SCIENCE

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FIRST QUARTER

Module 6

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

PLANT’S FOOD MAKING PROCESS

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and

respiration (S9LT-Ig-j-31)

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 To the Learners
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside those disturbances that will hinder you
to continue reading and answering what is inside.
Read the simple instructions below that will serve as a guide.
Enjoy reading and learning!
1. Read carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Write on your ISN the key concepts about the lessons.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

In this module, you will learn about how the plant makes its own food through the process
of photosynthesis. When you finish studying this module, you are expected to:

Day 1: Relate physical plant characteristics (chloroplast, pigments, stomata etc.) to their functions.

Day 2: Differentiate Light Dependent Reaction and Light Independent Reaction in terms of the
raw materials, processes, and end-product.

Day 3: Conduct investigations that will show that plants can make food.

Day 4: Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Let us start your journey in learning about the process of photosynthesis.

I am sure that you are ready and excited to answer the PRETEST. Smile and cheer up!

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 Pre-test
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
provided before the number.

_______ 1. What do plants need for photosynthesis?

A. Carbon B. Carbon Dioxide C. Dioxide D. Oxygen

_______ 2. Which of the following part of the cell photosynthesis takes place?

A. Cell membrane B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. Vacuoles

_______ 3. Which of the given below are the products of photosynthesis?

A. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen C. Oxygen and Glucose

B. Oxygen and water D. Water and Carbon Dioxide

_______ 4. During cellular respiration, what will happen to the food?

A. Food are broken down

B. Food was being manufactured or made.

C. Food nutrients will be released.

D. Food nutrients will be absorbed.

______ 5. In which of the following time frame does respiration takes place?

A. Day time B. In the afternoon C. Night time D. All throughout the day

Great, you finished answering the questions. Congratulations!

Let your teacher check your answers.

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Brief Introduction
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, use energy from the sunlight to produce sugar. It is
the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon
dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. The conversion of unusable
sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the action of the green pigment known as
chlorophyll. Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we
absolutely must have to stay alive. The process is shown through the diagram below:

The Photosynthetic Process

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url

There are two stages involved in the process of photosynthesis:

1. Light-Dependent Reaction which takes place in the thylakoid membrane, it uses light energy to
make ATP and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen). This
molecule plays a crucial role in the next chemical reaction that will take place.

2. Light-Independent Reaction use the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to
reduce carbon dioxide and convert the energy to the chemical bond energy in carbohydrates such
as glucose. It takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. In this step, no light is needed.

In the process of photosynthesis, the raw materials are water and carbon dioxide while the end-
products are sugar and oxygen.

The Chloroplast

Chloroplast are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic green-colored
pigment known as chlorophyll captures the energy from the sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-
storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing the oxygen from water in the plants.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food
for the plant.

The Chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane with an empty intermediate space in between.
Inside the chloroplast are stacks of thylakoids, called granum and filled with dense fluid called as stroma.
These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is necessary for the plant to go through the process of
photosynthesis. The internal structure of the chloroplast is given below:

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 Internal Structure of a Chloroplast

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/q5HXWwGCpxJBsBCz9

Parts of Chloroplasts

 Outer membrane – a semi-porous membrane and is permeable to small molecules and ions,
which diffuses easily. The outer membrane is not permeable to larger proteins.
 Inner membrane – forms a border to the stroma. It regulates passage of materials in and out of
the chloroplast. In addition of regulation activity, the fatty acids, lipids and carotenoids are
synthesized in the inner chloroplast membrane.
 Stroma- an alkaline, aqueous fluid which is protein rich and is present within the inner
membrane of the chloroplast. The space outside the thylakoid space is called the stroma. The
chloroplast DNA chloroplast ribosomes and the thylakoid system, starch granules and many
proteins are found floating around the stroma.
 Thylakoid System- a collection of membranous sacks called thylakoids. The chlorophyll is
found in the thylakoids and is the sight for the process of light reactions of photosynthesis to
happen. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana. Each granum contains around 10-
20 thylakoids.
 Granum- a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found
inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.
 Lamella – connects and separate the thylakoid stacks (grana)

Activity 1.1

THE LEAF GREENERY

Objective: Relate physical plant characteristics (chloroplast, pigments, stomata etc.) to their functions.

