c13ReactingMixturesandCombustion786 Page 786 7/21/10 8:22:48 AM user-s146 /Users/user-s146/Desktop/Merry_X-Mas/New

786 Chapter 13 Reacting Mixtures and Combustion

at 300 K and 1 bar can be determined from the ideal gas equation of state as
pV
nF 5
RT
1105 N/ m221100 m32
5 5 4.01 kmol 1fuel2
18314 N ? m/ kmol ? K21300 K2
Accordingly, the amount of product mixture that would be formed from 100 m3 of fuel mixture is (14.861)(4.01) 5
59.59 kmol of product gas.
(c) The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of the fuel mixture with the theoretical amount
of air is
10.8062CH4 1 0.0541C2H6 1 0.0187C3H8 1 0.0160C4H10 1 0.1050N22
1 21O2 1 3.76N22 S 1.0345CO2 1 1.93H2O 1 7.625N2
The theoretical air–fuel ratio on a molar basis is

214.762 kmol 1air2

1AF2theo 5 5 9.52
1 kmol 1fuel2
The percent theoretical air is then
13.77 kmol 1air2/ kmol 1fuel2
% theoretical air 5
9.52 kmol 1air2/ kmol 1fuel2
5 1.45 1145%2 ✓ Skills Developed
Ability to…
❑ balance a chemical reaction
➊ A check on both the accuracy of the given molar analyses and the calcula-
equation for incomplete
tions conducted to determine the unknown coefficients is obtained by apply- combustion of a fuel mixture
ing conservation of mass to nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen in the reac- given the analysis of dry
tants is products of combustion.
0.105 1 13.76212.8922 5 10.98 kmol/ kmol of fuel ❑ apply the definition of air–
fuel ratio on a molar basis as
The amount of nitrogen in the products is (0.85)(12.931) 5 10.99 kmol/kmol well as percent theoretical air.
of fuel. The difference can be attributed to round-off.

Determine the mole fractions of the products of combustion.

Ans. yCO 5 0.0679, yCO 5 0.0017, yO 5 0.0609, yN 5 0.7396, yH O 5
2 2 2 2

0.1299.

13.1.4 Energy and Entropy Balances for Reacting Systems

Thus far our study of reacting systems has involved only the conservation of mass
principle. A more complete understanding of reacting systems requires application
of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. For these applications, energy
and entropy balances play important roles, respectively. Energy balances for react-
ing systems are developed and applied in Secs. 13.2 and 13.3; entropy balances
for reacting systems are the subject of Sec. 13.5. To apply such balances, it is
necessary to take special care in how internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are
evaluated.
For the energy and entropy balances of this chapter, combustion air and (normally)
products of combustion are modeled as ideal gas mixtures. Accordingly, ideal gas
mixture principles introduced in the first part of Chap. 12 play a role. For ease of
reference, Table 13.1 summarizes ideal gas mixture relations introduced in Chap. 12
that are used in this chapter.