Leas FOR EXAM SUCCESS ARLYN with key and _suInteractive eBook ) eBook 7, 74 Practice Engleh bach CD @ Pearson Sheila Dignen & Jacky NewbrookPiensa ee es ame Ses es rae rea aa anaes eel Sas pesmilens| CE an heen ete a checieanis| oe Say ey eager? Exam task p14 Part 1 Essay Part 2 Article Part 2 Email or letter (informal email) Practice task p42 Practice task p46 Practice task pi? ia as Sona = ‘Connecting ideas in 2 paragraph pad Exam task p48 Using contractions p50 Complex sentences p45. cone aes"., rea SE eeeS ee ets Ea mac a =a ee eee Se eee gee oe aaa Identifying feelings p63 Identifying and eliminating distractors pS8._—-Exam task p7) Exam task 964 Exam task 568 mare Banana Set omeeeten Seer Sear ee. eee SSE ee detail end examples p76 ‘Making speculations p80 Showing how far you agree or disagree p86 Exam task 9982-83 Reading and Use of English Writing Listening Part 1 Muttiole-choice cloze p92 Part 1 Essay p102 Part 1 Multiple choice pto4 Port 2 Open cloze p93 Part pl03 art2 Sentence competion p105, Port 3 Wor formation 264 Part 3 Multole motching pie Part 4 Key word transformations £95 Part A Mulinle choice (ong text p10? Part 5 Multiole choice po96-97 Part Gapped text pp8-99 Port 7 Multiole matching pp100-101 pol l-127 AUDIOSCRIPTS ppisé-187 WELL-BEING: MINDFULNESS FOR EXAMS pol28-155 ANSWER KEY 198 EXAM OVERVIEWPart 4 Key word transformations Part 5 Multiple choice Part 6 Gapped text Part 7 Multiple matching Practice task p19 Practice task p23 Practice task 530 Practice task 236 Strategies and skills pp20-22 Strategies and skills 24-27 Strategies and skills 7931-33 Strategies and skills 9037-29 Past tenses p20 Identifying attitude and Understanding reference Reading for specific Reported spaech p20 opinion pat devices 931 information p37 Comparative forms p20 Deducing the meaning of Textstructure and cohesion e32 Understanding implication 938 Passive forms p21 unfamiliar vocabulary p25 Rephrasing, exemplifying and Paraohrasing p38 Conditions ria wre p21 Matching meaning p26 commenting p33 Recognising atitude and Grammar and vocabulary Understanding reference Exam task 5p34-35 opinion p39 changes p22 words p27 Exam task 9p40-47 Paraphrasing p22 Exam task pp28-29 Exam task p22 Part2 Email orletter (formal letter) Part 2 Review Part 2 Report Part 2 Story (B2 First for Schools) Practice task p51 Practice task 053 Practice task p57 Practice task péo Strategies and skills 952 Strategies and skills 9954-5 Strategies and skills ppS8-S9 Strategies and skills p61 Common expressions formal Developing ideas ing Organising ideas na report p58 Sequencing events pét language p52 paragraph p54 Refarring to research p59 Norrative tenses p61 Organising your lotir p52 Using functions and making Formal language p59 Adjectives and adverbs pst Exam task p52 recommendations p55 Exam task 05? Direct speech oét Using adjectives that indicate ieiarn Gea vel opinion p56 Exam task p56 Part 4 Multiple choice (long text) Practice task 072 Strategies and skills op73-74 Identifying the main ideas 973 Understanding opinions p73 Dealing with paraphrase p74 Exam task o74 Part4 Discussion Practice task p89 Strategies and skills 290-91 Giving full answers with examples and justifications p90 Adding ideas and developing & discussion p91 Responding toa difficult ‘question p91 Exam task 91 Speaking Port Interview p08 Patt2 Individual long turn pplor—110 Part 3 Collaborative task ptt and pti2 Part 4 Discussion pittDR SURI The first page of each exam partbegins ————~EEMNEEN with a section entitled ABOUT THE TASK. ‘Soa Soe This provides key information about this ESeececeeecte . Siete exam task and its key testing aims, + Eaopersenriech « gegeeocnnanmce rte a 2 | rremrrecnmcerrccre ‘The first TEST section starts with a ———— mini exam PRACTICE TASK, which is a reduced version of what you will ~ omatiemesmmarm same find in the actual B2 First exam. | Secates The TEACH section provides detailed SNeerinansancercome ward practice ofthe strategies and skills required to perform wel in the exam part. You are guided through in a systematic, step-by-step way, building con each skill as you progress. Strategies and sls O mmenncr ante anton Omemutersi The practice taskis followed bby a series of ‘How did you do” questions that encourage you to reflect on how you performed, In Reading and Use of English and Listening exam parts, you ‘can find optional Speaking boost tasks. These provide questions to prompt speaking practice in cless, or individually at home, to help develop your communicative skillsThere are TIP boxes which give targeted advice on how to approach the particular exam part. Each strategy, skill or language focus is clearly labelled, and there is @ varity of exercise types throughout. All the full exam tasks are clearly flagged like this in every exam paper and part. The final TEST section isa full-ength ‘exam task This provides an opportunity to putthe strategies and skils you have studied into practice. You should apply the strategies and skills that you have practised when youdothe | task to perform well. Completing the CORAL REEFS full exam task also gives you valuable io experience of the kind of task you = Nonctanteitn Pejhegiwtice can expect to find in the Cambridge » Sonoma ee oe on B2 First exam. Seen | romnmcayontenen noma 1 ‘An Answer Key for all tasks is provided, either in the back of your book or via the Digital resources, All audioscripts are printed in the back of the book.eset ae ea ue) What is Formula? Formula isa brend-new exam preparation course that provides teachers and learners with unrivalled flexibility in exam training, The course offers complete and extensive preparation for the Cambridge 81 Preliminary, B2 First and C1 Advanced exams, The core materials provide thorough, step-by-step targeted exam training, helping learners to develop a deeper understanding of the strategies and skills needed to succeed, Comprehensive practice of these skills and strategies for each exam task type is systematically provided through engaging, contemporary topics. The course comprises two core components: the Coursebook and the Exam Trainer. These can be used as stand-alone components, or together, depending on the learning envirenment. Both course components are suitable for the standard and ‘For Schools’ versions of the Cambridge English What is the Formula B2 First Exam Trainer? ‘The Formula B2 First Exam Trainer is a book specially designed to maximise your chances of succes in the Cambridge B2 First or B2 First for Schools examinati It.can work either as a standalone component or in combination with the Formula B2 First Coursebook. Its structure follows the Cambridge 82 First exam, working systematically through each Paper and Part, from Reading and Use of English Part 1 to Speaking Part 4. Each Paper is introduced with a detailed overview of the exam task format, followed by a Test, Teach, Test’ approach, to improve understanding and performance. The Test, Teach, Test approach TEST: A mini ‘practice task’ that reflects the Cambridge £82 First exam task for that Part with @ How did you 0? reflection activity. This helps learners fmilarise themselves with the task type and quickly highlights any. obvious focus for improving pertormance TEACH: An extensive series of explanations, tips and targeted tasks to practise the strategies and skills for improving performance in the exam. The skils are orgenised in priority order, so students with ite time know which sections to focus on first to make the most progress. TEST: A ull-length, authenti-style exam task to putthe exam training to the test, with a full, ‘smart’ answer key. At the back of the Exam Trainer there is also a full, authentic-syle Cambridge 82 First exam, with accompanying audio. We advise that this exam is taken under exam conditions when the training phase iscomplete. All audio for the Exam Trainer is