Materials: Activity sheet and pen

Direction: Label the parts of the chloroplast in the illustration given below and answer the given guide
questions.

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/3xwxcrQhqhQzPpZ2A

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Guide Questions:

1. Why it is that most of the color of the leaves are green? ______________________________
2. In what way chloroplast help the plants in food production?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Discuss the process involved in the production of food in plants.
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.2
THE DRYING LEAF

Objective: Differentiate Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reaction in terms of the raw

materials, processes and end products.

Materials: 1 potted plant, black paper, and clip and iodine solution / povidone-iodine (betadine solution)
or sweet potato extract

Procedure:
1. Take a potted plant and keep it in a dark place for weekdays.
2.
3. Take a glass bottle and insert half of the leaf into it.
4. Select a leaf and cover half of the leaf with a piece of black paper by using a clip.
5. Keep the entire set up in sun light for 4-5 hours.
6. Detach the leaf and test by using an iodine solution.

Guide Questions:
1. What part of the leaf turns into blue- black color? ________________________________
2. What part of the leaf does not turn into blue-black color? __________________________
3. Does the presence of light essential in the process of photosynthesis? ________________
4. Based on the simple activity made from your home, can you now describe the process of
photosynthesis? ___________________________________________________________
5. How do you differentiate Light Dependent Reaction from Light Independent Reaction?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Make your own graphic organizer and show the difference between Light- Dependent Reaction
from Light-Independent Reaction.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

1. Carbon Dioxide – photosynthetic rate increases as the carbon dioxide concentration increases
which enters to the stomata of the leaves.

2. Moisture or the water concentration – absorption of water to the roots of the plants

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 3. Light intensity –the stomata open wider to allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf. More water is
therefore able to evaporate.

4. Temperature – as the temperature increases the photosynthetic rate increases.

Evidences that Plants Can Make Food

The glucose that is produced is used as an energy source or converted to starch for storage. Thus,
the presence of starch in a leaf is direct evidence that photosynthesis has taken place. Starch can be detected
by the Iodine test.

Plants are self-sufficient.

They make their own food thru the process of photosynthesis using light energy to make sugars
from carbon dioxide (C02) and water (H20).

Therefore, plant growth and development are possible in these two processes:

Photosynthesis – the process of capturing light energy and converting it to sugar

energy, in the presence of chlorophyll using CO2 and H2O.

Respiration – the process of metabolizing (burning) sugars to yield energy for

growth, reproduction and other life processes, plants (and animals) convert the
sugars back into energy for growth and to energize life processes (metabolic
processes).

Activity 1.3
RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Objective: Explain the factors that affects the rate of photosynthesis.

Materials: 2 Santan leaves, 2 glass jars or any empty bottle, black garbage bag, graphing paper,
timer

Pre-Activity Discussion:

There are several factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. This may vary depending
on the plant’s environment. It includes light intensity, levels of carbon dioxide, and temperature
and in some they include the amount or the availability of the water supply.

Procedure:

1. Take 2-3 pieces of small Santan or Gumamela leaves and place them in a glass jar.
2. Prepare 2 setups.
3. Leave one of the setups in sunlight for three (3) minutes. At the same time, cover the
other setup with a black garbage bag in a shaded area of a room.
4. Count the number of bubbles every 30 seconds and record it in the observation table.

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Observation Table

Time (seconds) Number of Bubbles Number of Bubbles Not

Produced or the Exposed Produced Exposed/ Covered
Leaf Leaf

30
60
90
120
150
180
210

You will be given scores depending on the following criteria after doing the experiment at home.

