8/6/2020

BUILDING MATERIALS
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1

AR. NIKKO D. CASAS

UC-CEA

16 DIVISION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

(CSI MASTERFORMAT)
0 - Contract and Bid 8 - Doors and Windows
information
9 -Finishes
1 - Scope of Work and
Procedures 10 - Specialties
2 - Site Construction 11 - Equipment
3 - Concrete 12 - Furnishings
4 - Masonry 13 - Special Construction
5 - Metals 14 - Conveying Systems
6 - Wood and Plastics 15 - Mechanical Systems
7 - Thermal and Moisture 16 - Electrical Systems
Protection

1
 8/6/2020

DIVISION 5
METALS

METALS
Any of a class of elementary substance (gold, silver, copper, etc.), all of
crystalline when solid and many of which are characterized by opacity,
ductility, conductivity and a unique luster when freshly manufactured

2 TYPES OF METALS
1. Ferrous Metals
2. Non-Ferrous Metals

2
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS
A metal containing iron (Fe) as a
principal element

NON-FERROUS METALS
A metal containing little or no iron

3
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS
1. IRON
a malleable, ductile, magnetic,
silver white metallic element

FERROUS METALS - IRON

• PIG IRON
crude iron that is drawn from
blast furnace and cast into pigs in
preparation for conversion into cast
iron, wrought iron or steel

4
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS - IRON

• CAST IRON
a hard, brittle, non-malleable
iron-based alloy containing 2.0%-
4.5% carbon and 0.5%-3.0% silicon,
cast in a sand mold and machined to
make building products

FERROUS METALS - IRON

• WROUGHT IRON
a though, malleable,
relatively soft iron that is readily
forged and welded, having a fibrous
structure containing approximately
0.2% carbon and a small amount of
uniformly distributed slag

5
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS
2. STEEL
any various iron-
based alloy having a carbon
content less than that of
cast iron and more than
that of wrought iron

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

• CARBON STEEL
ordinary unalloyed steel in
which the residual elements, as
carbon, manganese, phosphorus,
sulfur and silicone are controlled

6
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

CARBON STEEL
• Mild steel - a low-carbon steel • Medium steel – a carbon steel
containing carbon of 0.15% to containing carbon of 0.25% to
0.25% 0.40%

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

CARBON STEEL
• Hard steel - high a carbon steel • Spring steel - high a carbon steel
containing carbon of 0.45% to containing carbon of 0.85% to
0.85% 1.80%

7
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

• ALLOY STEEL
carbon steel to which various
elements such as chromium, cobalt,
copper, manganese, molybdenum,
nickel, tungsten or vanadium, have
been added in sufficient amount to
obtain particular physical or
chemical properties

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

ALLOY STEEL
• Stainless steel – an alloy containing a minimum of 12% of chromium
sometimes with nickel, manganese or molybdenum as additional
alloying element

8
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS - STEEL

ALLOY STEEL
• Stainless steel grade
Grade 304 stainless steel is
the most common type used in the
construction industry

FERROUS METALS
3. ZINC
a ductile, crystalline, bluish
white metallic element used for
galvanizing iron and steel and in
making other alloys

9
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS - ZINC

GALVANIZATION - Galvanization or
galvanizing is the process of applying
a protective zinc coating to steel or
iron, to prevent rusting. The most
common method is hot-dip
galvanizing, in which the parts are
submerged in a bath of molten hot
zinc

FERROUS METALS
4. CHROMIUM
a lustrous, hard, brittle metallic
element used in alloy steels for
hardness and corrosion resistance,
and for electroplating other metals

10
 8/6/2020

FERROUS METALS
5. TIN
a lustrous, low-,melting, bluish
white metallic element that is
malleable and ductile at ordinary
temperatures and used in plating and
in making alloys and soft solders

NON-FERROUS METALS
1. ALUMINUM
a ductile, malleable, silver-
white metallic element that is used in
forming many hard, light alloys, often
anodized for better corrosion
resistance, color and surface
hardness.

11
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
2. COPPER
a ductile, malleable, reddish-
brown metallic element that is an
excellent conductor of heat and
electricity, and is widely used for
electrical wiring, water piping and
in the manufacture of alloys as
bronze and brass.

NON-FERROUS METALS
3. LEAD
a heavy, soft, malleable, bluish-
gray metallic element used in the
solder and radiation shielding

12
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
4. BRASS
any of various alloy consisting
essentially of copper and zinc.

NON-FERROUS METALS
5. BRONZE
Traditionally, any of various
alloys consisting essentially of
copper and tin, and sometimes
traces of other metals

13
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
6. ANTIMONY
a brittle, crystalline, silvery-
white metallic element used
chiefly in alloys

NON-FERROUS METALS
7. CADMIUM
a white, ductile metallic element,
resembling tin, used in plating and
making certain alloys

14
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
8. CARBIDE
a very hard material of carbon and
one or more heavy metals, as tungsten
carbide, used for cutting edges and dies

NON-FERROUS METALS
9. MAGNESIUM
a light, ductile, silver-white
metallic element used in lightweight
alloys

15
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
10. MANGANESE
a hard, brittle metallic element
used chiefly as an alloying element to
increase the hardness and toughness
of steel

NON-FERROUS METALS
11. NICKEL
a hard, silvery-white, malleable
and ductile metallic element, used in
steel and cast iron alloys and in
electroplating metals which requires
corrosion resistance

