Writing Skills Integrated Task 73 Paraphrase che following original sentences from the lectures. Lecture 1 1. Garlic mustard is a problem in several areas in the United States. It’s a cool season plant, blooming in midspring. Ir replacing several other spring-bloom- ing species because it competes with them for light, nutrients, and space. white butterfly is also threatened by this invasive plant. Garlic mustard pushes out certain native species of mustard which the butter- fly relies on for a food source. Paraphrase » }. Garlic mustard was first introduced to the United States in the nineteenth century as a food source. It was first recorded on Long Island but now thrives throughout the eastern and midwestern United States. Paraphrase Lecture 2 4, TV can expose children to new ideas and information that they might other- wise not have access to, Paraphrase74 Writing for the TOEFL iBT 5. The key here is the amount of time spent in front of the TV. Paraphrase 6. Children who spend three hours a day or more in front of the TV do poorly in school, scoring lower on both math and reading tests than children who watch some, but less, TV. Paraphrase Lecture 3 7. Surveys taken near the end of this campaign, in March of last year, showed that well over half of those surveyed were aware of the campaign . . and that 40% reported that they were unlikely to try smoking. Paraphrase 8. Just three months after the campaign ended, this figure changed dramatically. Paraphrase ye . Ar the end of June, 58% of survey participants reported that they were “very likely” to smoke in the next year. At the same time, less than 30% reported awareness of the antismoking campaign. ParaphraseWriting Skills Integrated Task 75 Lecture 4 10. The researchers found that restaurant patrons who heard music with a slow tempo tended to remain at the restaurant longer than patrons who heard fast music. . . . they [also] purchased more food, which of course is the effect desired by the restaurant owner. Paraphrase 11. The study subjects were . . . college students. Some of them heard currently popular hit songs while shopping—the “familiar” music—while others heard music normally aimed at an older age group. Paraphrase 12. [The students] who heard familiar music stayed in the store longer than those listening to unfamiliar music. They also expressed more positive opinions of the products offered for sale. Paraphrase CITING Sometimes when you paraphrase another person's ideas, you may want to include an exact word or phrase that the person said. You need to be careful when you do this. You do not want to copy someone else’s words and pretend they are yours. IF you plagiarize (copy others’ words) on the TOEFL iBT Writing section, your paper will not be scored. You can avoid this problem. You can acknowledge that you are using someone else’ ideas. You can cite this person as the original author of the idea. When you cite another person's words, you do two things: 1. You let the reader know whose words they are. 2. You put quotation marks around the words that the person said or wrote.86 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Summary 4 READING NOTES Main idea ‘A good mood makes shoppers buy more. Supporting details (1) Mood can be affected by weather, personal life, and store environment. (2) Retailers create a store environment to have a positive impact on mood and therefore on sales. LECTURE NOTES Main idea Studies show that mood can make consumers spend more time shopping. Supporting details (1) When listening to slow music, restaurant patrons remained longer and purchased more food. (2) When listening to familiar music, shoppers stayed in a store longer and expressed more positive opinions about the products. ‘THESIS STATEMENT ‘The author proposes that a good mood makes shoppers buy more. Similarly, the speaker explains that studies show that music can make consumers spend more time shopping. PARAPHRASED SENTENCES Reading — A shopper's mood may be influenced by things that retailers cannot control, such as the weather or personal or work problems. = Retailers can influence shoppers’ moods by controlling the store environment. = Shoppers buy more when retailers use lighting, color, and music to improve shopper mood. Lecture = Research showed that slow music caused customers to stay at the restaurant longer and order more food. — Some of the study subjects, college students, heard popular music in the store, and others heard older music. — Those who heard familiar music shopped longer and said better things about the store's products. (based on Reading 4 and Lecture 4, page 51)