MUSCULO

SKELETAL-
REL ATED
INJURY
 MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS (MSD)
• are injuries or disorders of the muscles,
nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal
discs
MUSCULOSKELET
AL INJURY
• Common type of human injuries which can result from the damage of
muscular or skeletal systems (i.e., bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments,
nerves, blood vessels, etc.); they usually occur due to a strenuous and/or
repetitive activity and can result into variety of complaints, complications,
and deformities causing a big burden on the financial and health system in
all societies.

• Human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is a

multiple organ system that gives human the ability to move using their
muscles, tendons, and bones; it provides form, support, stability, and
flexibility to the body as well as protecting vital organs.
• SKELETON • MUSCLES
provides support and protection as three types of muscles (smooth,
well as allowing movement. skeletal, and cardiac)
• JOINTS • TENDONS
• holding the skeleton together and • connects muscles to bones
allowing it to be mobile. Simply
defined as the site where two or
more bones meet
• LIGAMENTS
• connects both ends of bones
together in order to form a joint
 FIRST AID MSD
• Inspection (discoloration, swelling, or deformity).
• Palpation (looking for tenderness and deformity).
• Assess range of motion (both active and passive) with
consideration to the joint above and below the injured part.
• Neurovascular examination
• Encompasses all body tissue
except the bones. It includes skin,
muscles, vessels, ligaments,
tendons, and nerves.

SOFT
TISSUE
INJURIES
• Contusion: a traumatic injury to
the tissues beneath the skin
without a break in the skin.
• Edema: swelling as a result of
inflammation or abnormal fluid
under the skin.
CLOSED
WOUNDS
• Strain: stretching or tearing of a
muscle resulting from
overstretching or overexertion.
Also known as a pulled muscle or
torn muscle
• Sprain: a joint injury involving
damage to supporting ligaments. CLOSED
WOUNDS
• 4.1.1.1. Managements of closed
injuries
• Ankle ligament sprain.
• Closed injuries can be managed
effectively by applying the R.I.C.E.
CLOSED
This involves the application of (R) WO U N D
rest, (I) ice, (C) compression, (E) T R E AT M E N T
AND
elevation M A N AG E M E N T
OPEN WOUNDS

• Abrasions: where the top layer of the skin is removed.

• Lacerations: are cuts of the skin with jagged edges.
• Incisions: characterized by smooth edges and resemble a paper cut.
• Punctures: deep, narrow wounds such as a stab wound from a nail or knife.
• Avulsions: where a flap of skin is forcefully torn from its attachment.
HYPOTHERMIA AND
HYPERTHERMIA
ALSO KNOWN AS HEAT RELATED EMERGENCY
HYPOTHERMIA

• Is a medical emergency that

occurs when your body loses
heat faster than it can produce
heat, causing a dangerously
low body temperature.
Normal body temperature is
around 98.6 F (37 C).
• Frostbite
HYPERTHERMIA

• heat cramps are painful, involuntary • heat stroke condition caused by

muscle spasms that usually occur during your body overheating, usually as a result
heavy exercise in hot environments of prolonged exposure to or physical
• heat exhaustion condition whose exertion in high temperatures. This most
symptoms may include heavy sweating and a serious form of heat injury.
rapid pulse, a result of your body
overheating. It's one of three heat-related
syndromes, with heat cramps being the
mildest and heatstroke being the most
severe
FIRST AID TREATMENT

 Move the person to an air-conditioned environment -- or at

least a cool, shady area -- and remove any unnecessary
clothing.
 Apply ice packs to the patient's armpits, groin, neck, and
back. Because these areas are rich with blood vessels close
to the skin, cooling them may reduce body temperature.
THANK YOU
• https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/heat-stroke-symptoms-and-treatment#2
• Musculoskeletal Injuries: Types and Management Protocols for Emergency Care By Ahmad Subhy
Alsheikhly and Mazin Subhy Alsheikhly Submitted: October 13th 2017Reviewed: October 10th
2018Published: November 28th 2018 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81939