16
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
12. SILICON
a non-metallic element having
amorphous or crystalline forms used
especially in electronic devices to
strengthen low-alloy steels

NON-FERROUS METALS
13. TUNGSTEN
a heavy, brittle, gray-white metallic
element having a high melting point and
used in electrical elements and for
hardening alloys

17
 8/6/2020

NON-FERROUS METALS
14. VANADIUM
a malleable, ductile, grayish
metallic element used in forming alloys

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

1. W Shape

2. M Shape

3. HP Shape

4. S Shape

18
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

W Shape
a hot-rolled structural steel
section having a H-Shape with
wide parallel flanges, designated
with the prefix “W” followed by
the size and height of the member.
Also called Wide Flange

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

M Shape
a hot-rolled structural steel
section similar but not classified as
a W shape, designated by the
prefix “M” followed by the size and
height of the member

19
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

HP Shape
a hot-rolled structural steel
section similar to W shape but
having flanges and web of equal
thickness and typically used as a
load bearing pile, designated by
the prefix “HP” followed by the
size and height of the member

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

S Shape
a hot-rolled structural steel
section having an I shape with
sloped inner flanges, designated
by the prefix “S” followed by the
size and height of the member.
Also called American Standard
Beam or I-beam

20
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

COLD (FORMED) ROLLED
descriptive of a metal that
has been formed by rolling at a
room temperature, usually to
obtain desired form or to improve
surface finish or higher tensile
strength

STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

HOT ROLLED
descriptive of a metal
obtained by rolling the metal while
still hot; results in dark, oxidized,
relatively rough surface

21
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

1. CHANNEL (C)
a hot rolled structural steel
section having a rectangular C
shape with sloped inner flange
surfaces, designated by the prefix
“C” followed by the size and
weight of the member. Also called
C-Channel

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

2. ANGLE (L)
a hot rolled structural steel
section having an L shape,
designated by the prefix “C”
followed by the length of each leg
and thickness. Also called Angle
Bar

22
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

3. STRUCTURAL TEE (T)
a structural steel section cut
from a W, S or M shape and having
a T shape. It is designated by the
prefix “WT, ST or MT” depending
on the section from which it is
obtained, followed by the size and
weight of the member. Also called
T-bar

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

4. ZEE (Z)
a rolled metal bar having a
Z-shaped cross section with
internal right angles. Also called Z-
bar

23
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

5. BAR
a long, solid piece of metal having a square, rectangular or round
cross sectional shape

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

6. STUCTURAL TUBING
a hallow structural steel
shape of square, rectangular or
circle cross section. Designated
by the prefix “TS” followed by
the side dimensions or diameter
and the wall thickness.

24
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

6. STUCTURAL TUBING
Wall thickness is determined by
the unit “Schedule”
• Schedule 20 (S20), thin wall
• Schedule 40 (S40), thick wall

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

7. WELDED WIRE FABRIC
a grid of longitudinal and
transverse steel wires or bars
welded together at all points of
intersections, usually specified by
the size of the grid in inches and
the wire gauge. Also called Welded
Wire Mesh or Steel Matting

25
 8/6/2020

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

8. WOVEN WIRE FABRIC
a mesh of cold-drawn steel
wires mechanically twisted
together to form a hexagonally
shaped openings

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

9. DEFORMED (REINFORCING) BAR
a hot rolled with surface
deformations to develop a greater
bond with concrete. The bar used in
reinforcing concrete. Also called
Rebar

26
 8/6/2020

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

BAR IDENTIFICATION MARKS FOR STEEL TYPE

• S – for billet (A615)

• N – for new billet (A615)
• R – for rail (ASTM A617)
• I – for rail (A616)
• A – for axle (A617)
• W – for low alloy (A706)

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

BAR IDENTIFICATION MARKS FOR STEEL TYPE

• S – for billet (A615)

• N – for new billet (A615)
• R – for rail (ASTM A617)
• I – for rail (A616)
• A – for axle (A617)
• W – for low alloy (A706)

27
 8/6/2020

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

GRADES, SPECIFIED YEILD POINT, COLOR CODE
• Grade 33 – 33,000 psi – WHITE
used for small constructions, bungalow or 2 storey houses

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

GRADES, SPECIFIED YEILD POINT, COLOR CODE
• Grade 40 – 40,000 psi – YELLOW
used for low-rise to medium-rise constructions

28
 8/6/2020

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

GRADES, SPECIFIED YEILD POINT, COLOR CODE
• Grade 60 – 60,000 psi - GREEN
for high-rise buildings and heavy construction

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

GRADES, SPECIFIED YEILD POINT, COLOR CODE
• RED - WELDABLE

29
 8/6/2020

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

DEFORMED BAR DETAILS

PHILIPPINE STANDARD REINFORCING BAR SIZES
SIZE DESIGNATION SECTIONAL AREA WEIGHT (kg/m)
(mm2)
6mm (1/4”) #2 28.27 0.222
10mm (2/8”) #3 78.54 0.606
12mm (1/2”) #4 113.10 0.888
16mm (5/8”) #5 201.10 13579
20mm (3/4”) #6 314.20 2.466
25mm (1”) #8 491.90 3.854
28mm (1 1/8”) #9 615.75 4.833
32mm (1 ¼”) #10 804.25 6.313
36mm (1 3/8”) #11 1017.90 7.991

Available lengths: 6.0m, 7.5m, 9.0m, 10.5m and 12.0m

30