RRL For Power Generator Thesis

A. RELATED LITERATURE (LOCAL)

VERBATIM PARAPHRASED
1. (Jane Moraleda, 2015)

In recent years, the Philippine economy The Philippine economy progressively grows in
continues to boom. Together with this growth the past few decades. One of the reasons of
is the increase in supply and demand across this development is the expansion of
sectors. Focusing on the energy sector of the marketing throughout the country that leads
country, despite conventional energy to the high demand on different sectors.
consumption dropping, the move to According to the International Energy
renewable energy sources projects increase in Statistics (IES) latest research on consumption
the near future’s consumption. of energy in the Philippines, the primary
energy consumption of the country reaches
According to the International Energy approximately 1.260 quadrillion British
Statistics (IES) latest study on Philippine thermal units (Btu). This shows the amount of
energy consumption, the total primary energy energy being consumed is only 1 percent on
usage of the country reaches roughly 1.260 the total usage of Asia and Oceania. On the
quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). This other hand, the Philippines have initiated
amount shows that the country’s energy using renewable energy resources like natural
consumption level is drastically low as it barely gas that is often used in human daily life.
makes up 1 percent of the total 199 Btu total
energy consumed by Asia and Oceania.
However in Southeast Asia, the Philippines is
positioned at the median of countries in terms
of energy utilization. Concurrently, the
Philippines have started to prefer renewable
sources. Natural gas often used for heating,
cooking, and electricity generation is
consumed at 102.41 billion cubic feet. This
amount is higher from the previous year’s
99.09 billion cubic feet.
2. (Lean Santos, 2013)

The benefits of renewable energy for power The advantages of sustainable power source
consumers in the Philippines will overtake its for consumers in the Philippines will make it
currently high cost, according to a study. more costly than before. Based on the report
discharged by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
In a report released by the Deutsche Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or
Gesellschaft für Internationale the German Society for International
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or the German Cooperation, the high demand for energy in
Society for International Cooperation, the Philippines will be resolved by means of
renewable energy (RE), particularly in the using renewable resources despite its high
Philippines, can help answer the country's cost compared to other energy sources like
growing energy demand despite concerns coal and oil.
about high cost and unreliability compared to
coal and oil.
3. (Asian Briefing, 2017)

There has been a general expansion in solar In terms of solar power generation, ASEAN
power generation in Asia as opposed to countries like Philippines have a great
Europe and the rest of the world, and ASEAN potential compared to Europe and other parts
countries, including the Philippines have a of the world. The electricity cost in the country
greater growth potential. Current electricity is the highest among Asian countries together
costs in the Philippines are the highest in Asia,
including Japan. This makes the solar power
including Japan. This makes solar power a become not costly as other previous energy
much cheaper and economically more sources. Considering the fact that Philippines
advantageous option in the Philippines. The is the fast growing country and population in
Philippines is a country of 102 million people, Asia, the expected demand for electricity will
and is a relatively fast growing Asian economy, be higher, adding roughly 7,000 megawatts on
and it is anticipated that 7000MW of power the next five years. Based on estimation,
generation will be added over the next five around 16 million people are living without
years. electricity. Some of the residence areas are
starting to buy solar panels and batteries that
An estimated 16 million people are off the grid will be used then. The Philippine government
with regards to current electricity supply, and is inclined to reduce the carbon emissions by
this includes approximately 6000 schools. This 70% on the year 2030.
demonstrates the potential for supplying solar
power to the Philippines. Residents in off grid
areas are beginning to arrange the finance to
purchase solar panels, batteries etc. The
Philippine Government has also committed to
a 70% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030
and has a 15.3GW renewable energy target,
thus encouraging a large increase in solar
power as an energy source.
4. (Clean Technica, 2016)

