EAPP 1ST MONTHLY EXAM HANDOUT REVIEWER

COVERAGE:
1. Academic and Non-academic Texts
2. Structure of Academic Texts Academic vs Non-academic Texts (Venn Diagram)
3. Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Direct
Quotation Academic Texts Similarity of Non-academic
4. Outlining (Unique Academic and Texts
5. Citing Sources Feature/s) Non- (Unique
6. Reaction Papers/ Critiques academic Feature/s)
Texts
Lessons 1 and 2: Academic and Non-academic Texts
and Stucture of Academic Texts Academic texts Both have an Does not have
REQUIRE Introduction, citations
Academic Texts CITATIONS Body and
- these are texts which have a clear structure, Conclusion Language and
composed of the Introduction, Body and Language AND style vary from
Conclusion. style are formal to literary
- These follow the properties of a well-written ALWAYS formal
text such as: organization, coherence, cohesion, Content may be
etc. Content is information/data
- They use precise language and avoid jargons, inclined to that or something
state critical questions and cite their sources of literary (i.e.
- They are usually used in writing research information/data poems, stories,
papers because they include concepts and etc)
theories which are used in a specific field/
discipline
*From the diagram, it may be concluded that academic
Examples: and non-academic texts share only one similarity, but
1. Thesis differ totally in terms of structure, language, style and
2. Research Papers content.
3. Dissertations
Reading Academic Texts
Parts of an Academic Text: - since academic texts have a more technical and
a. Introduction – this is where the overview of the formal structure and content, reading them
text and the thesis statement are written. requires FOCUS and UNDERSTANDING
b. Body – this part contains the main arguments, - a reader must interact with the text by asking
claims, supporting details and other important questions about the text and relating the text to
details of the text. real-life events
c. Conclusion – this is where the author wraps up - as such, CRITICAL READING must be used to
the details or resolves the initial issue/problem identify those key issues and arguments in the
stated in the earlier parts of the text. text

Non-academic Texts Critical Reading Process

- these are texts which may be composed using a - in simplest terms, the process of critical reading
variety of structures. is as follows:
- The language used in non-academic texts may a. Identify the type of academic text
differ. They may be formal or even literary. being read
b. Identify the purpose of the author
Examples: in writing the text
1. Poems c. Annotate (take down notes) the
2. Short Stories text
3. Newspaper articles d. Reflect on what you have read
4. Magazines
*Annotation is the process of jotting down
notes regarding the text which includes:
unfamiliar words, key concepts and helps the
reader to dissect the complicated parts of the
text being read
EAPP 1ST MONTHLY EXAM HANDOUT REVIEWER