available via the App and Digital eesources. The aucio is available for download so you can save'itto your device to listen offine How can | use the Formula B2 First Exam Trainer? ‘The Formula B2 First Exam Trainer is a flexible component and can be used effectively in a number of different learning environments. Here are some typical situations: ‘You are studying for the Cambridge B2 First exam with ‘other students in a classroom scenario, probably over an academic year. You are using the Formula B2 First Coursebook in class. Sometimes you will also do the related exercises or even a ‘whole exam part from the Formula B2 First Exam Trainer in class, though your teacher wll ask you to do exercises from itat home 2s well. You will use the entire Exam Trainer or you will use it selectively, depending on your needs and the time available, ‘You have already completed a Cambridge B2 First exam course or a general B2-Ievel English course. You are ‘enrolled on an intensive exam preparation course with other students to do targeted exam practice. You may have already worked though the Formula B2 First Coursebook or pethaps another Cambridge B2 First coursebook. You will use the Formula B2 First Exam Trainer inclass to give you a concentrated and highly focused short exam course. This will provide systematic, teacher-led exam training paper by paper, with Speaking boosts for communicative activities in class. You may focus on the exam sections in clas, and the skils and strategies at home, or the reverse. There is also a full, authentic-style Practice Exam included in the title, which you can sit under exam conditions prior to taking the exam, You only have a short time available to prepare for the ‘Cambridge B2 First exam and are not enrolled in an exam preparation course. You have been attending general English classes and your level of English is already nearing Cambridge B2 First exam standard. You now need targeted exam skills practice. You wil use the Formula 82 First Exam Trainer independently to work through each of the exam papers in order, s0 that you are familiar with the exam tasks and equipped with key strategies forimproving your performance. The Speaking boost sections provide valuable speaking practice and the ful, authentic style Practice Exam can be sat under exam conditions prior to taking the exam. ‘You only have a short time available and are preparing for the exam on your own. Maybe you are not attending English classes at present but wish to take the Cambridge B2 First exam and prepare forit independently. You will use the Formula B2 First Exam Trainer independently to work through each of the exam papers inorder, s0 that you are familiar with the exam tasks and equipped with key strategies for improving your performance, ‘The Speaking boost sections provide valuable speaking practice and the full, authentic style Practice Exam can be sat Under exam conditions prior to taking the examitl ee Dear Relat (olka Za ee ad ‘© In Reading and Use of English Part 1, you read a short text © They also test your knowledge of verb patterns, with eight gaps. for example whether a verb is followed by an infinitive There are four multiple-choice options for each gap. ora clause. You choose the word or phrase that best fits each gap. ‘© Some gaps test your knowledge of phrasal verbs and of differences in anne were i ior for zane la four, ‘© Each quostion is worth one mark. invent and discover. They can also test your knowledge of, words that collocate with particular prepositions, or words that occur in fixed phrases. Practice task How did you do? © oud the et paragraph of text bout micro homes ° 1 2 3 4 and decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Micro homes Most people (0) —— of owning the own home, but for many young people this is not a realistic possiblity, House pricas ere (4) and renting is also expensive, which (2) that ‘saving enough money for a deoostts often out of reach recent years, (8) the micro house ‘movernent has started to grow. Micro homes are sna ‘compact homes that re cheap to build and need very lt space. ithe idea (4) Off, could offer an alternative to more traditional hommes, A hope B dream = intend wish A great Big © severe > high ‘A causes —B demands ¢ means 0. allows A although B however ¢ despite 0 instead A tekes Bets © puts makes Q check youranewers © ook tte fouransnersgsin 2° Wie air i60d5 yu rum ig weet 2 \illeltupomer iets otis ondeitd ype select? Wikiresamarnisad yeu ts vin piven eats? eaning of @ 4 Which answer needs you to understand differences in meaning between words with similar meanings? © Look atthe four sets of words from the options (1-4) in x1 in context. What do you netice about how each one is used? Then look atthe gaps in the Ex 1 text again. Can you see why the answers ae correct? 1. Thefilm was a great success The new TV arrived in a big box \We were delayed by the severe weather. They charge very high prices. 2 Pollution in cities causes alot of health problems. Working with children demands a lot of patience He has no job, and this means that he hes very litle money. Living in a miero home would allow us to save more money. 3. Although he's only young, he's brillant player. / He's a briliant player, although he's only young, Her sister, however, isn’t interested in sport at all./ However, her sister isnt interested in spor at all Despite her young age, she is determined to go to the USA. You should study more instead of chetting to friends online 4 I'msure the idea will take off | cant getthe lid off You can't put off the decision any longer. A thief made off with the money.READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 1 Mult Phrases with prepositions The correct choice for a gap often depends on matching the correct option with the preposition after the gap. Strategies and skills ® Read the sentences and look at the highlighted prepositions. Choose the word thats followed by each preposition and fits the context. 1. mvery interested / curious / keen / attracted in music 2 | wasn't sure how to arrive / find / reach / get to the restaurant 3 \'mnot informed / interested / familiar / knowledgeable with his books. 4 Jemesis sil mending / recovering / improving / gaining from his operation. 5 | feltvery pleased / satisfied / proud / content of myself 6 Itwasn't clear whether she approved / liked / agreed / accepted of what we had done. 7 The wet weather had a very damaging result / solution / effect / end on tourism 8 | hadn't recognised / noticed / realised / heard of this antist before. @ What prepositions are the other words followed by? Which words are not usually followed by a preposition? Prepositions are also used before nouns, in fixed phrases or collocations.Itisimportantto leam and recognise these. ‘Sometimes the preposition may be the gap. @© Look at the prepositions and nouns (A-D) carefully. ‘Then choose the ones which form fixed phrases or collocations to complete the sentences. 1. Itwas really exciting to finally meet her in Aend — Blife 2 She was adoctor by C person 0 face Ajob —B profession C work —_D employment 3. We soon found that we had a lot Aas B for between 0 in 4 __ my surprise, they offered me the job 188 a photographer. AFor Bln cTo D Against 5. The police soon arrived onthe Allocation B place situation D scone 6 He could play the whole piece of music by Amemory Bmind Cheat _D feeling Discuss or answer, 1. Describe your perfect home. 2 What are the challenges when you move to a new home/ location? Phrasal verbs ‘Some questions test your knowledge of phrasal verbs. ‘Sometimes the whole phrasal verb is missing, or sometimes just the verb or the particle. TIP: Make sure you learn as many phrasal verbs as you can. It’s important to remember which need an cbject, which can be separated and which have three rather than two parts. © choose the correct words or phrases to complete the sentences. 