The Philippines has overtaken all other When it comes to wind energy capacity, the
members of the Association of Southeast Philippines have more operational wind
Asian Nations in terms of installed wind energy capacity of 400 megawatts, much
energy capacity. greater than other ASEAN countries. For the
Philippines now has an operational wind next few years, the country is planning to
energy capacity of 400 MW, more than further increase its capacity to 1,600
anything other country in the Association ofmegawatts. Several investments from
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, domestic and international developers had
according to media reports quoting former been here due to the Renewable Energy Law
Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri, who played an of 2008. This led into one of the most
important role in the passage of Renewable prominent and well-known benefit of the law
Energy Law of 2008. which is the largest wind energy project with
150 megawatts installed. The project will ofset
The Philippines is planning to increase the approximately 200,000 tonnes of carbon
installed wind energy capacity to 1,600 MW dioxide emissions throughout the country.
over the next 2-3 years. The Renewable
Energy Law of 2008, which also led to the
launch of feed-in tariff scheme, attracted
investment from several domestic and
international project developers. One of the
most famous examples of the benefits of the
Law is the Philippines’ largest wind energy
project, with an installed capacity of 150 MW,
and owned by Energy Development
Corporation. The project will include 50 units
of the Vestas V90-3 MW turbine. The project
is expected to generate 370 GWh of electricity
every year and offset about 200,000 tonnes of
carbon dioxide emissions.
5. (Solenergy Systems Inc.)

The Philippines as a tropical archipelago has
the potential to generate a lot of energy from
natural resources. In recent years, solar
panels in the Philippines have come to the
forefront in cost efficiency with regular
consumers. In truth, the Philippines have
been generating energy from renewable
resources for a long while now. It has only
been in recent history that more and more of
the Filipino people are recognizing the
benefits of renewable energies as an
alternative to oil and carbon.
Hydroelectric Power
Moving water is a powerful source of energy.
The power harnessed from moving bodies of
water is called hydroelectric power. The
Philippines make use of two methods in order
to harness power; dam storage or
impoundment, and run-of-river.
The Philippine archipelago is a tropical country
that has a great potential in producing energy
from natural resources. However, as of now,
renewable resources are being used to
preserve the resources in nature. More
Filipinos prefer to use renewable resources for
energy instead of coal, oil and carbon. This
includes the Hydroelectric power, Solar power
and Wind energy. First, in hydroelectric
power, the country uses dam storage and run-
of-river to harness energy. Second, in solar
power, industrial sized photovoltaic plants are
being used in the sunny parts of the country.
Lastly, in wind energy, air turbines supply
kinetic energy mechanically.

Solar Power

Solar energy is used as a source of energy in

the Philippines through industrial sized
photovoltaic plants in the country. The
Philippines has only recently incorporated
large scale solar farms in the country, despite
the fact that the country is geographically
located in a region that receives a high
amount of sunlight each year.
 Wind Energy

Like water, moving air also generates energy

through wind turbines that supply kinetic
energy through mechanical power. The
turbines then power a generator to produce
energy. The Philippines has plenty of sources
for generating energy through the renewable
energy plants spread out in the country. At
present, there have been an increased
number of consumers incorporating the use of
solar panels in the Philippines. This rise in
awareness has sparked the Filipino community
to recognize the many benefits of having clean
energies powering our homes and businesses.

B. RELATED LITERATURE (FOREIGN)

VERBATIM PARAPHRASED
1. (Destreza, 2014).

