the CPU, or microprocessor, is a small silicon chip located beneath the fan.
RAM Random access memory, also known as main memory, provides a buffer between the hard
drive and central processing unit.

Hard Drive A hard drive provides permanent storage for the operating system, programs and
files on a machine.

Motherboard The motherboard is an underlying circuit board that holds all the computer
components together.

Power Supply Units The power supply unit converts AC power from your wall outlet to DC
power, usable by the computer internals, and controls power saving.

ROM or read-only memory is permanent, long-term, nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile means

is doesn't disappear when the computer is shut off. It also cannot be erased or changed in
anyway
Keyboard is a typewriter-style device, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as
mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape,
interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input device for computers.
Mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its
supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the user's hands,
with one or more buttons.

Computer Monitor, a screen that displays output from a computer.

Disk Drives A computer contains at least one disk drive. There are several types of drives,
including CD or DVD drives, floppy disk drives and hard disk drives. A hard disk drive is
usually the main storage drive on the computer, and stores data and programs that are loaded into
RAM for use. Some modern hard disk drives use large quantities of solid state memory and
contain no moving parts, however most are made of multiple disk platters that spin at a high rate
of speed to allow for faster data transfer.

Interface Cards Most computers allow for a variety of interface cards, which allow external
devices to input or read data from the computer. Examples of interface cards include video cards,
audio cards, network cards and modems. Modems are cards that allow data communication over
standard telephone lines. In many cases, a single interface card allows many devices to be used
on a single computer. A good example is a USB card, which allows many devices to send and
receive data from a computer. In the past, USB was implemented only on an interface card, but
many modern computers implement USB on the main board, thus negating the need for a card.

Calculating the circumference of a circle

The distance around a rectangle or a square is as you might remember called the perimeter. The distance around a circle on the other hand
is called the circumference (c).

A line that is drawn straight through the midpoint of a circle and that has its end points
on the circle border is called the diameter (d)

Half of the diameter, or the distance from the midpoint to the circle border, is called the
radius of the circle (r).

The circumference of a circle is found using this formula:

C=π⋅d

or

C=2π⋅r

Example

Find the circumference of the circle:

C=π⋅d

C=π⋅18
 C≈56.5in

Mean,Median,Mode and Range

Mean, median, and mode are three kinds of "averages".
There are many "averages" in statistics, but these are, I
think, the three most common, and are certainly the three
you are most likely to encounter in your pre-statistics
courses, if the topic comes up at all.

The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you

add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of
numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of
numbers. To find the median, your numbers have to be
listed in numerical order from smallest to largest, so you
may have to rewrite your list before you can find the
median. The "mode" is the value that occurs most often. If
no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for
the list.

The "range" of a list a numbers is just the difference

between the largest and smallest values.

Example
 • Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of values:

13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13

The mean is the usual average, so I'll add and then divide:

(13 + 18 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 16 + 14 + 21 + 13) ÷ 9 = 15

Note that the mean, in this case, isn't a value from the original list. This is a common result. You
should not assume that your mean will be one of your original numbers.

The median is the middle value, so first I'll have to rewrite the list in numerical order:

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

There are nine numbers in the list, so the middle one will be the (9 + 1) ÷ 2 = 10 ÷ 2 = 5th
number:

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

So the median is 14.

The mode is the number that is repeated more often than any other, so 13 is the mode.

The largest value in the list is 21, and the smallest is 13, so the range is 21 – 13 = 8.

mean: 15
median: 14
mode: 13
range: 8
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