BS 

EN ISO 21904‑4:2020

BSI Standards Publication

Health and safety in welding and allied

processes – Equipment for capture
and separation of welding fume

Part 4: Determination of the minimum air volume flow rate of capture devices
BS EN ISO 21904‑4:2020 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 21904‑4:2020.
It is identical to ISO 21904‑4:2020.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee WEE/40, Health and safety in welding.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2020
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2020
ISBN 978 0 580 99525 5
ICS 13.100; 25.160.30
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2020.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 21904‑4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2020

ICS 13.100; 25.160.30 Supersedes EN ISO 15012‑2:2008

English Version

Health and safety in welding and allied processes -

Equipment for capture and separation of welding fume
- Part 4: Determination of the minimum air volume flow
rate of capture devices (ISO 21904-4:2020)
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques
connexes - Équipements de captage et de
filtration des fumées - Partie 4: Détermination
du débit volumique minimal d'air des
dispositifs de captage (ISO 21904-4:2020)
Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz beim Schweißen
und bei verwandten Verfahren - Einrichtungen zum
Erfassen und Abscheiden von Schweißrauch - Teil
4: Bestimmen des Mindestluftvolumenstromes
von Absaugeinrichtungen (ISO 21904-4:2020)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 January 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21904‑4:2020: E
worldwide for CEN national Members
BS EN ISO 21904‑4:2020
EN ISO 21904‑4:2020 (E)

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21904‑4:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15012‑2:2008.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic
of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21904‑4:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN  ISO  21904‑4:2020 without any
modification.

ii
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ISO 21904‑4:2020


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Captor hoods, nozzles and slot nozzles......................................................................................................................................... 1
4.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
4.2 Apparatus..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 Test method................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.3.1 Test setup................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.3.2 Determination of the position of the entry and the measurement plane. ...................... 2
4.3.3 Procedure. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.4 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5 On-torch extraction devices. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Apparatus..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Test method................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
5.3.1 Test setup................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
5.3.2 Procedure. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5.4 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Annex A (informative) Additional information for on-torch extraction.......................................................................... 8
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.
org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC  44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 9, Health and safety.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Official interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page: https://
committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21904 series can be found on the ISO website.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 15012-2.

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Introduction
Welding and allied processes generate fume and gases, which, if inhaled, can be harmful to human
health. Control is often required to maintain exposure at acceptable levels and this can be achieved by
capturing the fume and gases using local exhaust ventilation.
For a particular capture device, the air velocity to capture welding fume can only be achieved by
applying a minimum air volume flow rate. Consequently, capture devices need to be used with exhaust
systems that provide, at least, the minimum air volume flow rate.

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 BS EN ISO 21904‑4:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21904‑4:2020

Health and safety in welding and allied processes –

Equipment for capture and separation of welding fume —
Part 4:
Determination of the minimum air volume flow rate of
capture devices

1 Scope
This document specifies two methods for establishing the minimum air volume flow rate. One method is
dedicated for use with captor hoods, nozzles and slot nozzles with a ratio of slot length to hose diameter
of 8:1 or less. The other method is dedicated for use with on-gun extraction devices.
These methods are not applicable to down draught tables.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 21904‑1:2020, Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Equipment for capture and
separation of welding fume — Part 1: General requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 21904‑1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

4 Captor hoods, nozzles and slot nozzles

4.1 Principle
Tests are performed to determine the minimum air volume flow rate to provide a suction field of given
dimensions and air velocity at a measured distance perpendicular to the entry plane of the hood. The
required velocity in the suction field as specified in ISO 21904‑1:2020, 5.2, and the required dimensions
are at least 1,5 D long and at least 1 D wide at a distance of 1,5 D, where D is the internal diameter of
the extraction duct. It can be achieved by the measurement described in 4.3 or by numerical simulation
(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD).

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4.2 Apparatus

4.2.1 Anemometer, non-directional, suitable for measuring air velocities in the range 0,2  m/s to
0,5 m/s with a maximum uncertainty of ±0,06 m/s and having a calibration that is traceable to national
standards if available.

4.2.2 Measure, suitable for measuring distances with an uncertainty of ±1 mm.

4.2.3 Equipment for measuring flow rates in ducts, pressure differential devices such as a venturi
nozzle or an orifice plate with an uncertainty of ±5 % are suitable. This is the most appropriate equipment
for measuring flow rates in ducts.

4.2.4 Equipment for generating an adjustable volume flow rate, e.g. a fan with a frequency
converter or an in-line valve.

4.3 Test method

4.3.1 Test setup

Position the hood or nozzle so that it is free standing and sited away from any obstructions. Ensure
that any disturbing air draughts in the immediate test area average less than 0,1  m/s in a 5-minute
test period.
The anemometer shall be moveable in the measurement plane.

