Chapter 2 Lesson 5 7

M.A.C.
Valencia
2.5. Integrating Factor Determined by Inspection

This method is used if there are integrable combinations in the given differential
equations. The following are some of the integrable combinations which may be
present in the differential equations:
a. d(x,y) = xdy+ydx
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥𝑑𝑦
b. 𝑑 (𝑦) = 𝑦2
𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
c. 𝑑 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
d. 𝑑 (𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
1 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
e. 𝑑 (2 𝑙𝑛 (𝑥−𝑦)) = 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
f. 𝑑 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥2
𝑥2 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
g. 𝑑 ( 𝑦 ) = 𝑦2
Steps in solving differential equations using some integrable combinations:
1. Look for possible integrable combination in the equation.

2. Separate the integrable combination from the other terms. Make it sure that
the said other terms are in one variable only.
3. Integrate both sides of the equation.
EXAMPLE 1
Solve xdy-ydx=(y2-3)dy.
Solution:
References:
1. Elementary Differential Equation by Bedient & Rainville
2. A First Course in DE with Modeling Applications by Dennis G. Zill
3. Elementary Differential Equation by Ricardo Asin
4. Elementary Differential Equation by Dela Fuente & Feliciano & Uy
5. Applied DE by Murray & Spiegel
1
M.A.C.Valencia
EXAMPLE 2
Solve 2xydx+y2dy=x2dy when x=0, y=2
Solution:
References:
2
M.A.C.Valencia
EXAMPLE 3
Solve ydx+(x+x3y2)dy=0.
Solution:
ydx + (x+ x3y2)dy = 0

1
[ydx + xdy + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 dy = 0 ]
𝑥3𝑦3
ydx+ xdy 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
𝑥3𝑦3 𝑦
ydx+ xdy 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
(𝑥𝑦)3 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
∫(𝑥𝑦)−3 ( ydx + xdy) + ∫ =0
𝑦
𝑢𝑛+1
Let u = xy, then use ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛+1
(𝑥𝑦)−2
+ ln 𝑦 = 𝑐 ➔ General Solution
−2
EXAMPLE 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑦−𝑥𝑦 2 −𝑥 3
Solve 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑥 2𝑦+𝑦 3.
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦−𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑦+ 𝑦 3
𝑑𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 = (𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 2 3) 2
𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 - 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0
1
𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑦𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 2 +𝑥 2
𝑥𝑑𝑦− 𝑦𝑑𝑥
∫ + ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 0
𝑦 2 +𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑦2 𝑥2
Arctan(𝑥 ) + +2 = 𝑐
2
𝑦
2arctan(𝑥 ) + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑐 ➔ General Solution
2.6. First-Order Linear Differential Equation (FOLDE)

Standard Form:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑄(𝑥) or + +𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 where P and Q are both functions of x
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution to linear equations of the first order from the standard form
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑄(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
References:
3
M.A.C.Valencia
𝑑𝑦
[𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑃(𝑥) − 𝑄(𝑥) = 0]dx
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑄(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
[𝑦𝑃(𝑥) − 𝑄(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
M= [𝑦𝑃(𝑥) − 𝑄(𝑥)] N=1
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= 𝑃(𝑥) =0
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
Using case 1 of non-exact
1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
f(x) = 𝑁 ( 𝜕𝑦 − )
𝜕𝑥
f(x) = 1 ( P(x) – 0)
f(x) = P(x)
I.F ϕ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
ϕ = 𝒆∫ 𝑷(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
multiply ϕ to the reduced standard form
ϕy P(x)dx - ϕ Q(x)dx + ϕ dy = 0
y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 P(x)dx – 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 Q(x)dx + 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 P(x)dx + 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 Q(x)dx
∫ 𝑑[y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ] = ∫ 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑄(𝑥)dx
y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑄(𝑥)dx

ϕy = ∫ 𝛟𝐐(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 + 𝐜 SOLUTION
For the form

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑥𝑃(𝑦) = 𝑄(𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
The solution is
Φx = ∫ 𝛟𝐐(𝐲)𝐝𝐲 + 𝐜 where ϕ = 𝒆∫ 𝑷(𝒚)𝒅𝒚

STEPS:
1. Put the equation into standard form
2. Obtain the integrating factor
3. Multiply the integrating factor to the equation in its standard form
4. Solve the resultant exact equation. Note that in integrating the exact equation,
the integral of the left number of the equation is always the product or the
dependent variable and the integrating factor.
References:
4
M.A.C.Valencia
EXAMPLE 1
Solve 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥
Solution:
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
[𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥] 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
+ 𝑥 = 𝑥3 − 3
𝑑𝑥
Arrange the equation into its standard form