1 The book was popular and quickly sold in/ off / out / after. 2 There were fears that robots would take / give / get / make over our lives. 3. Other members of the group made up for/ got through to / went over to / came up with some good idess 4 | decided to take / get / make / put up his offer of a job with the company, 5 | hoped might pick off / up / out/ over some useful tips 6 | always shut down / put off / take off / shut up my computer before | go home from work. © Choose the correct verb (A-D) to complete the sentences, 1 We've decided to for anew office. ___ ahead with our plans Awake Boo put D bring 2 Theyve the meeting off until next week. A got B stopped —C put D taken 3 Food prices have up allot recently Achanged 8 cot Ctaken gone 4. Doyou think we should together for a meeting? A got B bring Ctske make 5 _Allthe lights suddenly ____off. Amoved — B got Cpu D went 6 I wasill ast week, 501 abit behind with my work Avent B came € got D turned 7 We don't like the temporary office location but we will have %0 Up with it until June, Alive B put take D tum 8 Everyone says! ___after my father because wwe lock alike and both love jazz. A look 8 go C take DdoREADING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze Verb patterns Sometimes you need to think about what kind of pattern follows a verb, for example an infinitive, a noun, an ing form ora that clause. @ichoane th corecrvar parse ts cgtntbs 1 Finally, | managed reserving / to reserve a table at the i sen 2. fas very hard to sceptto lose that we had fat he a. adit eligi near cine country before. 4 urged Sam to be / Sam that he should be care‘ Some of my flends agreed helping /to help us 6 I couldn't imagine working / me to work in a busy restaurant kitchen all day © choose the correct verbs (A-D) to complete the sentences. 1 We to go ahead with the event despite the concerns. A considered 8 thought 2. Thad always A found decided D insisted studying very difficult B experienced C believed D realised 3. Ourmanager that we should postpone the show for a few weeks Aured — Bsuggesied Ctold —_D persuaded 4 Natalie to think of herself as an artist. Ainsists — Bimagines Clikes stresses 5 Ireally what everyone did for me. Abenefited 8 approved C agreed D appreciated 6 Some friends me to apply toa TV baking show. Assuggested 8 proposed said —_D encouraged Discuss or answer 1. Talk about what drinks you have in a typical day and where you have them. 2 What do you think of fair trade products? Easily confused words Some words have very similar meanings and are easy to confuse. Think carefully about the particular meaning each word has, and also think about the prepositions, collocations and patterns each word is used with. © choose the correct words (A-D) to complete the sentences. 1. I've always taken loads of photos and them online. Asent Bposted mailed —_D delivered 2. She her frst album in 2016 Abbrought B displayed Creleased D presented 3 The pack posters and leaflets for the environmental campaign. ‘Accontains B combines € composes D consists 4 Youcan see the of the sun reflected on the solar panels, Abas B rays Clights flashes 5 Prague is an extremely popular for tourists. Avist ——B intention aim D destination 6 From thehill,you can get a wonderful _ of the whole city Ascene Bsight view glance Verb collocations ‘Alot of common verbs such as get, have, make, put, take, ete. are used in collocations or fixed phrases. tis important to learn as many of these as you can. © complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. have keep ke me do go get make play spend 1 knew I needed to this secret from everyone. 2 | wondered how | could the situation. 3° Abitof string should everything together. advantage of the job and hold 4 What he said didn't __ sense to me. 5 | took Ewa to one side to aquist word with her. 6 [hope your dreams will true. 7 don't 2 lot of time watching TV. 8 Wedecidedto__atrick on Jack. 9 You should rid of those old trainers - they are disgusting! 10 | don't think anything will because you have prepared so carefully. wrongREADING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Pz Linking words Some questions test your knowledge of linking words and phrases. Read the text about preparing for a possible emergency and decide Which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the © Look at the bold linking words in the beginning (0) sentences (1-6). Match them to the synonyms (a+. Preparing for the worst 4. We had the party at home rather than hiring We all depend on supermarkets for food and we ahall (0) o it for granted that the shelves will aways 2 We'll go ahead, as long as you're happy be ful. But some people believe it's best fo be prepared with that “ there's an emergency and norma! life 3. The plane was late owing to the bed weether. is cisupted for a while. Tey say there is afisk rom extreme 4 Everyone was early, apart from Leon, wealher or an outbreak of fu, (2) more serious 5 Heit ail’ ormdable dpponent desptts natural disasters. People who prepare in this way are informally his age. @ 5 ‘prepper', and more and mote people 6 (Fibeiel ie misnomer te Hea ‘re now listening to ther (4) - Alon Jones from him beter ‘Combridge, UK. is ¢ typiccl example. She keeps a month's, «sbecause of du to, thanks to 6 of food in ¢ cupboard, aleng with bottled i cts \woter and medicines that her family needs. She is aware that B iigokeee some people would (6) _her tobe sightty od, € instead of Dut says that, for her it mokes perfect (7) tobe @ inorderto prepared. "We keep just enough to see us through o few weeks, except sowe can then (8) cour normal lives, Why would if, provided that anyone not do that?" ® choose the correct linking words (A-D) to complete the sentences. TIP: Make sure the word you choose fits with the words thet come after the gap as well as those that come before. 1 We decided to take our own picnic, hay than esting out. A instead B whereas € rather D by contrast 2 Weneeded to hurry up, we would be lete, A otherwise B however € although D except 3. The product was a success its problems. . A except B in spite of . 7 ’ aes ee © A get B have © make D take 4 tyorfteal you — 1 Aevenif —B incase provided that D whereas spreblem. 2 Aalthough 8 aswellas € inspiteof —_D_imcontrast A unless 8 provided that 3 Aknown B called named D entitled € except D owing to 4 Aviews -B wishes requests (Decisions 5 The shop sold cards and magazines 5 A-donetion 8 number —_€ supply D delivery books. \ 6 Adecide — @ accept —€ ‘reelise D consider A in addition B in particular _ a iden dzeme C aswellas D whav's more olen a oe as Cee ‘ the rstexoerimertsfailed, | ® A 9ethvough & putupwith C getonwith D getaway she never thought about giving up. “ A However B Nevertheless C In spite of D Although 10READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 2 Open cloze CUR G od © In Reading and Use of English Part 2, you read a shorttext © The gaps test your understanding of different kinds with eight gaps. You have to think of the word that best fits of grammar, for example, parts of verbs, dependent each gap. prepositions and articles © There are no options to choose from. © They also test your knowledge of phrasal verbs, © You have to think about the structure of the language in ‘ing words and fixed phrases. the text and the meaning of the text. © The answer's always a single word. © The word you write must be spelled correctly, and mustfit © Occasionally, there is more than one correct answer. the gap grammatically. © Each question is worth one mark. © You cannot write contractions such as don’t or won't, but you can write the word eannet. - Practice task How did you do? BD Qitivinpmrmiismcnnpecenpmencum | casaycuraremne word whichbect es ech gop. Use oly one word neach one Tavelsen scared athe Bogie ¥ 11 Which answor is part of a vero tense? Which tense is it? Why is this tense correct here? 2 Which answer is a relative pronoun? What noun does it refer back to? Why is this pronoun correct here? 3. Which ensweris pert of a comparative structure? Which word before the gap helps you decide it should be a comparative Structure? Why is less not correct? 