SCIENCE

FIRST QUARTER

Module 7
9
Living Things and Their Environment

Journey to the Power House of the Cell

https://pixabay.com/vectors/rocket-space-ship-space-launch
/wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Animal_mitochondrion_diagram

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Differentiate basic features and importance
of photosynthesis and respiration
( S9LT-Ig-j-31 )
 To the Learners

Before taking and studying the module here are things to keep in mind.

1. Set aside all thing that will disturb you to focus in studying the module

2. Read the content and follow the instructions carefully.

3. Always have your notebook on your side and write down all the important data and
information from this module. This will be checked by your subject teacher.

4. Answer all the activities provided from this module. Do not leave any activity
unanswered.
Most Essential Learning Competency:
5. If you have any question from the activity you can ask your parent to assist you and
Differentiate basic features and importance
you’re teacher, I’m just text away.
of photosynthesis and respiration
6. Enjoy and have a great time in learning!
( S9LT-Ig-j-31 )

Expectations

This module will help you understand the parts and function and importance of Mitochondrion in
plants in order for them to manufacture their own food.
Wecond
Specifically, this module will be able to help you to:

 Described the parts of mitochondrion and explain how cell release energy from food,
 Describe and explain Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain,
 Differentiate photosynthesis and respiration in terms of cell structures involved, raw
materials, end product and energy requirement; and
 Design and conduct investigation that plants can manufacture their own food.

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 PreTest

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the blank provided before the number.

1. Which of the following is known as the power house of the cell?

a. chloroplast b. endoplasmic reticulum

c. mitochondrion d. nucleus
2. Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is wrinkled with lots of folds?

a. cristae b. inner membrane

c. matrix d. outer membrane
3. What gas is released by plants during photosynthesis?

a. Carbon dioxide b. Nitrogen

c. Oxygen d. Sulfur
4. Which of the following is the second step in getting energy in the cell by breaking
down glucose after the glycolysis?

a. Krebs cycle b. electron transport

c. fermentation d. respiration
5. Which of the following is NOT an end product of Krebs cycle

a. ATP b. FADH2
c. NADH d. O2

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 Looking Back

MATCHING TYPE: Match the parts of the leaf in Column A with its functions in Column B.
Write your answer on the space provided below. Number 5 answer is given as example.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

Parts of a Leaf Function

A. vascular bundles of that transport water

1. STOMATE and nutrients from roots to leaves of the plant
B. the waxy upper most covering layer of the
2. CUTICLE leaves
C. vascular bundles of that transport sugars
3. EPIDERMIS from roots to leaves of the plant
D. small opening of a leaf which facilitate
4. XYLEM exchange of gases
E. covering layer of the leaf and other parts
5. MESOPHYLL SPONGY LAYER of the plant

F. has the most number of chloroplasts that

6. PHLOEM contain chlorophyll

Write your answer here.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. F

6.

Wow you did well buddy! You may continue exploring the module.

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 Brief Introduction
The Power House

Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytoplasm of most

eukaryotic cells. Their main function is the conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into
ATP a compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells. This organelle has
important parts. An outer membrane encloses the entire structure that contains many complexes of
integral membrane proteins that form openings. A variety of molecules and ions move in and out of
the mitochondrion through the openings. An inner membrane encloses a fluid-filled matrix and is
freely permeable to oxygen, CO2 and H2O.There are also folds or stalks of inner mitochondrial
membrane called Cristae which expands its surface area enhancing to produce ATP ( adenosine
triphosphate - C10H16N5O13P3). The Matrix a dense gel-like that contains enzymes which is
important in the production of ATP.

Wikipedia.org/ Student Learning Material Grade 9 Unit 1-Living Things and Their Environment

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis is a process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic organisms and it occurs
inside the cell organelle called chloroplast. To make food, plants need the following: carbon dioxide,
water and sunlight.
 Carbon dioxide from the air passes through small pores (holes) in the leaves. These pores are called
stomata.
 Water is absorbed by the roots and passes through vessels in the stem on its way to the leaves.
 Sunlight is absorbed by a green chemical in the leaves called chloroplast.

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The presence of chloroplast in the chlorophyll of the plant enables them to make their own food. The two
stages of photosynthesis are dependent light reaction and independent light reaction (Calvin Cycle) Carbon
dioxide and the energy from ATP and NADPH are used to produce glucose which is the byproduct of
photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the
cells of organism’s .Important things that occurs during cellular respiration:
 It converts chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into ATP.
 It releases waste products such as carbon dioxide and water which is used by plants to undergo
photosynthesis.
 It occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
 It has three stages known as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
 Glucose inside the cell is broken down to release the stored energy. This stored chemical energy
is harvested in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a high-energy molecule
needed by working cells.
Plants, animals including humans depend on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
for survival. Photosynthesis and respiration is a never ending cycle that keeps life on earth...