𝑑𝑦 1
+ (𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
P(x) = 𝑥 Q(x)= 𝑥 3 − 3
ϕ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1
ϕ = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
ϕ = 𝑒 ln 𝑥
ϕ=x
The solution is
ϕy = ∫ ϕQ(x)dx + c
xy = ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 3 − 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
xy = ∫(𝑥 4 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝒙 𝟑𝒙𝟐
xy = 𝟓 − + 𝒄 ➔ General Solution
𝟐
EXAMPLE 2
𝑑𝑥
Solve t 𝑑𝑡 = 6𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 + x(2t − 1)
Solution:
𝑑𝑥
t 𝑑𝑡 = 6𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 + x(2t − 1)
𝑑𝑥 1
[t 𝑑𝑡 = 6𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 + x(2t − 1)] 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 x(2t −1)
[ = 6𝑒 2𝑡 + ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 x(2t −1)
− = 6𝑒 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑡
1 1
𝑃(𝑡) = − (2 − 𝑡 ) = −2 Q(t) = 6𝑒 2𝑡
𝑡
References:
5
M.A.C.Valencia
Φ= 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
1
−2)𝑑𝑡
Φ = 𝑒 ∫( 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
∫( 𝑡 −2𝑑𝑡)
Φ=𝑒
Φ = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑡
Φ = 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡
The solution is
Φx = ∫ ϕQ(t)dt + c
𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 ( 6𝑒 2𝑡 )dt + c

𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑥 = ∫ 6𝑡 dt + c
( 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑥 = (3𝑡 2 + 𝑐) ) 𝑒 2𝑡
xt = (𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝒄) 𝒆𝟐𝒕 ➔ General Solution
EXAMPLE 3
Solve (sin2Ɵ − 2𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)dƟ = 2𝑑𝑝.

Solution:
(sin2Ɵ − 2𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)dƟ = 2𝑑𝑝

2𝑑𝑝 1
((sin2Ɵ − 2𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)= )
𝑑Ɵ 2
[𝑠𝑖𝑛2Ɵ] 𝑑𝑝
− 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ=
2 𝑑Ɵ
𝑑𝑝 1
+ 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = sin2Ɵ
𝑑Ɵ 2
where sin2Ɵ = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ
𝑑𝑝 1
+ 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = 2 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)
𝑑Ɵ
𝑑𝑝
+ 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ
𝑑Ɵ
where P(Ɵ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ Q(Ɵ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ

So, Ɵ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(Ɵ)𝑑Ɵ
Ɵ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(Ɵ)𝑑Ɵ
Ɵ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(Ɵ)𝑑Ɵ
The solution is
Ɵ𝑝 = ∫ ϕQ(Ɵ) + c
𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ
𝑝𝑒 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ) + 𝑐
where u = 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ dv= 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ𝑑Ɵ

du = 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ𝑑Ɵ v = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ
p𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ - ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ 𝑑Ɵ

p𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏Ɵ = 𝒔𝒊𝒏Ɵ𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏Ɵ - 𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏Ɵ + 𝒄 ➔ General Solution
References:
6
M.A.C.Valencia
2.7. Bernoulli Equation
Standard form of the Bernoulli Equation

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑛 𝑄(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 0 linear DE
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 1 variable separable
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 ≠ 0 𝑜𝑟 1 Bernoulli Equation
Solution of Bernoulli Equation:
dy
+ P(x)y = y n Q(x)
dx
Divide the equation by y n
1 dy P(x)y
+ yn−1 = Q(x)
yn dx
1
let z = = y1−n
yn−1
dz = (1 − n)y (1−n)−1dy
dz = (1 − n)y −n dy
Divide the equation by dx
dz dy
= (1 − n)y −n dx
dx
dy dz yn
= dx
dx 1−n
dy yn dz
=
dx 1−n dx
1 dy P(x)
Substitute to yn dx + = Q(x)
yn−1
1 dz
1−n dx
+ P(x)z = Q(x) multiply by (1-n)
dz
+ (1 − n)P(x)z = (1 − n)Q(x)
dx
let (1 − n)P(x) = Pr(x)
(1 − n)Q(x) = Qr(x)
dz
+ Pr(x) z = Qr(x)
dx
The solution is
Φz = ∫ ϕ Qr(x) dx + c
Φ = e∫ Pr(x)dx
z = y1−n
Similarly, for a Bernoulli Equation having x as the dependent variable:

dx
+ P(y)x = x n Q(y)
dy
The solution is
Φz = ∫ ϕ Qr(y) dy + c
References:
7
M.A.C.Valencia
where Φ = e∫ Pr(y)dy
z = x1−n
Pr(y) = (1 − n)P(y)
Qr(y) = (1 − n)Q(y)
EXAMPLE 1
Solve 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0
Solution:
2𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0

