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Chapter 8 - Cellular Transport and The Cell Cycle - Presentation
Chapter 8 - Cellular Transport and The Cell Cycle - Presentation
:CellularTransportandtheCellCycle"—P
resentation
transcript:
1C
hapter8
:C
ellularT
ransporta
ndt heC
ellC
ycle
28 .1C
ellularT
ransport
3O
smosis:D
iffusiono
fW
ater
● Thed
iffusiono
fw
atera crossa s electivelyp ermeablem embraneisc alledo
smosis.
● Regulatingthew aterflowthroughthep lasmam embraneisa
nimportantfactorin
maintainingh omeostasisw ithinthec ell.
● Whatc ontrolso
smosis
● Waterflowstowardsthea reao flowerc oncentration
● Continuestom oveu ntilthereise qualc oncentration
4C
ellsina
nisotonics
olution
● Ina
nisotonics olution,thec oncentrationo fd
issolveds ubstancesinthes olutionisthes ame
asthec oncentrationo fd
issolveds ubstancesinsidethec ell.
● Cellsinisotonics olutiond on
ote
xperienceo smosis
● Retaintheirn ormals hape
5C
ellsina
h
ypotonics
olution
● Ina
h
ypotonics olution,thec oncentrationo fd
issolveds ubstancesislowerinthes olution
outsidethec ellthanthec oncentrationinsidethec ell.
● Thereism orew atero utsidethec ellthaninside
● Cellse xperienceo smosis
● Waterm ovesintothec ell
● Thec ells wellsa
nditsinternalp
ressureincreases
6C
ellsinh
ypertonics
olution
● Ina
h
ypertonics olution,thec oncentrationo fd
issolveds ubstanceso
utsidethec ellish
igher
thanthec oncentrationinsidethec ell.
● Experienceo smosis– w
aterflowso
ut
7A
nimalc ells
9P
assiveT
ransport
● Movemento fp
articlesa crossm embranesb yd
iffusionisc alledp
assivetransport
● Passivetransportp roteins
● Transportp roteinsh elps ubstancesm ovethroughthep lasmam embrane
● Thep assivetransporto fm
aterialsa crossthep lasmam embranew iththea
ido
ftransport
proteinsisc alledfacilitatedd iffusion
● Commonm ethodo fm
ovings ugara nda
minoa cidsa crossm embranes
● Facilitatedd iffusionisd rivenb ya
c oncentrationg radient
10A
ctiveT
ransport
● Movemento fm
aterialsthrougha m
embranea gainsta c oncentrationg radientisc alleda ctive
transporta ndr equirese nergyfromthec ell.
● Howa ctivetransporto ccurs
● Atransportp roteinc alleda c arrierp roteinfirstb
indsw
itha p
articleo
fthes ubstancetob e
transported
● Chemicale nergya llowsthec elltoc hangethes hapeo fthec arrierp
roteins othatthep
article
isr eleasedo ntheo
thers ideo fthem embrane.
12E
xocytosisist hee
xpulsiono
rs
ecretiono
fm
aterialsf roma
c
ell
● Usedtoe xpelw
astesfromtheinteriortothee
xteriore
nvironment
● Usedtos ecretes ubstancess ucha sh
ormonesp roducedb ythec ell
● Bothe
ndocytosisa
nde
xocytosisr equiree
nergy
148 .2C
ellG
rowtha
ndR
eproduction
15C
ellS
izeL
imitationsC
ellsc
omeina
v
arietyo
fs
izes
● Mostlivingc ellsa
reb etween2
a
nd2 00μ
mind
iameter
● Diffusionlimitsc ells ize
● Diffusionb ecomesinefficienta sthed
istancesb ecomelarger
16D
NAlimitsc ells ize
● Thereisa limita
stoh owq uicklytheb
lueprintsforp
roteinsc anb
ec opiedinthen
ucleusa nd
madeintop roteinsinthec ytoplasm
● Inm
anylargec ells,m orethano nen ucleusisp
resenttoe
nsurethatc ella
ctivitiesa
rec arried
outq uicklya nde fficiently
17S
urfacea
rea-to-volumer atio
18C
ellR
eproduction
● Celld ivisionisthep
rocessb yw
hichn
ewc ellsa rep
roducedfromo nec ell
● Resultsintwoc ellsthata reidenticaltotheo
riginal,p arentc ell
● Allo
rganismsg rowa ndc hange;w orn-outtissuesa rer epairedo ra
rer eplacedb yn
ewly
producedc ells.
19D
iscoveryo
fc
hromosomes
● Chromosomes:c ells tructuresthatc arrytheg
eneticm
aterialthatisc opieda
ndp
assedfrom
generationtog enerationo fc ells
● ContainD NA
● Darklyc oloredw hens tained
21T heC
ellC
ycle
22InterphaseT hem
ajorityo
fa
c
ell’slife
23M
itosisF
ollowsinterphase
● Periodo
fn
ucleard ivisionb
yw
hichtwod
aughterc ellsa
reformed,e
achc ontaininga
completes eto
fc hromosomes.
24T heP
haseso
fM
itosisP
rophase:t hef irstp
haseo
fm
itosis
● Longestp hase
● Thelong,s tringyc hromatinc oilsu
pintov isiblec hromosomes
● Eachd uplicatedc hromosomeism adeu po ftwoh
alvesc alleds isterc hromatids.
● Exactc opieso
fD
NAine
ach
25S
isterc
hromatidsa
reh
eldt ogetherb
ya
s
tructurec
alleda
c
entromere
26T hes pindlef ormsb etweent hep airso fc entriolesa st heym
ove
28M
etaphase:t hes
econds
tageo
fm
itosis
29A
naphase:t het hirdp
haseo
fm
itosis
● Thefinalp hase
● Beginsa sthec hromatidsr eachtheo
ppositep
oleso
fthec ell.
● Chromosomesu nwind
● Spindleb reaksd own
● Nucleolusr eappears
● Newn ucleare
nvelopeformsa rounde achs eto
fc hromosomes
● An
ewd
oublem embraneb eingstoformb etweenthetwon ewn
uclei
32D
ivisiono
ft hec
ytoplasm
33P
lantc ells:
● Cellp lateislaidd
owna crossthec ell’se
quator
● Ac ellm
embraneformsa rounde achc ell
● Newc ellw allsformo ne
achs ideo
fthec ellp
late
35R
esultso
fm
itosisG
uaranteesg
eneticc
ontinuity( identicalt op
arent)
368 .3C
ontrolo
ft heC
ellC
ycle
37N
ormalC
ontrolo
ft heC
ellC
ycle
39C
ancer:A
M
istakeint heC
ellC
ycle
40C
ancerp
revention
● Dietslowinfata
ndh
ighinfiberc ontentc anr educether isko
fm
anyk indso
fc ancer
● Vitaminsa ndm ineralsm aya lsoh elpp
reventc ancer
● Carotenoids
● VitaminsA ,C ,a
ndE
● Calcium