Figure shows the Photosynthesis and Respiration cycle

wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Animal_mitochondrion_diagram

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 Krebs cycle

 Krebs cycle itself actually starts with pyruvic acid from glycolysis, and acetyl-CoA combines
with a four-carbon molecule called OAA (oxaloacetate).
 A series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA
 Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle. After citric acid forms, it goes through a series of
reactions that release energy.
 The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another energy-
carrying compound.
 During the Krebs cycle, energy stored in pyruvate is transferred to and produced NADH and
FADH2, and some ATP.
 Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these reactions.
 The Krebs cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration next to glycolysis.

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/2.27/primary/lesson/krebs-cycle-
biology
.

Source:
https://youtu.be/02h7XsNQ1kl
https://www.patreon.com/medsimplified

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain allows to start the
release of the large amount of chemical energy
stored in reduced NAD+ (NADH) and reduced
FAD (FADH2). The energy released is captured in
the form of ATP (3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP
per FADH2). The electron transport chain (ETC)
consists of a series of molecules, mostly proteins,
embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
This phase of electron transport chain it produces Source: http://www.hartnell.edu/tutorials/
the greatest number of chemical energy in the form biology/cellularrespiration.html

of ATP.

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 Activity 1
Title: Hi I’m Mitochondrion, Do you want to know me?!
Objectives: Identify and described the parts of Mitochondrion.
Directions: Fill in the table below. Described the parts of mitochondrion. Example is given below.

Parts of Mitochondrion Description

Ex. Outer mitochondrial membrane Encloses the entire structure that contains many complexes
of integral membrane proteins that form openings.
CRISTAE

MATRIX

INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE

Guide Question:
1. Imagine the world of plant what do you think will happen if plant does not have
Mitochondrion? .

Activity 2
Title: Photosynthesis VS Respiration.
Objective: Differentiate photosynthesis and respiration in terms of cell structures involved, raw
materials, end product and energy requirement.
Directions: Draw a Venn diagram then write the similarities and differences of Photosynthesis and
Respiration. In terms of cell structures involved, raw materials, end product and energy requirement.
Choose your answer from the words listed on the box below.
Venn diagram
Its end product is CO2 It’s end product is Oxygen It’s located in the chloroplast
It need Glucose and oxygen it occurs in Plant It needs CO2, H2O and sunlight energy
Its end product is Oxygen It occurs in animal and human it uses ATP
It produces energy

PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION

It
produces
energy
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 Activity 3
From previous discussions it explains that Krebs cycle actually starts with pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA
combines with a four-carbon molecule called OAA (oxaloacetate) the process is also called as Citric Acid
cycle and it usually occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of the cell.To better understand more on Krebs
Cycle perform the activity below.
Title: Krebs cycle On You
Objective: Describe analyze and explain Kreb Cycle
Directions: Showing the diagram of Krebs cycle study the diagram to answer the following questions.

Legend: Bended arrow (waste product)

Straight arrow (product/s)

Guide Questions:

1. Where the Krebs cycle does occurs in the cell? .

2. What are the products of the Krebs cycle? .
3. What is Krebs cycle? .
4. How many NADP is produced in Krebs cycle?
5. Krebs cycle is also known as .
Congratulations you made it buddy, your mitochondria are working!

Remember
Adenosine Triphospate (ATP): compound that stores energy in the cell
Cristae: inner folded membrane of the mitochondrion
Chloroplast: organelle found in photosynthetic organisms that absorb sunlight and use it to synthesize
carbon dioxide and water
Kreb Cycle: A series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-
CoA. Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a series of chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and
FADH2)
Mitochondrion: are membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytoplasm of most
eukaryotic cells in which biochemical processes and energy production occurs
Photosynthesis: is a process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic organisms.
Stomata: are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange.

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 Check Your Understanding
WORD HUNT: Below are the list of the REACTANTS/INPUTS and the END/ BY PRODUCTS of
different processes involved from the lesson that we have discussed. Choose and write your answer on the
appropriate column. (Note: Choices can be used two or more times)

Oxygen NADH Carbon dioxide

FADH2 Light Energy Sugar
Water ATP Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA

Chemical Processes Reactants/Inputs By products/ Output

Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
EX. Electron Transport Chain NADH , FADH2 ATP

Post Test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
provided before the number.

1. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible in producing energy?

a. chloroplast b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. mitochondrion d. nucleus
2. Which of the following gases is needed by the animals for respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen d. Sulfur
3. Which of the following is the product of Krebs cycle
a. ATP b. CO2 c. H2O d. O2
4. How many NADP is produced during Krebs cycle?
a. 1 b. 2 c.3. d. 4
5. What part of mitochondria that contains enzymes is needed in the production of ATP?
a. Cristae c. Inner Mitochondrion Membrane
b Matrix d. Outer Mitochondrion Membrane

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 Reflection

Answer the question honestly. While doing different tasks from this module let us see what have you
learned and experienced from this module.

How do you feel while doing the What will you do to put what you
ativities? have learned in action?

What did you learned from this

module?

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