The development of the project has been
recommended. Generation of electricity has
many different sources where waterfall is the
famous among it have been made. Wind
energy was also a source of the electrical
energy in other countries that wind is
continuously blowing. Solar panels have been
also converted solar power to electrical power
which is now abundant in many tropical
countries.
Those sources mentioned the prime movers
from natural made sources. Portable
generators were made possible with the use
of fuel, diesel or gasoline. Moreover, they
prove the portable generator is very useful in
many ways such as: lessen the noise
generated, smoke free, less fuel consumption,
portability, etc. The main problem is the rising
price of the fuel in the market which is very
needed to make the generator operate.
Moreover, to help to the other sources
electrical energy like waterfall, solar panel and
wind turbines to proven also as one the
sources of electrical energy to every countries
in the world.
There can be lot of different ways to generate
electricity, where the famous among that have
been made is waterfall. In countries where the
wind continues blowing, wind energy can be
converted on electrical energy, as well as solar
panels to electrical power source which is an
abundant in tropical countries.
The following electrical sources that have
been mentioned are made from natural way
of generation. Furthermore, portable
generators are useful in many ways such as:
environmentally friendly, (by lessening the
consumption of fuel, and smoke-free), it also
lessens the noise generated, and portable.
Rising price of fuel is one main problem which
is needed in operating a generator. Moreover,
waterfall, wind turbines and solar panels can
produce an effective electrical energy to help
countries around the world.
2. (New World Encyclopedia, 2017)
An electrical generator is a device that
converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy, generally using electromagnetic
induction. The source of mechanical energy
may be a reciprocating or turbine steam
engine, water falling through a turbine or
waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a
wind turbine, a hand crank, or any other
source of mechanical energy.
Today, generators are used in many different
machines and have led to many modern
advances. In the future, we may see electrical
generators become smaller with larger
outputs. At some point, though, they may
become obsolete if electrical energy is
generated directly by an alternative energy
source.
3. (Department of Energy and Climate Change
(DECC), 2011)
Electricity is becoming an ever more essential
part of diverse everyday practices and
economic activities; living and working
without electricity is inconceivable to many.
As the energy system is decarbonized, it is
likely that electricity will supply more services,
including heating and transport (Department
of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), 2011),
thereby increasing this dependence on a
reliable supply of electricity. Electricity
demand may rise in the future as an increase
in cooling, as well as the electrification of
services, places increased pressure on
electricity networks.
4. (Continuing Education and Development
(CED) 2010)
When a generator delivers current to a load,
the armature current creates a magnetic force
that opposes the rotation of the armature.
This is called motor reaction. A single
armature conductor is when the conductor is
stationary, no voltage is generated and no
current flows. Therefore, no force acts on the
This electrical generator that converts the
mechanical energy to electrical energy is a
device which is generally using a
electromagnetic induction. Water falling
through turbine or waterwheel, wind turbine
steam engine or solar panel, an internal
combustion engine, is a source of mechanical
energy.
Most of the generators are used which led to
advance the modernity. In the future
generations, they may see a small generator
that can hold a larger load capacity. Further, if
electrical energy is generated by an alternative
energy source, they may become obsolete.
Electricity is becoming more essential part of
everyday life of a person, wherein having
without electricity may negatively affect too
many. Using energy system by decarbonizing,
it is likely electricity may supply a lot of
services including heating and transport,
hence, dependence on reliable supply of
electricity increases. The demand on
electricity may raise the future to increase
pressure on electricity networks. (Department
of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), 2011)
A generator which is delivering current to a
load creates a magnetic force that opposes
the rotation of the armature making it
continuously. When the conductor is
stationary, no rotation, no voltage and no
current produced. Therefore no electrical
energy. The direction of rotation indicated has
conductor. When the conductor is moved
downward and the circuit is completed
through an external load, current flows
through the conductor in the direction
indicated. This sets up lines of flux around the
conductor in a clockwise direction.
DC motors can be also a great supply. They
can be used for general lighting, used to
charge battery because they can be made to
give constant output voltage, used for giving
the excitations to the alternators, and they are
also used for small power supply. With the
gelp of DC motors that person can enhance his
or her ability to provide a good conductor in
our society. And help other people who are
not able knowledge about or along DC motors.
an impact to the loads. The rotation or the set
up lines is in clockwise direction.
DC motors might be a source of electrical
supply. It has a lot of different uses, such as
general lighting, can charge a battery and it
can give a constant output voltage, also, can
be a small power supply. However, people
who are advanced can help share the
knowledge about or along the DC motors that
may also help society.