4 Which answer isa reference word, which refers to an earlier idea? What idea does it refer back POWER NAPS {SF these wot covecthere? Shor sleeps, or ‘power naps’, are regarded by many ()____AS_a.good way to recharge your batteries during the day. Ihave (1) _ taking regular attemoon naps for awhile now, and couldn't do without them, Experts used to think a quick power nap could make up for a bad night's sleep, but @) is now being questioned. It seems that for people (3) _ sleep is disrupted at night, an afternoon "ap can help to some extent, but it is far (4) important to get the right amount of sloop at right © wich gap canbe fied by two possible words? Why?READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part Strategies and s| Present tenses The gaps often test your knowledge of the present and present perfect verb tenses. The gapped word is often an auxiliary verb, for example a form of the verbs be, do or have. The verb may be in the active or passive form. @ complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 1 have training for a marathon recently. 2. Nowadays, a good diet believed to be extremely important for health 3. These days, people ___ beginning to realise that we need to take climate change seriously 4 Some people think that cooking is chore, but \ not agree, 5 The competition been held in the town for the last 13 years. 6 Its now six o'clock in the morning and the sun _____just come up Discuss or answer. 1. Where's the funniest place you have falien asleep? 2. Describe a dream that you had recently. Future forms The gaps sometimes test your knowledge of future forms, such as the future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous. The gapped ‘word is usually an ausiliry verb, for exampl form of the verbs be or have. They may also test your knowledge of future forms of be able to-and haveto. © Ginn tie cornea wore o complitathe future forms in the sentences. 1. Myknee is nearly better, so! hope | be able / will be able to go on my walking holiday. 2 Next week's World Cup Final will watch / be watched by milions of people allover the world 3 Hury up, orthe train will have lft will have been leaving by the time we get to the station! 4 Indune we will be travelling / going to travel around india, 5 lew be too far to walk, 30 you have to/ will have to get a taxi. 6 By next summer | will have been living / be living in Céli or five years. 2 itso) © complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 1 Tomorrow | will ying to New York for my gap year. 2 The festival will started by the time we get back from our tip to Tuscany, 2. thope you will able to join us for the meal 4. Weill be red when we get home because we will have walking for tan days. 5 The new sports centre will opened by aTV celebrity next month, 6 think we will to work harder if we went to get everything finished, Conditional forms ‘The gaps sometimes test your knowledge of conditionals. Make sure you know the zero, frst, second and third conditional forms, and learn the difference between if and unless. The gaps may also test your knowledge of structures with wish. © choose the correct words (A-C) to complete the sentences. 11 The holiday would have been more fun if the weather been better. A hod B was ¢ would 2 If|had more free time, |__ love to join e choir. A will Bwould — Ccan 3 We'll meet iorlunch next week if not too busy at work Aam B will C was 4 Lusually travel by tram if|____the choice. Ahad B have € got 5. knew that | wouldn't have any chance of winning could improve significantly aif Because unless 6 twas getting late now, and | was starting to wish that we _ caught an earlier train, A would Bhave Chad 7. Iris worth upgrading to a first-class ticket you want to be certain of getting a seat. Aif B although C unless 8 wish my brother let me borrow his carl Awill Bwould — C can Bea 11 What changes will there be in the car industry over the next 20 years? 2 What's the oldest thing you own? Why do you still have it?READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 2 Open cloze Relative clauses Some gaps test your knowledge of relative pronouns in relative cla TIP: Remember, we use when for places, where for times and whose for possession. Remember also that we use which (not that) in non-defining relative clauses ——_——=—serwsrrneeseeev © Look at the words before and after the gaps in these sentences. How do you know that relative pronoun i. missing from each gap? Which sentence is different? 1 Istanbul isa city together. 2. |have always thought of myself as someone lovesa challenge. 3 Hans was looking forward tothe dey he could finally set of on his revels. 4 Idecided to telkto Ana, job involved alot of contact with diferent kinds of art projects 5 The show had already started when we arrived, 93 a bit diseppointing 6 The ceative writing course — originally intended to do wes already ful East and West come _thad © complete the sentences in Ex 5 with one word. Comparative forms Gaps sometimes test your knowledge of comparative forms. As well as basic comparatives and superlatives, make sure you know how to use so, such and how. Try to lear phrases with comparatives and superlatives, too, @ Meh the begining ofeach comparative or superatve ‘sentence (1-6) to its ending (a-f). 41. Sara commented on how 2 When! got home, | was so 3 twas by for 4. The dinosaur skeleton was for 5 | didn't expect her to be such 6 The bigger the challenge, the the most terrifjing experience of my life. 2 g00d actor. bigger than | thought it would be. tired that | went straight to bed. more determined he was to succeed, {delicious the food was. © complet the sentences the words from the box. jore_-most so such by how 1 I'm sure he would be far putin a bit more effort 2 I didn't realise it would be - 3. Sheis now one of the nation’s respected chefs. 4 Iwas surprised at keen he was to join us, 5 tknew she was __ ____ stubborn that it would be hard to change her mind, 6 twas seen! successful ifhe a big event. far the biggest cake Ihad ever Reference words and impersonal structures Gaps sometimes test the use of words such as this, that, these, those, it, what, that and there, TIP: For this kind of gap, you need to read the whele sentence or context so you can understand the meaning, © choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1. There is no doubt that / what /there online shopping is ‘now the first option for many people 2. | opened the email. Most of her emails had been quite friendly, but these /it/ this one had a different tone. 3. There / It/ Ths is difficult to convey quite how important this decision was 4 Ihave read the report and what /that /there it scerns to show is that pollution is defintely getting worse 5 Poul and Johanna looked troubled, and | could see that it/ there / that was definitely something going on. Marta had failed to answer her phone, and that /there / what was worrying, Quantifiers The gap may be a quantifier, for example many, much, fow, etc. Make sure you know the difference between much/many and Itle/few, and try to learn phrases that express quantity, for example plenty of very few, a great deal of, well over, et. ® Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 1 Akera hours of delay, it became clear that there was @ problem with the plane. 