Criteria 5 points 3 points 0 point Your Score

Successfully Successfully Successfully Cannot completes

performs the completes the completes the the task and
activity/experiment experiment experiment standard
without supervision procedure procedures with procedures.
independently. minimal
supervision.
Ability to organize, Practices safely, Practices most Fails to notice
performs can work procedures safely important
experiments safely independently and conforms to the information and
and aware of take initiative as experiment safety factors in
well as regulations. doing the
experiment

Remember
Plants make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs
light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The raw materials are the Carbon
Dioxide and water. Oxygen is produced as a waste product.

The energy is supplied by the sunlight. Chlorophyll acts to trap the light energy. In the Light
Dependent Reaction, water and light energy forms ATP and NADPH, which stores light energy in chemical
bonds. While in the Light-Independent Reaction it makes use of the energy in the ATP and NADPH from
the Light-dependent Reaction. It also makes the Carbon Dioxide into Glucose.

By which when the sunlight enters the leaf, the food is sent to the other parts of the plant. Water
will enters from the stem. Carbon Dioxide enter through the stomata. And the Oxygen comes out through
the stomata.

Photosynthesis takes place primarily in the leaves, which consist of many layers of cells and have
differentiated top and bottom sides. The process of photosynthesis takes place not on the surface layers of
the leaf but rather in the middle layer. The gas exchange of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen occurs through a
small regulated openings called stomata. Just like the structure of the Mitochondria was important to its
ability to perform aerobic cellular respiration, the structure of the chloroplast allows the process of
photosynthesis to takes place.

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature are the three main factors that
impact photosynthesis. Greater light intensity leads to higher photosynthesis rates, as does increased carbon
dioxide concentration. Therefore, if it's too hot or too cold, photosynthesis is slower.

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 Check Your Understanding
Let us find out if you understand the process of photosynthesis by answering the questions

below:

Part 1: FACT OR FAKE?

Direction. Put the word “fact” or “fake” on the space before the number.

___________ 1. Photosynthesis makes the plant able to produce their own food.

___________ 2. The gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen is regulated in the stomata.

___________ 3. Carbon dioxide is the waste product in Photosynthesis.

___________ 4. In the Light-Independent Reaction, the carbon dioxide is changed into glucose.

___________ 5. Greater light intensity leads to a higher photosynthesis.

Part 2: COMPLETE THIS!

Direction. Complete the word equation for the process of photosynthesis.

Sun light

_____________ + _______________ ______________ + _______________

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Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer that best complete the sentence.

1. In process of photosynthesis which of the given below is needed by the plant?

a. Carbon b. Carbon dioxide c. Hydrogen d. Oxygen

2. Which part of the plant photosynthesis takes place?

a. Cell membrane b. Chloroplast c. Mitochondria d. Vacuoles

3. Which of the given below are the end products of photosynthesis?

a. Carbon dioxide and Oxygen
b. Oxygen and Glucose
c. Oxygen and Water
d. Water and Carbon Dioxide
4. During the process of respiration, what will happen to the food?
a. Broken down
b. Manufactured or made
c. Nutrients will be released
d. Nutrients will be absorbed

5. The light dependent reactions take place in the ______________

a. Grana b. Lamella c. Stroma d. Thylakoid

Looking Back
LET’S ANALYZE THE PICTURE!

Direction: Analyze the picture shown below by answering the given guide questions.

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/EMCLNZDtYEqH6mXA9

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 Post-Test
Guide Questions

1. How will you describe the picture? _________________________________________

2. What do you think is the main cause of the destruction? _________________________

3. What will be the possible effect of the total destruction of the plants/trees in the ecosystem?

______________________________________________________________________

Reflection

Direction. Write a reflection about photosynthesis by answering the questions inside the box.

You may express your answers in a more critical and creative presentation on your learnings.

Have fun and enjoy!

Photosynthesis is
The leaves in the plants
important because
are important because
_____________
_____________

Based on the quote, can you give your own learnings and your conclusions about photosynthesis?

Source: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images

I have learned that:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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