‫جامعة االزهـــــــــر‬

‫كليــــة الهندســــــــــــــة‬
‫المشروع البحثي لمواد الترم الثاني‬
‫العام الجامعي ‪2020 – 2019‬‬

‫مادة ‪)MQMN3 –703038 -Machine Design( :‬‬

‫القسم‪ :‬الهندسه الميكانيكيه‬

‫الشعبة‪ :‬قوي‬
‫الفرقة‪ :‬الثالثه‬
‫اسم الطالب‪ :‬محمد عبدالرحمن علي عبدالجواد‬
‫رقم الجلوس‪703038 :‬‬
‫الرقم القومى‪29710151203937 :‬‬
‫البريد االلكترونى‪mohammedabdo4040@gmail.com :‬‬
‫أستاذ المادة‪prof. Bayoumi :‬‬

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Air compressor
Air compressor working principle:
It draws air from the atmosphere Air passes through the air filter (filter)
To absorb the airborne impurities, in order not to happen Blockage of the filter and erosion of the
cylinder walls the air enters the tank cool and clean Exit valve way

Air compressor uses:

The air compressor is considered one of the most important devices in workshops and factories,
and it has enough capacity for all facets
Needs for operating the air powered equipment which is used in the following places:
- It is used in car maintenance and repair workshops.
- It is used in air winches such as Drill Drill).
It is used in plumbing and carpentry workshops.
Used in tire maintenance and repair shops and calligraphers.

Air compressor parts:

The air compressor is made up of the main parts
1- The mechanical engine. page
2- The electric motor.
3- The tank.
4- Safety valves.
5- Indicated (hour).
6- Operation key
The air compressor converts electrical energy to
Kinetic energy that powers the mechanical engine
By means of a belt ride between the two pulleys of the engine
Mechanical and electrical
Compressor belt looser: The belt transmits the transmission from the electric motor pulley to the
mechanical motor pulley, and when loosening of the belt leads to the failure to generate enough air
to meet the requirements of the work. It also causes the compressor to overheat, due to the fact that
the fan installed on the motorized mechanical pulley does not reach the movement until it draws air
and passes it on the external compressor parts.

mechanical motor pulley

electric motor pulley

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Photographs from nature

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4
Machine operating conditions
This machine is one of the most important equipment in a carpentry workshop where it is used to
connect the wooden parts by a wood stapler, where it is connected to a compressor by an air tube
through which air is pushed from the tank to the stapler

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The compressor is also used to paint wood and furniture

Through the information from the owner of the workshop, the machine works 9 hours during the
day in normal conditions
1) Know the power and starting speed of the motor's data

2) Use a simple ruler to measure urinary diameters and measure the length of the belt and to
determine the distance between the two centers so that errors are minimized as much as
possible (the diagonals here are the outer diameter and not the pitch diameter)

The final speed is supposed to be determined, but the high speed cannot be observed with the
naked eye, so it was calculated from the reduction percentage, where the speed ratio was
determined by dividing the large polycarbonate by the diameter of the small polycarbonate, then
determining the final speed

Small pulley 10 cm
Big pulley 28 cm
Length of belt 116.5 cm
Center distance 35cm
Number of belts 1 belt

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Design calculations
There are some mechanical parts that need to be designed
We will make a design for the belt
The drive is to a bucket elevator in a potash plant that is to be used 9 hours (h) daily
Given Power transmitted =3 hp
Speed of motor =n1= 2800 rpm
Output speed =n2=1000 rpm

for a normal torque electric motor

Step 1. Compute the design power for a normal torque electric motor running 9 h
daily
service factor = 1.2 From table (7-1)

Design power = service factor × input power(hp) = 1.2 × 3 = 3.6 hp

Step 2. Select the belt section

3V belt is recommended for 3.6 hp at 2800 rpm input speed From fig (7-9)

Step 3. speed ratio:

𝑛1 2800
speed ratio = 𝑖 = = = 2.8
𝑛2 1000

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Step 4. Assume that the linear speed of belt = 4000 ft/min
The size of the driving sheave 𝐷1
𝜋𝑛1𝐷1
𝑣(Belt speed ) =
12
12𝑣 12 × 4000
𝐷1 = = = 5.5 𝑖𝑛
𝜋𝑛1 𝜋 × 2800
𝐷2 = 𝐷1 × 𝑖 = 5.5 × 2.8 = 15.28 𝑖𝑛

𝐷1 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 ) 𝐷2 𝐷2 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑) 𝑛1 × 𝐷1(𝑠𝑡)

𝑛2 = (𝑟𝑝𝑚)
𝐷2(𝑠𝑡)
(in) (in) (in)
5.25 14.7 13.95 1054
4.95 13.86 13.95 993
4.70 13.16 13.95 943
4.07 11.39 10.55 1080

993 is near to 1000 so 𝐷1 = 4.95 𝑖𝑛 and 𝐷2 = 13.95 𝑖𝑛

Step 5. the rated power

when 𝐷1 = 4.95 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛1 = 2800𝑟𝑝𝑚

The power rated =10.4 hp per belt

Step 6. center distance.
𝐷2 < 𝐶 < 3(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 )
13.95 < 𝐶 < 3(13.95 + 4.95)
13.95 < 𝐶 < 56.7
Let C = 15 in