2 [realised that! didn't have matter, and | would have to accept 3. They don'thave regular jobs, and they seem to survive on choice in the very money, 4 hoped to find a biscuit in the tin, but there were lef 5 Theremusthave been well______a hundred people in the room 6 Don't worry, we've got plenty _ time. 2BLinking words and expressions Some gaps ara linking words. For these, you will need to think carefully about the meaning. @ Lookthe gps TIP: Think about the linking words you know that fitthe meaning, then see which one also fits the grammarin the sentence. the sentences (1-6). ‘Answer the questions (2-c). Which ones need a word to express contrast? b Which ones need a word to introduce a similar idea? Which one needs a time expression? travelling by bus in Peru is sometimes slow, it can also be an interesting experience. 2. | wasn’t keen to go to the festival as itwas such along way away. eouldn't really afford it. ‘The visitto the museum was rewarding the crowds. 4 The winter months are characterised by cold nights and heavy rainfall the summer months are gloriously het and sunny. There are lats of different kinds of food con offer at the market, and there are often cookery demonstrations, 6 He continued te work on his painting we were chatting, ® choose the correct inking words (&-C)t0 complete the sentences (1-6) in Ex 11 A Although B But © However A But 8 Besides ¢ Too A however B whereas © despite ‘A Whereas B However © Also A too B plus © however Awhile 8 whereas but /ADING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part ‘There are also a lot of common linking expressions that are made up of more than one word. ® complete the linking expressions in the sentences with one word in ach gap. 1 She hed suffered from pains in herlegs ever______ the accident, 2 feltrelexed and happy even ___we hadn't managed toreach the summit, 3. Lknew the championship was within my grasp if could keep myself motivated, 4 There were monkeys in the trees, a5 — of brightly coloured birds. as many kinds 5. He continued to work in of his poor health. We decided to travel by train than flying, 7 Everyone was happy from George, who continued tocomplain 8 Ourboat trip was cancelled to the severe weather. 9 took my phone with me in __ anyone tried to call me. 10 The islands are closed to visitors during the breeding season in to protect the birds. BAGS Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. 4 Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Fix it with friends -. fe have all got used (0)_TO buying new things, using them for a while and then throwing them away. But it become clear in recent years that this is ‘at sustainable, as we are generating huge amounts of waste. @ response to this, many peonle are setting up informal cafés (8) people can bring broken items for repair. The cafés provide tools, help from volunteers ‘and plenty ¢4) friendly chat. Dan, twenty-1W0, ‘works at a repair café in Bristol. Many modern devices are difficult, to repair (5) you have the correct tools and a bit of knowledge,’ he says. don't have any qualifications, so I've just picked things (6) as ve gone along The emphasis is on teaching people. ‘We don't repair things for people,’ Dan says. ‘What we do (7) help them to repair things themselves.’ So, the next time you have something that’s broken, why not look out (8) a repair event near you?REA\ IG AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part Word formati Maa © In Reading and Use of English Part 3, you read a short text with eight gaps. The missing words are shown letters at the end of the sentence containing the gap, but are in the base form. You have to change the form of the Word so that it fits correctly into each gap. © You can change the form by adding a prefix or suffix, for example by changing art to artist, or by changing able to unable. ‘Sometimes you need to make more significant changes to the word, for example by changing deep to depth or by changing choose to choice. ‘You might have to make a compound word, for example by changing note to notebook. Itmay be necessary to make a noun plural after you have changed it. Each question is worth one mark. Practice task @ Read the first paragraph of a text about beauty. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word thet fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). SIMPLE BEAUTY The (0) MANUFACTURERS of beauty products would like Us to believe that we can only look good if we spend ‘money on expensive creams, gels and lotions. However, Msc research provides some much simpler solutions. Experiments suggest that diet, exercise and sleep can have a huge effect on our (2) In one experiment, people who had slept well the previous ‘week were judged as more attractive than those whose sleep ‘was limited. Other studies have shown that people who eat @) ____ get higher scores for attractiveness than those who don't. Of course, these findings are (4)___ to prove conclusively, But following ‘a heatthy lifestyle is certainly a cheaper way to look good! How did you do? © check your answers. © tooo the four anavess agin ft hiobldasverdayaina i form an adjective from a noun? 2. Inhich tarde you need to fornia scar or an secs Sibir ansver doyupesd va form anoun from a verb? MANUFACTURE | > 4. In which answer do you need to add a prefix to give a negative SCIENCE meaning? APPEAR HEALTHY POSSIBLEREADING AND USE OF ENGLI: Strategies and skills Negative prefixes Sometimes the word in capitals is an adjective, ‘and you have to add a prefix to give an opposite © Hoke nate sos ror the words in por deospiy scseriewns accurete certain formal legal organised patient pleasant precise relevant satisfied regular Lik dis. Discuss or answer. 1. What kinds of health and beauty products or services are worth spending money on? Why? 2. "Beauty isin the eye of the beholder! What does this mean? Do you think i's true? Noun suffixes We often use suffixes to form nouns from verbs and adjectives. © Form nouns from the words in the box by adding the correct suffix and add them to the table. Can you add any more nouns? TIP: Remember, sometimes other spelling changes may be necessary. ‘agree appear assist collect decide destroy employ encourage explain happy ill improve independent kind nervous perform popular safe | similar vary ) ance/ ment | -ness 6 © Wit tne nouns fr people rm these words What suis can we use to form nouns for people? 1 music 5 economy science 2 assist 6 employ 9 politics 3. consume 10 cour 4 comedy 7 instruct © some nouns are irregular and aren't formed using a suffix. Match the verbs and adjectives (1-10) withthe related nouns (a-) TIP: There sno rule for these nouns - you need to learn them! 1 choose 6 deep a depth pride 2 high 7. please b success g weight 3 short 8 lose € choice h loss 4 weigh 9 proud d pleasure i shortage 5 grow 10 succeed @ height —j_ growth © Read the text about the Silver Snipers. Complete it with nouns formed from the words given in capitals atthe end of some of the lines. TIP: When you are completing gaps with nouns, remember to think er they should be singular or plural ‘We tend to associate computer games with young people, fend it's true the malorty of @)___samers_are young. GAME However, a group from Sweden is showing tht reaching the age of (1) doesn't mean that you RETIRE slop having fun, With an average age over 60, the Siver ‘Snipers are the oldest team to take part in professional ‘gaming (2) ‘And don't be put off by COMPETE their elderly (3)____ They take their playing APPEAR very seriously! Although they don't enjoy much (4)___interms of winning trophies, they SUCCEED get enormous (5) ‘rom taking part. They SATISFY have a website, and many loyal (6)._____who SUPPORT ‘cheer them on. They even have a professional coach to helo improve their(7)___. But their mein PERFORM ()___is to show that gaming is for everyone, AMBITIOUS ‘old and young!READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 3 Wo: Adjective suffixes 1 We often use suffixes to form adjectives from nouns and verbs. © Form adjectives from the words in the box and add them to the table. You can use some words more than once. Can you add any more adjectives for each suffix? at n Bere Discuss or answer. 