“Microbes rule the earth.

Scientists estimate that there are more microbes on earth

than there are stars in the universe—an estimated nonillion
(one followed by 30 zeros)
Microbes and their communities make up the foundation of
the biosphere and sustain all life on earth.”
Dr. David Thomassen
Chief Scientist, U.S. Department of Energy
OBJECTIVES
1. Define Microbiology
2. Explain the importance of why we are
studying Microbiology
3. Enumerate the pioneers in the science
of Microbiology and their contributions
4. Discuss different infectious diseases
5. List different careers in Microbiology.
 MICROBIOLOGY
Study of microorganisms (microscopic).
1. Bacteria- unicellular
2. Fungi-- single & multi cell forms - yeast,
filamentous molds, complex fungi
3. Protists - single cell, some multicellular -
algae, protozoans, slime molds
4. Viruses (acellular, intracellular parasites),
viroids and prions
5. Helminths – Parasitic Worm (tapeworm, liver
fluke, ascarid or leech)
MICROBES
AND YOU
•NORMAL FLORA – Microorganisms that live
on another living organism or inanimate
object without causing disease.
• One Hundred Trillion Bacteria in our bodies.
• Helps to prevent us becoming colonized with mor
dangerous bacteria, which might lead to
infection.
•OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS – Part-time bad
guys
•PATHOGENS – Full-time bad guys
Why Study Microbiology?
A.Causative agents of infectious
diseases
B. Normal Flora
C. Environmental Importance
D.Industrial Importance
E. Research
A. Causative Agents of
Infectious Diseases
• Nearly 2,000 different
microbes cause diseases
• 10 B infections/year
worldwide
• 13 M deaths from
infections/year worldwide
b. Normal
B. Normal Floraflora

You are only 43% human with

20,000 genes but your gut
have 20 million microbial
genes!
NO ONE IS GERMFREE
c. C.
Environmental
Environmental Importance
importance
1. Decomposers- e.g. Saprophytes particularly
fungi
2. Produce oxygen - photosynthetic activities by
cyanobacteria
3. Nitrogen fixers - presence on the leguminous
plants e.g Rhizobium sp. etc.
4. Sewage treatment - Bioremediation (cleaning
up toxic pollutants by the used of microbes)
5. Biosensor - “portable detection kit” for the
presence of toxic pollutants.
d. D.
Industrial importance
Industrial Importance

1. Food Industry - Cheese

Production, Dairy Products etc.
2. Brewing Industry - Beverages etc.
3. Pharmaceutical industry - Drug
development (antibiotics)
4. Genetic engineering - Human
Insulin Production, Bt Corn, hG
hormone
e. research
E. Research

1. Simple cell structure- easy to

manipulate
2. Rapid rate of growth-
exponential growth
3. Inexpensive to culture
4. No ethical issues
ORIGINS OF MICROORGANISMS
ON EARTH
Branches
Branches Ofof microbiology
Study within Microbiology
 A Sampling of Fields and
Occupations in Microbiology
A. IMMUNOLOGY
Studies the complex web of protective substances and reactions
caused by invading microbes and other harmful entities.
B. PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities.
C. BIOTECHNOLOGY
Any process that harnesses the actions of living things to arrive
at a desired product, ranging from beer to stem cells.
D. GENETIC ENGINEERING AND RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
These interrelated fields involve deliberate alterations of
the genetic makeup of organisms to create novel microbes, plants,
and animals with unique behavior and physiology.
E. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY, AND
AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY
Examine the ecological and practical roles of
microbes in food and water.
• Food microbiologists are concerned with the
effects of microbes, including such areas as food
spoilage, food-borne diseases, and production.
• Aquatic microbiologists explore the ecology of
natural waters as well as the impact of microbes on
water purity and treatment.
F. AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
concerned with the relationships between
microbes and domesticated plants and animals.
• Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil
fertility, and nutritional interactions.
• Animal specialists work with infectious diseases
and other associations animals have with
microorganisms.
• GEOMICROBIOLOGISTS, who focus on the roles of
microbes in the development of earth’s crust
• MARINE MICROBIOLOGISTS, who study the oceans
and its smallest inhabitants;
• MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS, who do the tests that
help diagnose pathogenic microbes and their
diseases;
• NURSE EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, who analyze the
occurrence of infectious diseases in hospitals;
• ASTROBIOLOGISTS, who study the possibilities of
organisms in space
Microbes and human
diseases
• Pathogen – Any agent—usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or
helminth—that causes disease
• Infectious Diseases
• Emerging Diseases - are newly identified conditions that are being
reported in increasing numbers.
▪ Since 1969, at least 26 novel infectious agents have arisen within the
human population.
▪ Types (Location specific, Pandemic, Zoonoses)
▪ Reemerging Diseases - have existed since some time in the past but are
on the rise once again.
▪ Example; Influenza, Malaria, Cholera, Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B.
▪ formidable capacity of microbes to adapt to alterations in the
individual, community, and environment.
presentation
• Group yourselves into 4 (minimum) or 5 (maximum). If you prefer to
do it individually, you can also do that.
• WHAT WILL BE YOUR TASK?
• Look for a disease caused by microorganisms or how microorganisms relate
to such disease you find interesting and unique.
• Each group should research about the disease such as but not limited to the
following:
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Epidemiology
• Prevention
• Treatment
• Upload your 3-5 minutes long presentation in platforms you prefer,
comment the link in my post in Google Classroom.
• Deadline : January 27, 2021 11:59 PM