A 67-year-old man was delivered to a cardiology department with complaints of periodical

pains in his heart, dyspnea caused by even slight exertion, cyanosis and edemas. ECG shows
additional excitations of heart ventricles. Name this type of rhythm disturbance:
A. Extrasystole B. Bradycardia C. Tachycardia D. Flutter E. Fibrillation

A 44-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice has been admitted to a hospital with the
symptoms of cholemic syndrome. On the ECG arrhythmia shows up. What kind of arrhythmia is
the patient most likely to have?

A. Sinus bradycardia B. Sinus tachycardia C. Atrial premature contraction D. Ventricular

premature contraction E. Atrioventricular block

ECG of a 46-year-old patient shows an increase in the QRS duration. This might be caused by:

A. Increased ventricular activation time B. Conduction disturbances in the AV node C. Increased

atrial excitability D. Increased atrial and ventricular excitability E. Increased atrial activation
time

ECG analysis of the patient shows that the T waves are positive in the second standard limb
lead and their amplitude and duration is normal. The conclusion can be made that the following
process occurs normally in the patient’s ventricles:
A. Repolarization B. Depolarization C. Excitation D. Contraction E. Relaxation

A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with

convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial
contractions are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions 25-30/min. Name the type of
arrhythmia in this case:

A. Complete atrioventricular block B. First-degree atrioventricular block C. Second-degree

atrioventricular block D. Intraatrial block E. Intraventricular block
The patient’s ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are
positive, their amplitude is 0,1 mV (norm is 0,05-0,25 mV), duration 0,1 seconds (norm is 0,07-
0,10 seconds). It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac
atria:
A. Depolarization B. Repolarization C. Activation D. Contraction E. Relaxation
A patient has the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifted to the left. What blood changes
induce this condition?
A.Alkalosis, hypocapnia, temperature drop B. Acidosis, hypercapnia, temperature rise C.
Acidosis, hypercapnia, temperature drop D. Acidosis, hypocapnia, temperature rise

A patient with diabetes developed a diabetic coma due to the acid-base imbalance. Specify the
kind of this imbalance:
A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Gaseous alkalosis E. Non-
gaseous alkalosis

A patient with respiratory failure has blood pH of 7,35. pCO2 test revealed hypercapnia. Urine
pH test revealed an increase in the urine acidity. What form of acid-base imbalance is the case?
A. Compensated respiratory acidosis B. Compensated metabolic acidosis C. Decompensated
metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis E. Decompensated respiratory alkalosis

A hypertensive patient had been keeping to a salt-free diet and taking antihypertensive drugs
together with hydrochlorothiazide for a long time. This resulted in electrolyte imbalance. What
disorder of the internal environment occurred in the patient?
A. Hypochloremic alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypermagnesemia E.
Increase in circulating blood volume

An infant has pylorospasm, weakness, hypodynamia, convulsions asKrok1Medicine2012 14

a result of frequent vomiting. What kind of acid-base disbalance is it?
A. Excretory alkalosis B. Excretory acidosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Exogenous nongaseous
acidosis
E. Gaseous alkalosis

After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of diarrhea. On the next
day he presented with decreased arterial pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole. Blood pH is 7,18.
These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
A. Nongaseous acidosis B. Gaseous acidosis C. Nongaseous alkalosis D. Gaseous alkalosis E.
Metabolic alkalosis

A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base
imbalance will be observed in the patient?
A. Nongaseous acidosis B. Gaseous acidosis C. Nongaseous alkalosis D. Gaseous alkalosis E.
There will be no acid-base imbalances

A 39-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes was hospitalized in a precomatose state
for diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition had been caused by an increase in the following
metabolite level:
A. Acetoacetate B. Citrate C. Alpha-ketoglutarate D. Malonate E. Aspartate