1. Ifyou could go to any major sports event, which would itbe? 2 Are yous competitive person? In what ways? TIP: Think about the spelling carefully. Sometimes you need to ‘make small spelling changes. Your answer is only correct if you have spelled the word correctly ‘ambition care create danger dare effect embarrass excite help impress nature stress success tradition wonder We form some adjectives with less common suffixes. With some other adjectives, we need to change the form of the word slightly when we adda suffix. @ Complete the sentences with adjectives formed from the word in capitals. 1 She came froma very family. ART 2 Thereisno proof for this. SCIENCE The product became ahuge COMMERCE success, 4 Iman football supporter. ENTHUSIASM 5 The fireworks were really SPECTACLE 6 Hewas one of the most famous athletes ofthe __century ‘TWENTY ‘Sometimes, you need to decide whether to use an adjective ending in-ed or-ing. © complete the sentences with the correct -ed or ing adjectives formed from the word in capitals. d adjective describes how you feel ives you this feeling. 1 Itwasa_______ exhibition. FASCINATE 2 Iwas to be accepted onto the course. DELIGHT 3 Wewere athis speed. AMAZE 4 The show was lively and ENTERTAIN 5 Wewere by the score DISAPPOINT 6 The frst few exercises were very CHALLENGE 7 The children were to see their ExcITE cousins after 0 long. B The book was not as aslexpected INTEREST itto be 9 Ino longer feel aboutthe same EMBARRASS kinds of things as when | wos a teenager. 10. The article about the actor was extremely REVEAL Adjective suffixes 2 ‘Adjectives can be formed in a variety of ways using suffixes. I's important that you remember the different suffixes and the rules you need to apply when you use them, Q Form adjectives from the words in the box and ‘add them to the table, Can you add any more adjectives for each suffix? TIP: Remember to think about whether you need to make any spelling changes. comfon confidence employ health noise patience please profit rely taste -able/-ible -ant/-ent ® complete the sentences with the correct positive or negative adjectives formed from the word in capitals. ¥ TIP: Sometimes you have to form an adjective AND add a negative prefix. Think about how to form the adjective fist, then decide ifthe meaning is positive or negative, 1. Lenjoyed the film, despite the = seat. ‘COMFORT 2. The trip didn't go as planned, and there were some EXPECT diffcukies. 3 twas, that the FORTUNE train was a few minutes lete, so we managed to catch it 4 Itrynottoeat___ HEALTH foods like cakes and chocolate. 5 Emojis are not an EFFECT way to communicate how we feel 6 We were very tuck that we didn't win the game. 7 He's so tm ORGANISE surprised he can find anything! 8 My application was SUCCESS 0 | don't have an interview for the job. >READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part Adverbs ‘Some gaps require an adverb. You may have to form an adverb from an adjective, or you may have to formit from a noun or verb. @ complete the table with the acjectves and Saectr feed fou cocout ora TIP: When you have to form an adverb from a noun or a verb, it can help to think about the | adjective first, then make this into an adverb. noun or verb | adjective 1 increase comfort despair occasion tradi accident origin person success 10 imagine @ compete the sentences with adjectives or adverbs formed from the word in capitals. 1 Onlyafew people held him ___ responsible PERSON for the accident. 2 The ___ documents. ORIGIN ne longer exist. 3. Very few people have completed SUCCESS this challenge. 4 | realised that |had deleted the ACCIDENT file on my computer. 5 Therewas a DRAMA end to the race, 6 These sweets are eaten at TRADITION special occasions. 7 Online shops such as this one are becoming —_ INCREASE popular. 8 She was praised forher _____ designs. IMAGINE Rear] mation Verb suffixes and prefixes Most gaps in Reading and Use of English Part 3 tasks are nouns, adjectives or adverbs, But sometimes the missing word is a verb. ©® complete the sentences with verbs formed from the word in capitals, TIP: Where the gap is a verb, remember to think about the correct form and tense. 1 They decided to __ the event online, ‘ADVERT to encourage more people to come. 2. [knew they were just trying to us FRIGHT 3 Noone enjoys being when they CRITICISM are doing their best. 4 The financial support they received — ABLE them to continue with the research. 5 Wesoon that we had made a mistake, REAL 6 The handle was a bit loose, so we had to it. TIGHT Read the text about coral reefs. Use the word given in capitals atthe end cof some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap inthe same line. ‘There isan example at the beginning (0). CORAL REEFS We are all familiar with images of coral reefs, with their colourful rock (0) FORMATIONS created FORM from the shells of sea creatures. Maya Beach in Thailand became famous after it was used as the oy for the Hallywood movie LOCATE The Beach. Its (2) as a tourist POPULAR destination increased dramatically and, as a result, the coral began to suffer (3) SUBSTANCE amounts of damage. The Thai authorities responded by closing the beach. (4) now think SCIENCE they nave found a solution. They have found it s possible to calect up broken pieces of reef ana (5) ___fix them back in place, using CARE. ‘noimal household glue! Specialist (6)___ DIVE sswim down to carty out the repairs. The technique has s0 far proves extremely (7) . EFFECT ‘and the coral has started to regrow. It is hoped that the beach will be reopened one day, but the number of visitors will be (8) contiolled STRICT to protect the coral :READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 1g and Use of English Part 4, you read six pairs of sentences. The sentences in each pair have a similar meaning, but they are expressed in different ways. Dlr RCL This part tests your knowledge of both grammar and vocabulary by testing your ability to express the same ideas using different grammatical forms and different There is a gap inthe second sentence which youhaveto «words fill in, using between two and five words. Contrat count as two words. You are given one of the words (called the key word) which you must use, and you can’t change this word in any way. ‘You need to show that you can express a sentence ina different way, without changing its meaning, © The answer for each sentence is divided into two parts, and there is one mark for each correct part. Practice task @ Read the fact file about false science beliefs in the past. Then read sentences 1-3. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning tothe fist sentence, the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example: LONGER People NO LONGER BELIEVE IN Inthe Middle Ages, people believedit was possible ‘tomake gold from other metals. Inthe nineteenth century, people believed you could tell someone's personality from. ‘the bumps on their head. This was called phrenology. ry to make gold from other metals. People to make gold from other metals. 2 People stopped using phrenology in the nineteenth century. used People have the nineteenth century 3. Inthe past, people thought the Earth was slowly getting bigger. BELIEVED In the past, the Earth slowly getting bigger In the past there were some scientific theories that people don't some scientific theories from the past. believe in now. Inthe past, people thought the Earth was slowly growing in size. How did you do? © check your answers. © Look at the three answers again. 1. Inwhich answer do you need to change an active verb to a passive one? 2 Inwhich answer do you need to use a phrasal verb? In which answer do you need to use the Present perfect with since? 