1
[2𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0]
2𝑥𝑑𝑥
Write the equation in its standard form.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥+1) 3𝑦 3
− + =0
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥+1) 3𝑦 3
− =− 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
where n = 3, 1-n = -2
−(𝑥+1)
P(x) = 2𝑥
−3
Q(x) = 𝑥
Let z = 𝑦1−𝑛
z = 𝑦 −2
−(𝑥+1) 1
Pr(x) = (1-n)P(x) = (-2)( 2𝑥 ) = (1 + 𝑥)
Qr(x) = (1-n) Q(x)
−3
= -2( 𝑥 )
6
=𝑥
Φ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑟(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑒 ∫(1+𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥+𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥
= 𝑒𝑥𝑥
The solution is
Φz = ∫ ϕQr(𝑥)dx + c
1 6
𝑒 𝑥 𝑥((𝑦 2) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 (𝑥) dx + c
𝑒 𝑥𝑥
( 𝑦 2 ) = ∫ 6𝑒 𝑥 dx + c
𝑒 𝑥𝑥
( 𝑦 2 = 6𝑒 𝑥 + c )
𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 = 6𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 2 + c𝑦 2 ➔ GENERAL SOLUTION
References:
8
M.A.C.Valencia
EXAMPLE 2
2𝑥𝑑𝑦
Solve dx + = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 dy.
𝑦
Solution:
2𝑥𝑑𝑦
dx + = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2dy
𝑦
2𝑥𝑑𝑦 1
[dx + = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 dy] 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
+ = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
2
where 𝑃(𝑦) = Q(y) = 2𝑦 2
𝑦
𝑛=2 1 − 𝑛 = −1
So,
z = 𝑥1−𝑛
z = 𝑥 −1
1
z=𝑥
Pr(y) = (1-n)P(y) Qr(y) = (1-n)Q(y)

2
= -1 ( 𝑦 ) = -1(2𝑦 2 )
2
= −𝑦 = -2𝑦 2
Φ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑟(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
2
∫ − 𝑑𝑦
Φ= 𝑒 𝑦
Φ = 𝑒 −2 ln 𝑦
Φ = 𝑦 −2
1
Φ = 𝑦2
The solution is
Φz = ∫ ϕQr(𝑦)dy + c
1 1 1
( ) = ∫ 𝑦 2 (-2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 +c
𝑦2 𝑥
1
= -2y + c ➔ General Solution
𝑥𝑦 2
EXAMPLE 3
Solve 2ydx + x (x2 lny – 1) dy =0.
Solution:
2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
1
[2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0]
2𝑦𝑑𝑦
References:
9
M.A.C.Valencia
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 2 ln 𝑦−1)
+ =0
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦−1
+ =0
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦 𝑥
+ − =0
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦
− =−
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦
−1 − ln 𝑦
where P(y) = 2𝑦 Q(y) = 2𝑦
n=3 1-n = -2
z = x 1-n = x-2
1
z = 𝑥2
So,
Pr(y) = (1-n) P(y) Qr(y) = (1-n) Q(y)
−1 − ln 𝑦
= -2 2𝑦 = -2 2𝑦
1 ln 𝑦
=𝑦 = 𝑦
Φ = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑟(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦
Φ= 𝑒 𝑦
Φ = 𝑒 ln 𝑦
Φ= 𝑦
The solution is
Φz = ∫ ϕQr(𝑦)dy + c
𝑦 ln 𝑦
2
= ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑦
𝑦
= ∫ ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑥2
𝑦
= 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐 ➔ General Solution
𝑥2
References:
10

Chapter 2 Lesson 5 7

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Chapter 2 Lesson 5 7

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M.A.C.

2.5. Integrating Factor Determined by Inspection

Steps in solving differential equations using some integrable combinations:

1. Look for possible integrable combination in the equation.

Solve 2xydx+y2dy=x2dy when x=0, y=2

ydx + (x+ x3y2)dy = 0

𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

2.6. First-Order Linear Differential Equation (FOLDE)

y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 P(x)dx – 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 Q(x)dx + 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 P(x)dx + 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 Q(x)dx

∫ 𝑑[y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ] = ∫ 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑄(𝑥)dx

y𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑄(𝑥)dx

For the form

Φx = ∫ 𝛟𝐐(𝐲)𝐝𝐲 + 𝐜 where ϕ = 𝒆∫ 𝑷(𝒚)𝒅𝒚

Arrange the equation into its standard form

𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 ( 6𝑒 2𝑡 )dt + c

Solve (sin2Ɵ − 2𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)dƟ = 2𝑑𝑝.

(sin2Ɵ − 2𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ)dƟ = 2𝑑𝑝

where P(Ɵ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ Q(Ɵ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ

where u = 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ dv= 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ𝑑Ɵ

p𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ - ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ 𝑑Ɵ

2.7. Bernoulli Equation

Standard form of the Bernoulli Equation

Solution of Bernoulli Equation:

Divide the equation by dx

Similarly, for a Bernoulli Equation having x as the dependent variable:

Solve 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0

2𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0

Write the equation in its standard form.

Pr(y) = (1-n)P(y) Qr(y) = (1-n)Q(y)

Solve 2ydx + x (x2 lny – 1) dy =0.

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