4.3.2 Determination of the position of the entry and the measurement plane

Determine the position of the entry plane according to Figure 1.

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Key
1 duct
2 hood
3 measurement plane
4 entry plane
D internal diameter of the extraction duct

Figure 1 — Test setup

The measurement plane shall be parallel to and 1,5 D distant from the entry plane.

4.3.3 Procedure

Set up the capture device under the test conditions specified in 4.1 and set and record an air volume
flow rate. Ensure that the air volume flow rate remains constant throughout the test period.
Place the anemometer on the x-axis in the measurement plane and move it until the required velocity
specified in ISO 21904‑1 furthest along the x-axis is obtained. If the required velocity cannot be
measured, repeat the process using a higher air volume flow rate. If the required velocity can be
measured, record the position and then move the anemometer as shown in Figure  2 to establish a
similar position on the opposite side of the x-axis and record it. Calculate the distance between the two
positions recorded.
Repeat the procedure for the y-axis.
Each air velocity measurement shall be the average over a minimum period of 5 min. The logging
interval shall be a maximum of 5 s.

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Key
Lx distance between the measurement points on the x-axis, in cm
Ly distance between the measurement points on the y-axis, in cm
assumed shape of the area where v ≥ vt (the required velocity specified in ISO 21904‑1)

v air velocity

Figure 2 — Measurement plane

The distance between the measurement points on either the x- or the y-axis shall be at least 1,5 D. At
the same time, the distance between the measurement points on the other axis shall be at least 1 D. If
these requirements are not met, increase the air volume flow rate and repeat the procedure.
Conversely, if the distance between the measurement points is substantially more than the required
distance, reduce the air volume flow rate and repeat the procedure.

4.4 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:
a) a reference to this document, (i.e. ISO 21904‑4);
b) a description of the capture device tested, including details of:
— the manufacturer;
— the model number and, if appropriate, the serial number;
— the design, size, etc.;
c) details of the test carried out:
— the distance of the entry plane of the capture device to the measurement plane;
— the measuring equipment used;
d) the test results:
— the determined minimum air volume flow rate;
— the distances between the points where v equals the required velocity specified in ISO 21904‑1
was measured for each direction in centimeters;
e) any operation not specified in this document, or regarded as optional;

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f) name and address of the party which carries out the test;
g) the name(s) of person(s) responsible for the test(s);
h) the date(s) of the test(s); and
i) any inadvertent deviations, unusual occurrences, or other notable observations.

5 On-torch extraction devices

5.1 Principle
The minimum air volume flow rate at the connector, Qv,c, and the associated pressure, Δpc, able to
generate the minimum velocity at the welding fume emission point have to be determined. This induced
velocity is the main explanatory variable of the welding fume capture efficiency[1]. The most robust
method for evaluating this velocity is an indirect method of considering the flow extracted at the
nozzle, Qv,n, and the distance, L, separating the suction from the emission point of the welding fume.
Due to the high depression, leakage can occur in the system and mass flow rate at the connector could
be significantly different from the mass flow rate at the nozzle. The welding fume emission point is
fixed at 20 mm from the end of the contact tube. The distance, L, in metres, is measured from this point
to the furthest entry point of the suction.
Assuming a spherical iso-velocities distribution round the air inlet, the volume flow rate, Qv,n, to be
generated at the nozzle as per Formula (1):

Qv,n = vi ⋅4 πL2 (1)

where
  L is the distance from the welding fume emission point to the furthest entry point of the suction opening
in m (see Figure 3);
  Qv,n is the actual air volume flow rate at the nozzle in m3/s;
  vi is the target induced velocity in m/s.

 
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
L distance from the welding fume emission point to the furthest entry point of the suction opening in metres

Figure 3 — Nozzle

For information about risk of welding defect due to excessive capture volume flow rate, see A.1 and A.2.
For information on how to take into account the geographical altitude during the adjustment of the
depression, see A.3.

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5.2 Apparatus

5.2.1 Device for measuring static pressure, capable of measuring depression in the on-torch
extraction line with an uncertainty of measurement not exceeding ±1 % of the reading.

5.2.2 Device for measuring flow rate to an accuracy of ±5 % or better (e.g. according to ISO 5167).
The most appropriate equipment for measuring flow rates in ducts is a pressure differential device such
as a venturi nozzle or an orifice plate.

5.3 Test method

5.3.1 Test setup

Key
1 measurement point of the flow rate at the connector, Qv,c, and the depression, Δpc
2 device to permit flow rate measurement at the connector of the torch
3 connector between the torch and the extraction system
4 torch
5 measurement point of the flow rate at the nozzle, Qv,n
6 device to permit flow rate measurement at the nozzle
7 sealing
a Airflow.

