Master of Business Administration

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"MBA" redirects here. For other uses, see MBA (disambiguation).

A Master of Business Administration (MBA; also Master's in Business

Administration) is a graduate degree focusing on business administration, investment
management, healthcare administration and psychology.[1] The core courses in an MBA
program cover various areas of business administration such
as accounting, healthcare, applied statistics, human resources, business
communication, business ethics, business law, strategic management, business
strategy, finance, psychology, managerial
economics, management, entrepreneurship, marketing, supply-chain management,
and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and
strategy. It originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country
industrialized and companies sought scientific management.[2]
Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a
particular area, for example, accounting, finance, marketing, and human resources.
MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to
sixty credits (sixty to ninety in a quarter system), much higher than the thirty credits
(thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system) typically required for degrees that cover some
of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of
Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.
The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.[3][4] Accreditation bodies
specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education. Business
schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time, part-
time, executive (abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends)
and distance learning students, many with specialized concentrations.
The "Executive MBA", or EMBA, is a degree program similar to a MBA program, but is
specifically structured for and targeted towards corporate executives and senior
managers who are already in the workforce.[1]

Contents

 1History
 2Accreditation
o 2.1United States
o 2.2Other countries
 3Programs
 4Admissions criteria
 5Content
o 5.1Exit examination
 6Honor societies
 7Careers
 8Europe
o 8.1History
o 8.2Bologna Accord
o 8.3Accreditation standards
o 8.4Austria
o 8.5Czech Republic
o 8.6Finland
o 8.7France and French-speaking countries
o 8.8Germany
o 8.9Italy
o 8.10Poland
o 8.11Portugal
o 8.12Spain
o 8.13Switzerland
o 8.14Ukraine
o 8.15United Kingdom
 9Africa
o 9.1Nigeria
o 9.2South Africa
o 9.3Ghana
o 9.4Kenya
 10Asia-Pacific
o 10.1Bangladesh
o 10.2India
o 10.3Malaysia
o 10.4Singapore
o 10.5Japan
o 10.6Pakistan
o 10.7Australia
o 10.8New Zealand
o 10.9South Korea
o 10.10China
 11Program rankings
 12Criticism
 13See also
o 13.1Related graduate business degrees
 13.1.1Executive
 13.1.2Doctoral
 14References
 15Further reading
 16External links

History[edit]
The first school of business in the United States was The Wharton School of
the University of Pennsylvania established in 1881 through a donation from Joseph
Wharton[4]. In 1900, the Tuck School of Business was founded at Dartmouth
College[5] conferring the first advanced degree in business, specifically, a Master of
Science in Commerce, the predecessor to the MBA. [6]
The Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration established the first MBA
program in 1908, with 15 faculty members, 33 regular students and 47 special students.
[7][8]
 Its first-year curriculum was based on Frederick Winslow Taylor’s scientific
management. The number of MBA students at Harvard increased quickly, from 80 in
1908, over 300 in 1920, and 1,070 in 1930. [9] At this time, only American universities
offered MBAs. Other countries preferred that people learn business on the job. [9]
Other milestones include:

 1930: First management and leadership education program for executives and mid-
career experienced managers (the Sloan Fellows Program at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology).[10][11]
 1943: First Executive MBA (EMBA) program for working professionals at the University
of Chicago Booth School of Business.[12][non-primary source needed] Chicago was also the first business
school to establish permanent campuses on three continents in Chicago (USA), Barcelona
(Europe), and Singapore (Asia). Most business schools today offer a global component to
their executive MBA. Since the program was established, the school has moved its
campuses and is now based in Chicago, London, and Hong Kong.
 1946: First MBA focused on global management at Thunderbird School of Global
Management.[13][non-primary source needed]
 1950: First MBA outside of the United States, in Canada (Ivey Business School at The
University of Western Ontario),[14] followed by the University of Pretoria in South Africa in
1951.[15]
 1953: First MBA offered at an Asian school at the Indian Institute of Social Welfare &
Business Management (IISWBM) in Calcutta. [16]
 1957: First MBA offered at a European school (INSEAD).[17]
 1963: First MBA program offered in the Spanish-speaking world by ESAN- Graduate
School of Business in Perú (South America), under the direction of the Stanford Graduate
School of Business, United States. Sponsored by the USAID- United States Agency for
International Development, at the request of former President John F. Kennedy, which
organizes the main business schools in the United States to study and explore the
possibilities of developing management education projects in Latin America. Thus, on July
25, 1963, la Escuela de Administración de Negocios para Graduados-ESAN was founded,
within the framework of an agreement between the governments of Peru and the United
States to offer the Master's program in Business Administration for interested applicants
from all over Latin America. [18]
 1963: First MBA offered in Korea by Korea University Business School (KUBS).[19][non-primary
source needed]

 1986: First MBA program requiring every student to have a laptop computer in the
classroom at the Roy E. Crummer Graduate School of Business at Rollins College (Florida).
[20]
 Beginning with the 1992–1993 academic year, Columbia Business School required all
incoming students to purchase a laptop computer with standard software, becoming the first
business school to do so.[21][22]
 1994: First online executive MBA program at Athabasca University (Canada).[23][non-primary source
needed]
The MBA degree has been adopted by universities worldwide in both developed and
developing countries.[24]

Accreditation