Eu1 Engineering Utilities 1

Chapter 03: referred to as inductive flow.

Units of Electricity  Resistance (R) refers to the ability of a conductor
 Fundamentals Units of Electricity to resist current flow and is measured in ohms.
 Voltage  Voltage (E), amperage (I), and resistance (Ω) in
 Amperage an active electrical circuit are related through
 Resistance Ohm’s Law:
 Ohm’s Law
 Power
 Joule’s Law
 Energy

Fundamental Units of Electricity

Units used to describe electricity are:
a. Voltage
b. Amperage
c. Resistance
VOLTAGE
 electromotive force (E or EMF) is the driving
force behind current flow.
 A difference in charge creates an electrical
pressure, which moves current in one direction.
 The unit of electrical pressure is the volt (V).
 Voltage level governs the amount of electrical
energy that will flow through a wire. A boost in
voltage increases current flow and a drop in
voltages reduces flow
AMPERAGE
 Inductive Flow (I)
 the rate of current flow in a closed electrical
system is measured in a unit called the ampere,
frequently called the amp.
 An ampere (A) is related to the number of
electrons flowing through a section of conductor
(wire) over a period of time.
 One Coulomb (6.280 x 1018 or 6 280 000 000 000
000 000 electrons) passing through one point in
an electrical circuit in One second.
RESISTANCE
 Resistance (R)
 the length of a conductor (wire), the diameter of
the conductor, type of conductor material, and
temperature of the conductor affect the
resistance to flow of current.
 The unit used to measure electrical resistance is
the ohm (Ω).
 One ohm is that resistance that allows one amp
to flow when pushed by a pressure of one volt
 
OHM’S LAW
 Current flow is caused by electromotive force or
voltage.
 Amperage is the rate of current flow and may be
POWER
 the rate at which work is accomplished; it is
work or energy released divided by time.
 The unit of power measurement that most
individuals are likely familiar with is
horsepower.
 One horsepower is equivalent to 33 000 foot-
pounds (ft-lb) of work per minute (550 ftlb/s).
This is the equivalent of lifting a one-ton weight
at a rate of 6 ½ feet per minute. One horsepower
is equivalent to 746 watts power.
 The electrical unit of power is the watt. In
theory, the watt can be related to other measures
of power:
JOULE’S LAW
 On a direct current circuit, voltage (E) and
amperage (I) are related to wattage through the
DC power equation, also known as Joule’s Law:
ENERGY
 If power used by an appliance is multiplied by
the amount of time that the unit operates, the
energy consumption value or amount of work
accomplished is determined.
The measurement of electrical energy
consumption, the rate at which power is being
consumed over a specified period of time in
hours, results in watt-hours (Wh) of energy. The
standard billing for energy consumption is the
 kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is equivalent to 1000
watt-hours.
 Electrical energy consumption (q) in watt-hours
may be determined by the following expression,
where power (P) is expressed in watts and time
(t) in hours of operation:

q=Pt