3 9READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 4 Strategies and skills Past tenses Itis important to understand the meaning of all the main verb tenses, inclu ‘continuous forms, would and used to, Make sure you know how to use for and since with the present perfect, too. @© Look at the pairs of sentences. Decide if they have 2 similar meaning (S) or different meanings (0). When | wes at college, | played tennis e lt. | used to play alot of tennis at college. 1 Paris has been my home since 2012. | have been living in Paris since 2012 We first became friends ten years ago. We had first become friends ten years earlier. | was always told by my father to do my best at school. My father would always tell me to do my best at school. >pororar I haven't seen George for two years. It's been two years since I last saw George Joan prepared a meal for us when we got home. a> o> @© compete the second sentence so that ithas a similar meaning tothe frst. 1. first came to live here five years ago. uvine 1 five years. 2. We visited our grandparents every weekend woutp We weekend 3. I didn't enjoy music lessons as a child USE LL music lessons as a chil. 4 This was the first time I had ever met Charles. NEVER 1 before. 5 Mynephew no longer ties to do well at school STOPPED My nephew 6 It’s been five months since I last tock an exam, TAKEN 1 to do well at school. _________ for five months. Discuss or answer. 1 What would you tell your 12-year-old self? 2 What was the last excuse you made up to avoid doing something you didn’t want to? 20 Joan was cooking a meal for us when we got home. Reported speech ‘You may need to rewrite direct speech as reported speech. Make sure you know the pattems with different reporting verbs, and howto report questions. © complete the reported speech sentences. 11 ‘Sam, | think you should check your computer for viruses| said Rami Rami advised his computer for viruses. 2. ‘Don't sit on that chair It's wet!’ Jodie said to me, Jodie werned was wat. ‘on that chair because it 3. "You stole the money!’ Ellie said to Marta. Ellie accused the money. 4 ‘Would you like to come to the cinema with me? Amber asked me. Amber invited to the cinema with her. 5 "What are you doing at the weekend?" Josh asked me. Josh asked me___ the weekend. 6 ‘Can use your pen” Nadia asked Leo. Nadia asked Leo if his pen. Comparative forms You may have to use comparatives, superlatives and phrases which ‘express comparisons. Make sure you know how to use so and such correctly. © choose the correct words or phrases to complete the second sentence so thatithas a similar mesning tothe first. 1. | expected the film to be longer than it was. The film was longer than / wasn’t as long as | expected, 2. Marlon can't run as fas as his brother. Marlon’s brother is a faster runner than / not such a fast runner as Marion. 3. The second film was less successful than the first ‘The frst film wasn’t as successful as / was more successful than the second. 4. | didn’t realise their house was so big. | dicin't realise they lived in a much bigger / such a big house. 5. Which exhibition did you enjoy the most? Which was such an interesting / the most interesting exhibition? 6 This hotels far more expensive than the last one. The last hotel was much cheaper than / just as expensive as this one. Feces Discuss or answer. 1. Whatis the point of celebrity culture? 2 How important ist for your social media to be popular? Why?READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 4 Key word transformati Passive forms ‘The second sentence often uses the passive form of a verb, Make sure you know the passive forms forall verb tenses, and how to use hhave/get something done. Lear how to use impersonal structures like He is thought to be ..., tis believed to have been TIP: Remember, we use by + of @ passive verb. nt to say who does the action © complet sch second sectance with the conect pase form of the verb. 1. They are opening a new supermarket here. BEING Anew supermarket here. 2 Awoman at the gate gave me a ticket. GIVEN — 2 woman atthe gate. 3 Someone had decided that the museum would have to close. BEEN k the museum would have to close. 4 Weill inform you when your order has been sent BE You____when your order has been sent. 5 People think the show will start at eight o'clock. EXPECTED The show at eight o'clock 6 tis said that eating fish is good for your brain. SUPPOSED Eating fish good for your brain, 7 People believe the play was written in 1578 HAVE The play is, written in 1578. 8 My computer needs repairing again GET Ineed to again. ne Conditionals and wish ‘Some sentences may use first, second or third conditionals. Make sure you are confident with all the conditional forms, and learn how to use alternatives to if, such as unless, in case and as long as, © which second sentence matches the me the first sentence? Write A, Bor ‘both: 1. She will only come to the party ifshe can get a taxi home ‘A. She has refused to come tothe party unless she can get taxi home. B She has agreed to come to the party as long 2s she cen get a taxi home 2 You can use my computer, but you mustn't download any fils. A You can't use my computer in case you download any films You can use my computer as long as you don't dlowinload any films. 1g of 3. Lily arrived late because her train was delayed. A. IfLily’s train had bees late, she wouldn’s have arrived on time. B IF Lily's train had been on time, she wouldn't have arrived late. 4 Itwas snowing, so we didn't go shopping. ‘A We would have gone shopping if it hadn't been for the snow. B Ifithadn't been snowing, we would have gone shopping, 5 Petra regretted spending so much money. A. Petra wished she hadn't spent so much money. B Petre didn’t think she would have spent so much money. 6 tsashame that it's raining today. A. | wish it wouldn't rain so much! BI wish it wasn't raining!READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 4 Key word transformations Grammar and vocabulary changes © Decide ifthe pairs of sentences (A and B) have a similar You often have to make grammatical changes to the second ‘meaning (S) or different meanings (D). sentence and also use a word or phrase with a similar 1. A. Iimnever going to speak to Carol again ‘meaning. Think about the grammar patterns of the word in 8 My intention is never to speak to Carol again. capitals, and think about other changes you need tomake so 2 {im sure he broke it by acilont the meaning stays the same. I'm sure he meant ta break it. ‘They didn't let people park on the beach. People were allowed to park on the beach, A e © correct one or two mistakes in each completed second @ 4 A They had no money left 8 A 8 A B sentence. 1 Itisn't necessary to take a coat. They heal rin aured anos. reign 5 A Wefinally managed to escape. There is __no point to take _a coat We finally succeeded in escaping, 2. Paula arrived late because her flight was delayed, & A. Brad took no notice of the children. TIME Brad paid attention to the children. If Paula's flight —_ she wouldn't have arrived late. 3 The exam was too difficult for me to do, so The exam was S0 too iff Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five ould not do it. 4 Nabil started learning French two years ago. words, including the word given FOR . Nabil ‘io yeas, lereis an exampl 5 The journey wasn’tas boring as! expected. © People think that the coins are Roman, BELIEVED MORE ARE BELIEVED TO BE The journey was __more intaresting 38 __| expected. The coins _ ARE BELIEVED TO BE _ Roman 6 Emma said that we shouldn't stay too late 1 "You're lying!” Marissa said to me. ADVISED ‘ACCUSED Emma___advised us don't stay _ too late. Marissa Seth 2 It was careless of her to leave her keys on the table. Paraphrasing SHOULD As well as making grammatical changes to the second She ___ her keys on the table. sentence, you usually have to change other words to words 3. Ceri doesnot dance as well as Jack. or phrases with similar meanings. Itis important to recognise DANCER ‘words, phrases and phrasal verbs that have similar meanings ‘ki en Rolenvlerwords 4 People think that singing is good for your health, THOUGHT Singing ‘900d for your health 5 I'm sorry didn't go to the cinema with the others. wish 1 tothe cinema with the © Choose the word or phrase (A-C) that matches the meaning of the bold words in the sentences (1-6). 