Lesson 3: Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Direct Lesson 4: Outlining and Citing Sources
Quotation
Outlining
Summarizing - this is a map of your essay, showing the
- it allows a reader to determine the essential sequence of the details of the essay and what
parts of a book, article, or chapter each section will contain
- these essential parts usually include the gist or - this helps to organize a reader’s or writer’s
main idea, key information and other important ideas in a text
phrases - most outlines use bullet points or numbers in
order to create and outline
Keyword/s: SHORTENED VERSION - simple/basic applications of outlining may be
found in restaurant menus and even in the
Paraphrasing table of contents of a book
- this is a process of expressing the author’s
statements in your own words, without Types of Outlines:
changing the thought of the text 1. Topic Outline- a topic outline is a type of
- there are two steps in paraphrasing: outline that makes use of key terms and
o change the sentence structure/s phrases ONLY
o change the words used 2. Sentence Outline- this transforms the key terms
and phrases into full sentences.
Keyword/s: ALTERATION, OWN WORDS
*Outlines are usually done before writing and after
Direct Quotation reading a text.
- this is done by getting a part of the original
statement of the author and placing them Citations
inside quotation marks - we are asked to cite our sources in order to give
- This is done to preserve the impact of the credit to the original author and to help your
original statement and to emphasize very readers identify the original source of the data
important details in the original statement. - we also cite our sources in order to avoid
committing PLAGIARISM
Keyword/s: ORIGINAL STATEMENT IN QUOTATION
MARKS Forms of Citations:
1. In-text Citations- these citations are located
Tabular Presentation of Summary, Paraphrasing, Direct INSIDE the text and cites the details of the
Quotation reference used in his/her work
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct 2. Reference Citations- these citations are located
Quotation at the end of the text, and contains ALL the
This is done to This is done to This is done to bibliographic details of a source text
shorten lengthy express a preserve the
texts, by complicated impact of the In-text Citations Reference Citations
focusing only on text in your original text.
the important own words. Located INSIDE the text Located at THE END of a
details. This is done by text
Paraphrasing enclosing the
The summary is helps to check original Contains only the author Contains ALL the
ALWAYS shorter whether you statement and the year bibliographic details of a
than the have inside quotation source: author, year,
original text. understood a marks AND title of text, place of
text completely. citing your publishing, publisher,
The thought of source. website, etc.
the original text The
and the paraphrased When you
summary must version must direct quote, *In-text citations and Reference citations are different
be the same. have the same make sure you in terms of: their location in the paper and the content
thought as the are getting the of the citation
original text. important
details in the
statement.
EAPP 1ST MONTHLY EXAM HANDOUT REVIEWER
APA Format Guidelines:
In-text Citation:
Single Author
1. Author surname (year)
2. (Author surname, year)
Examples:
1. According to Barrot (2016), …
2. … (Barrot, 2016).
2-3 Authors
1. Author 1 surname, Author 2 surname, &
Author 3 surname (year)
2. (Author 1 surname, Author 2 surname and
Author 3 surname, year)
Examples:
1. According to Barrot, Sipacio & WIkins (2016), …
2. … (Barrot, Sipacio and Wilkins, 2016).
Multiple Authors (First Citation)
1. Author 1 surname, Author 2 surname, Author 3
surname & Author 4 surname (year)
2. (Author 1 surname, Author 2 surname, Author
3 surname and Author 4 surname, year)
Examples:
1. According to Barrot, Sipacio, Wilkins & Reyes
(2016), …
2. … (Barrot, Sipacio, Wilkins and Reyes, 2016).
Multiple Authors (After 1st Citation)
1. Author 1 surname, et al (year)
2. (Author 1 surname et al, year)
Examples:
1. According to Barrot et al. (2016), …
2. … (Barrot et al., 2016)
No Date
1. Author (n.d.)
2. (Author, n.d.)
Reference Citation (Basic Sources):
Printed Book:
Author/s surname, First Name Initial. (Year). Title of the
book. Place of publishing: Publisher.
Example:
Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and crowded: Why we
need a green revolution- and how it can renew
America. NY:Picador.
Online Journal:
Author/s surname, First Name Initial. (Year). Title of the
journal artile. Name of the journal. DOI or Retrieved
from URL.
 If the article has been assigned with a digital
object identifier (doi) then you should indicate
it. Otherwise, use the URL of the article
preceded by a signal phrase “Retrieved from”.
Include volume number, issue number enclosed
in parentheses (if available), and page
number/s.
Examples:
Barrot, J.S. (2013). A macro perspective onkey issues in
English as a second language (ESL) pedagogy in the
postmethod era: Confronting challenges through
sociocognitive-transformative approach. The Asia-
Pacific Education Researcher. Doi: 10.1007/s40299-
013-0119-4.
Guthrie, K., & McCraken, H. (2010). Reflective
pedagogy: Making meaning in experiential based
online courses. Journal of Educators Online, 7 (2), 1-
21. Retrieved from
http://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume7Number2
/GuthriePaper.pdf.
Online Sources:
Author/s surname, First Name Initial. (Year). Title of the
article. Retrieved from URL.
Example:
OWL Purdue University Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). APA
style. Retrieved from
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
Printed Journals:
Author/s surname, First Name Initial. (Year). Title of the
journal artile. Name of the journal Series No. (Issue No.),
Page nos.
Lesson 5: Reaction Papers and Critiques
Reaction Paper/ Critique
- it is a document that evaluates/assesses a
scholarly work, a work of art, an architectural or
industrial design, etc
- it is not only composed of the reader’s opinions,
but is also supported by facts
Approaches in Writing a Literary Critique
1. Formalism
2. Feminism
3. Reader’s Response
4. Marxism
Formalism- this is an approach that uses the
fundamental elements of a literary work
as the basis of the critique and is focused
on the text itself
EAPP 1ST MONTHLY EXAM HANDOUT REVIEWER

Feminism- this is an approach that looks into the

portrayals of the genders and the roles
that the genders play in a literary text

Reader’s Response- this approach focuses on the

reviewer’s reaction to text as a reader; the
evaluation of a text is totally dependent on
how a reader interprets the text

Marxism- this is an approach that is concerned with the

differences of the social classes, and the
struggles that the social classes may have
between them or within them