Figure 4 — Test setup

5.3.2 Procedure

1) Measure the distance, L. For torches with a movable suction nozzle first move the nozzle to a
position giving the maximum value for the distance, L.

2) Calculate the actual volume flow rate, Qv,n, based on the target induced velocity Qv,n = vi ⋅4 πL2
3) Set the volume flow rate, Qv,n, at the nozzle. If the handle of the torch has a bypass valve, it has to be
closed during the test procedure.

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4) Measure the depression at the connector, Δpc,meas.

5) Measure the ambient pressure, pa (in hPa), and ambient temperature, Ta (in °C), in order to calculate
the ambient air density, ρa [see Formula (2)]:

273 , 15 pa
ρa = 1 , 292 (2)
273 , 15 +Ta 1 013 , 25
6) Calculate the depression, Δpc, that would be required for use the torch at an air density of
1,204 kg/m3 (sea level, 20°C), Δpc [see Formula (3)]:
1 , 204
∆pc = ∆pc,meas ⋅ (3)
ρa
7) If the value of Qv,n cannot be reached without exceeding the maximum value for depression at the
connector, Δpc, given in ISO 21904‑1, stop the test. The torch conception needs to be improved.
8) Measure the actual volume flow rate at connector, Qv,c.. If the volume flow rate is measured by way
of a mass flow rate, the density of air to convert it in a volume flow rate is as per Formula (4):

273 , 15 pa − pc,meas
ρc = 1 , 292 (4)
273 , 15 +Ta 1 013 , 25
NOTE It is assumed that the difference of the temperature at the connector and the ambient temperature, Ta,
is negligible.

5.4 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following:
a) a reference to this document (i.e. ISO 21904‑4);
b) name or trademark of the manufacturer;
c) make and model of the on-torch extraction torch;
d) name and address of the party which carries out the test;
e) dates of test, signature and name of the testing person;
f) description of the instrumentation, including its specification, calibration;
g) length of the hose between connector and torch;
h) the rated maximum amperage of the torch at 100 % of duty cycle;
i) target induced velocity (see ISO 21904‑1);
j) distance, L, for torches with movable suction nozzles the maximum distance has to be stated;
k) depression at connector, Δpc, to obtain Qv,n , expressed at an air density of 1,204 kg/m3 (sea
level, 20°C);
l) actual volume flow rate at nozzle, Qv,n, to obtain target induced velocity;
m) actual volume flow rate at connector, Qv,c .

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Annex A
(informative)

Additional information for on-torch extraction

A.1 Excessive capture air volume flow rate

Excessive air volume flow rate may cause shielding gas capture and induce welding defects. The
maximal useable value should be indicated by the manufacturer.
In most cases, the air volume flow rate related to an induced velocity of 0,4 m/s may be considered as a
limit for no defect risk.

A.2 Acceptable air volume flow rate

As the pressure p and the air volume flow rate, Q, are linked by the relation p = αQ2, one triplet [∆pc,
Qv,n, Qv,c] allows to determine the characteristics for other operation points. This information can be
communicated as Table A.1. In order to help the end user, the suitable zone, where the air volume flow
rate is sufficient to capture welding fume but not too high to induce defect, may be indicated in green.
This information is helpful when the user wants to use different models of torches on the same network.
An example is proposed below.

Table A.1 — Example of air volume flow rate characteristic

Induced Air volume flow Air volume flow Pressure at con‑ Comment
velocity rate at nozzle rate at connector nector
m/s m3/h m3/h kPa
0,20 33 58 3,2 Poor capture
0,25 41 73 5,0 Poor capture (acceptable <200 A)
0,3 49 88 7,2 Poor capture (acceptable <200 A)
0,35 57 102 9,8 OK
0,4 65 117 12,8 OK
0,45 73 131 16,2 Risk of weld defect
0,5 81 146 20,0 Risk of weld defect

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A.3 Effect of altitude

The higher the altitude, the less the torch requires depression to reach the required flow at the nozzle:
pc,user ( z ) = f ⋅∆pc . This factor is presented in Table A.2.

Table A.2 — Effect factor of altitude

Altitude, z Factor, f
m
0 1,00
250 0,97
500 0,94
750 0,91
1 000 0,89
1 250 0,86
1 500 0,83
1 750 0,81
2 000 0,78
2 250 0,76
2 500 0,74

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Bibliography

[1] Bonthoux F. Factors Affecting the Capture Efficiency of a Fume Extraction Torch for Gas Metal
Arc Welding. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2016, 60 pp. 761–770

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