41. They decided to postpone the match. A puto 8B putoff © put down 2. Are you going to goin for the competition? A takepertin 8 getpartof give partot 3 Max didn’t accept her offer. 6 I can't waitto meet all your friends. A turned away 8 tumedoff — ¢ tumed down FORWARD 4° He left his job as an accountant. Jam really all your friends. A geveup B gaveaway © gaveout 5. Itisn’t worth going into town now: A There'sno B Thereisn’ta € Therese point in point of point for 6 Abi has stopped singing now. A givenoff = B givenin © given up 22READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part S Multiple choice Pry ae aed . In Re ‘There are six multiph choi information in the text. © The questions can be about the general meaning of the text or details in the text. ing and Use of English Part 5, you read along text. © Questions can also be about the writers attitude, opinion questions with four options. ‘You have to choose the carrect options, based on or purpose. ‘© Some questions test your understanding of unfamiliar words and expressions in context and the use of reference words in the text. © Each question is worth two marks. Practice task @ Read the first wo paragraphs of an article about scientists in Antarctica. Ignore the highlighting. For questions 1 and 2, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits best according tothe text. 1 What point does the writer make about Antaretica in the first paragraph? [A_Itis an increasingly important place fr scientific studies. itis @ unique place. Itshows us that we are not the most important thing on Earth D tis mostly British scientists who carry out research there. 2 The writer thinks that it was dificul for women to get jobs in Antarctica because A. only men had the physical strength to live inthe extreme weather conditions. 8 women were not attracted tothe idea of living in such a remote place. © women generally accepted the excuses they were given too easily D_ most people found it impossible to believe that women could live there. oe How did you do? @ check your answers. © Look at the four highlighted parts of paragraph 1 of the article. 1. Match each highlighted part(1-4) with an option (AD) in &x1 question 1 2. Read the options and highlighted parts carefully. Which one matches the meaning exactly? 3) Whydon't others match? @© Look at paragraph 2 inthe article and the options in Ex 1 question 2 again. 1. Highlight the partof the text thet relates to each option. 2. Read the options and highlighted parts carefully. Which one matches the meaning exactly? 3) Why don't the others match? Fiying over Aniarctica is an unforgettable experience. ‘in all directions, there is nothing for thousands of kilometres except snow and ice. No houses, no inhabitants, just a vast widemess !which serves to remind us that we are only a tiny part of the life (on this planet of ours. Anja Davidson artived there in a small, noisy ceroplane last October to take up her position as a researcher at Rothera, *the main British research station on the continent. Here. “scientiss study, among other things, the effects of climate change, ‘ond Anja is one of a growing number of women who are slowiy geining access to this tracitionally mole-dominated environment. Britain frst established research stations in Antorctica in the 1940s, ‘and, from the start, @ no-women rule was strictly followed. As late {5 the 1960s, female scientists who applied for pests in Antarctica were banned from jcining mole colleagues on trips to the continent. Unbelievably, one female scientist received a rejection letter stating that there were no feciliies for women in Antarctica, including no shops or hairdressers! This trvialsounding excuse revealed a deeper, widely held belief that somehow Antarctica ‘was only for men. This is not surprising when you consider that the history of the continent is made up of heroic accounts of ‘adventurers like Robert Scott and Emest Shackleton, tales in which ‘courageous men relied on their strength and determination in a battle to survive. It was only in the 1980s that women finally ‘overcame these prejudices and joined the teams of researchers in the remote stations, 23eT eNO -Rol (cL eee eM Meola} Strategies and skills Identifying attitude and opinion ‘Questions often ask about the opinion, attitude or feelings of the writer. ‘This is not usually stated directly in the text, but is expressed using different words. @ Look a the extracts rom reading texts and answer the questions Although we were determined to give our allin the game, we were only too aware of the difficulty of beating our heavily favoured opponents 1 Was the writer confident of winning? How do you know? When the band stepped out onto the stage a few minutes later. I couldn't believe the volume of noise the fans created as they cheered and screamed almost with one voice, 2. Was the writer surprised by the reaction of the audience? How do you know? Afterso many months of planning this once-in-a-lfetime trip, | couldn't help feeling that the reality didn't quite live up to my expectations 3 Was the writer disappointed by the trip? How do you know? As the train journey continued, the child’s behaviour, became more and more outrageous, causing even more embarrassment to his mother and father. But | must admit eit more sorry for the other passengers than | did for the parents, whose efforts fo control their child seemed for from adequate. 4 Was the writer sympathetic to the parents? How do you know? ‘The norrow bridge stretched across the valley, with a drop ‘of around 20 metres to the river below. Although made ‘only of wood and rope, the bridge looked reasonably solid, and I didn't hesitate fo follow my fellow travellers ‘across it. 5. Was the writer worried about crossing the bridge? How do you know? © Read the sentences(1-6) and choose the word (A.C) that best expresses the writer's opinion, attitude or feeling. Which words or expressions in the sentences confirm this? 1. After my third fall, was beginning to think that maybe skiing wasn't for me and | should stc something | was good at, like reading or cooking Adiscouraged B ashamed —C relieved 2 We set through the play until the end out of a sense of duty, although by the time the final curtain fell the plot was as much of a mystery to us as ithad been atthe beginning, Aannoyed —_B suspicious 3. Aswe headed out away from the coast and into deeper water, and the small boat started to rock heavily with the movement of the waves, | began to wonder what the experience would be like. A determined excited 4. Working in a small restaurant in Los Angeles definitely has its moments, lke the day |walked ‘out of the kitchen and was delighted to find that ‘two well-known Hollywood actors were siting at one of my tables, waiting to be served! A thrilled Beoncemed —€ proud 5. Itwas dey five of the holiday, and, although the activities were interesting and fun,| must admit that some of the group members were definitely beginning to get on my nerves. A bored B annoyed € confused € worried 6 As Ele started to talk about her qualifications and experience, | had to revise my opinien of her. Not many people could claim such a varied and interesting work history. Afescinated Bimpressed —_€ jealous Discuss or answer. 1 Would you rather live somewhere very hot or very cold? Why? 2 In what ways can we use the power of nature to improve our lives?