AP US Government & Politics: Bureaucracy of a Pizza!

Background: When the executive branch of the national government was established in 1789, the federal
bureaucracy consisted of just three Cabinet departments and the Office of the Attorney General, later to become
the Justice Department. In 1789 the State Department had 9 employees, the War Department had 2, and the
Treasury Department had 39. Today, the State Department employs about 28,000 civilians, the Defense Department
about 670,000, and the Treasury Department about 163,000. The federal bureaucracy today boasts 15 Cabinet
departments and dozens of agencies, regulatory commissions, and government corporations, with a civilian
workforce of more than 2.8 million. The bureaucratic behemoth exercises power and influence over virtually every
facet of the nation’s social and economic life. In the view of many observers, the power, reach, and independence of
the federal bureaucracy demand that it be viewed as a fourth branch of government.

Directions: Your task is to take each component part of a home-delivered pizza and, using the links below, research
the federal agencies and departments that would regulate it in some way. Use the chart on the reverse side to explain
how each component part of the pizza delivery is regulated by the agency and/or department. (Source:
www.youthleadership.net.)

Internet Resources: The links below will assist you in determining how each federal agency and/or department
regulates each pizza component:

1) Cardboard Box: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodContactSubstancesFCS/ucm064166.htm

2) Tomato Sauce: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3010852

3) Crust: http://askfsis.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/askfsis.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=1338&p_created=1257349580&p_topview=1

4) Cheese: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3004561

5) Mushrooms: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5050306

6) Anchovies (seafood): http://www.registrarcorp.com/fda-fce-sample/Anchovy?lang=ch

7) Pepperoni: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Factsheets/Sausage_and_Food_Safety/index.asp

8) Onions: http://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/8e/onion.html

9) Delivery Vehicle: http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/

10) Diet Soda: http://www.rense.com/general33/legal.htm

 RELEVANT FEDERAL DEPARTMENT / AGENCY &
PIZZA
EXPLANATION ITS REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF PIZZA COMPONENT
COMPONENT

1) Cardboard Box Department/Organization:

___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

2) Tomato Sauce Department/Organization:

___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

3) Crust Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

4) Cheese Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

5) Mushrooms Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

6) Anchovies Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

7) Pepperoni Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:
 8) Onions Department/Organization:
___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

9) Delivery Department/Organization:
Vehicle ___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

10) Diet Soda Department/Organization:

___________________________________________________

Regulatory Oversight:

Questions for Discussion

1) What generalizations can you make about the “bureaucracy of pizza”? How involved are federal agencies and
departments in the take out and frozen pizza that you eat?

2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of federal rules and regulations to consumers of pizza (like you)?

3) What are the advantages and disadvantages for pizza businesses?

4) Based on what you learned from this activity about the bureaucracy of pizza, would you go into the pizza business?
Thoroughly explain.

Interest Group: Study the website for the National Frozen Pizza Institute: http://www.frozenpizzafacts.org/

1) Summarize the goals of this interest group.

2) Since the group is a “.org,” obviously, they want to keep their non-profit status &, therefore, must limit lobbying
activities. What interest group technique do they appear to engage in? Explain.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Food Safety & Inspection Service (FSIS)
Study the adopted regulation: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/rdad/FRPubs/01-018F.htm

1) Do you think that the NFPI was pleased with the outcome on this rule? Explain what was at stake for the NFPI
(and its membership) in this public policy matter. Provide good supporting evidence.

Iron Triangle / Client Politics

Using our pizza example, please create a detailed iron triangle that includes the interaction between the appropriate
congressional committee, federal agency, & interest group. Include descriptions of activities w/ arrows in both
directions on all 3 lines to represent the influences each institution has on the other. You may do this by hand or
electronically on a separate sheet or on this one.

Issue Network

You know me . . . I love to say that politics is messy! Who else would influence the relationship of the iron triangle in
the case of our pizza example, turning it into an issue network?! Be very specific & explain.