8
Step 7. the required belt length
(𝐷2 − 𝐷1 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + 1.57(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 ) +
4𝐶
(13.95 − 4.95)2
𝐿 = 2 × 15 + 1.57(13.95 + 4.95) + = 61.02 𝑖𝑛
4 × 15
From table (7-2) we select the standard length
the nearest standard length = 60 in
Step 8. The actual center distances
𝐵 = 4𝐿 − 6.28(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 ) = 4 × 60 − 6.28(13.95 + 4.95) = 121.308
𝐵 + √𝐵 2 − 32(𝐷2 + 𝐷1)2 121.308 + √(121.308)2 − 32(13.95 − 4.95)2
𝐶= = = 14.5 𝑖𝑛
16 16

Step 9. Contact angle

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 13.95 − 4.95
𝜃1 = 180 − 2 sin−1 ( ) = 180 − 2 sin−1 ( ) = 143.8°
2𝐶 2 × 14.5
𝐷2 − 𝐷1 13.95 − 4.95
𝜃2 = 180 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( ) = 180 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( ) = 216°
2𝐶 2 × 14.5

Step 10. the correction factors

From fig (7-14) At 𝜃1 = 143.8° 𝐶𝜃 = 0.89 “𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟”
From fig (7-15) At 𝐿 = 60 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝐿 = 0.98 “𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟”

Step 11. the corrected rated power per belt and the number of belts required
corrected power = 𝐶𝜃 𝐶𝐿 𝑃 = 0.89 × 0.98 × 10.4 = 9.07ℎ𝑝
Design power 3.6
the number of belts = = = 0.4~1 belt
corrected power 9.07
Step 12. The span length

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 2 13.95 − 4.95 2
𝑆 = √𝐶 2 − ( ) = √(14.5)2 − ( ) = 13.75 𝑖𝑛
2 2

9
Summary of Design
Input: Electric motor 3 hp
Service factor 1.2
Design power 3.6 hp
Center distance 14.5 in
Number of belts 1 belt
standard length 60in
D1 (standard) 4.95 in
D2 (standard) 13.95 in

Basic belt drive geometry

The comparison between Actual and design calculations

Data Actual design calculations

Sheave 1diameter 3.97~4 in 4.95 in
Sheave 2 diameter 11 in 13.95 in
Number of belts 1 belt 1 belt
Length of belt 48.1 in 60 in
Center distance 11.8 in 14.5 in

There is a clear difference between the results of the design and the results in the truth
It may be one of the things that the manufacturer is committed to using a specific area and therefore use other
calculations because he is committed to a specific area
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It may be one of the reasons for this discrepancy is that the measurement process was done
manually, and therefore an error rate is required
And we will try to reduce the error rate by changing the value of 𝑉𝑏

Try use 𝑉𝑏 = 3000 ft/min

12𝑣 12 × 3000
𝐷1 = = = 4.09 𝑖𝑛
𝜋𝑛1 𝜋 × 2800

𝐷1 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 ) 𝐷2 𝐷2 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑) 𝑛1 × 𝐷1(𝑠𝑡)

𝑛2 = (𝑟𝑝𝑚)
𝐷2(𝑠𝑡)
(in) (in) (in)
4.07 11.396 10.55 1080

center distance.
𝐷2 < 𝐶 < 3(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 )
10.55 < 𝐶 < 3(4.07 + 10.55)
10.55 < 𝐶 < 43.86
Let C = 11.5 in
belt length
(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + 1.57(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 ) +
4𝐶
(10.55 − 4.07)2
𝐿 = 2 × 11.5 + 1.57(4.07 + 10.55) + = 46.9 𝑖𝑛
4 × 11.5
From table (7-2) we select the standard length
the nearest standard length = 47.5 in

The actual center distances

𝐵 = 4𝐿 − 6.28(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 ) = 4 × 47.5 − 6.28(4.07 + 10.55) = 98.186
𝐵 + √𝐵 2 − 32(𝐷2 + 𝐷1)2 98.186 + √(98.186)2 − 32(10.55 − 4.07)2
𝐶= = = 11.8 𝑖𝑛
16 16
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Contact angle
S 𝜃 = 180 − 2 sin−1 (𝐷2 − 𝐷1 ) = 180 − 2 sin−1 (10.55 − 4.07) = 148°
1
2𝐶 2 × 11.8

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 10.55 − 4.07
𝜃2 = 180 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( ) = 180 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( ) = 211.9°
2𝐶 2 × 11.8
the correction factors
From fig (7-14) At 𝜃1 = 148° 𝐶𝜃 = 0.91 “𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟”

From fig (7-15) At 𝐿 = 47.5 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝐿 = 0.92 “𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟”

the corrected rated power per belt and the number of belts required
corrected power = 𝐶𝜃 𝐶𝐿 𝑃 = 0.91 × 0.92 × 10.4 = 8.7ℎ𝑝
Design power 3.6
the number of belts = = = 0.414~1 belt
corrected power 8.7
The span length

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 2 11 − 3.79 2
𝑆 = √𝐶 2 − ( ) = √(11.8)2 − ( ) = 11.24 𝑖𝑛
2 2

Now we can compare the measurements after trying to reduce the error rate and approximate the
results in reality

Data Actual design calculations

Sheave 1diameter 3.97~4 in 4.07
Sheave 2 diameter 11 in 10.55 in
Number of belts 1 belt 1 belt
Length of belt 48.1 in 47.1in
Center distance 11.8 in 11.8 in

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 S. SIDE WIEW

S. PLAN

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14
Various pictures to clarify the details

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 Section

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 Section of large pulley

large pulley

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 Section of small pulley

4.References

[1] MACHINE ELEMENTS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN Sixth Edition

Robert L. Mott University of Dayton

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