METHOD OF

TYPE OF TISSUE TRANSMISSION

Name DISEASE PRODUCED VIRULENCE FACTORS NORMAL HABITAT EXTRA INFO TREATMENT
MICROBE AFFECTED
Streptococcus Human nasopharynx, can Penicillin, if resistant Broad
Lungs, Respiratory Polysaccharide capsule, and Alpha hemolytic on BA
pneumoniae (primary, G+ Bacteria Pneumonia Aspiration colonize in lungs, sinuses, & spectrum Fluoroquinolone ,
System secretes protein adhesins (aerobic)
local) middle ear Levofloxacin …
Resides in the soil in certain
(desert-like) parts of the
southwestern United States,
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioidomycosis Lungs, Respiratory Aspiration of the northern Mexico, and parts of Oral Fluconazole and
(endemic, Fungi
(Valley Fever) System spores (arthroconidia) Central and South America, intravenous Amphotericin B
noncommunicable)
inhabits alkaline soil, isolated in
rodent burrows at desert-like
areas of southwest United States
Cell wall - prevents the
Mycobacterium Aspiration via droplet fusion of the phagosome with Humans are the natural reservoir
tuberculosis (chronic, Mycobacteria Tuberculosis Respiratory System nuclei suspended in the a lysosome, resists (source) of M. tuberculosis; there
latent) air dehydration (TDM; cord is no animal reservoir.
factor?)
Ingestion of
contaminated food
Campylobacter jejuni
Gastroenteritis, gastritis, Gastric/Enteric (particularly poultry), Endotoxin, Flagellum,
(acute, G- Bacteria commonly found in animal feces
septicemia Digestive System unpasteurized milk, or Adhesins, Invasins
noncommunicable)
improperly treated
water (and Fecal-oral)
Enterotoxins (A to E);
Staphylococcus
Gastric/Enteric Foodborne Enzymes: hyaluronidase, Normal flora of human skin and
aureus (intoxication, G+ Bacteria Enterotoxicosis
Digestive System (temperature abuse?) DNase, coagulases; mucous membranes
noninfectious)
Cytotoxins (hemolysins)
Foodborne (fecally- found worldwide in warm- and
Salmonella (acute, Enteritis, enteric fever, Gastric/Enteric Polysaccharide capsule, ID50
G- Bacteria contaminated), person- cold-blooded animals, in humans,
contagious) septicemia Digestive System = 15-20 cells
to-person and in nonliving habitats
Helicobacter pylori Believed to be orally Enzyme: Urease; Pilus-like
Gastritis (acute or Gastric/Enteric
(communicable, G- Bacteria transmitted person-to- secretion system Gastric mucosa (50% of humans)
chronic) Digestive System
chronic) person (carcinogenic?)
Ingestion of infective Giardia duodenalis, Metronidazole, Nitazoxanide
Intestinal tract of warm-blooded
Giardia intestinalis Giardiasis (or beaver Gastric/Enteric cysts; person-to- Giardia lamblia, Giardia (good for treating children),
Protozoa VSP proteins animals (can survive in water
(primary, reservoir) fever) Digestive System person, water-borne, intestinalis nicknamed Tinidazole, Paromomycin,
reservoirs)
and venereal "clown face" Quinacrine and Furazolidone
Staphylococcus MRSA, Bacteremia,
Transmission by direct Normal flora of human skin and
aureus (nosocomial, G+ Bacteria Scalded skin syndrome, Skin, wound Exotoxin #1 nosocomial infection
contact or by fomite mucous membranes
local/systemic) Cellulitis, Impetigo
Transmission by direct
Pseudomonas
contact, fomite, or
aeruginosa endotoxins, exotoxins, pilus Hospitals, soil, water, & can cause corneal
G- Bacteria Skin, wound ingestion of
(nosocomial, adhesion, & leukocidin vegetation infection
contaminated food and
iatrogenic)
water
Streptococcus
Strep throat/pharyngitis,
pyogenes (Group A M protein (adheres to tissue
G+ Bacteria Scarlet fever, Necrotizing Skin, wound Airborne Oropharynx (transient)
Strep) (acute, and prevents phagocytosis)
fascitis
invasive)
 Passed to babies upon
Sequelae: Hearing impairment
Streptococcus birth for early onset <
Neonatal - early onset Normal flora of GI tract, and and CNS changes: cortical
agalactiae (Group B 7 days, late onset may
G+ Bacteria Sepsis and Pneumonia, Neonatal the genitourinary of 15-40% blindness, complex seizure
Step) (septicemia, be nosocomial and/or
late onset Meningitis of women disorders, mental motor
sequelae) perinatally acquired
retardation, learning disabilities
(contact)
Syphilis is nicknamed the
"Great Imitator" because
Treponema pallidum G- Bacteria Contact, or from so many of the (early)
Syphilis Urogenital
(congenital, reservoir) (Spirochete) mother to fetus signs and symptoms are
indistinguishable from
those of other diseases
Sequelae in women
include pelvic
Gram- Chlamydia, Obligate intracellular parasite, C. inflammatory disease,
Chlamydia
indeterminate Lymphogranuloma trachomatis has a limited host ectopic pregnancy and
trachomatis Urogenital, eye Contact
Bacteria (cannot venereum LGV, range and only infects human sterility, C. trachomatis
(subclinical, carrier)
be gram stained) Trachoma (conjunctivitis) epithelial cells leading cause female
reproductive problems in
U.S.
usually commensal, but
Antifungals such as:
Moniliasis (Monilial when circumstances
Candida albicans Contact - sexual or Normal flora of the human Butoconazole, Clotrimazole,
Fungi, yeast vaginitis), Oral Urogenital change becomes
(opportunistic, acute) skin, Airborne mouth, GI tract, skin, & vagina Miconazole, Tioconazole,
candidiasis (thrush) opportunistic secondary
Terconazole
infection
Sexual contact, or from
Major reservoir is
mother to fetus, genital
Obligate human pathogen with asymptomatic carriage in
Neisseria gonorrhea to genital, genital to
G- Bacteria Gonorrhea Urogenital mucosa Pilus, Adherence, Protease no known environmental females, 2 to 6 day
(acute, primary) oral, finger/towel to
reservoirs incubation, "greenish
eye and genital and
discharge"
oral
While T. vaginalis does not have possible sequelæ of T.
a cyst form, organisms can vaginalis: increased risk of
Trichomonas survive for up to 24 hours in transmission of HIV, low-
Infection of the Metronidazole, alternative
vaginalis (subclinical, Protozoa Trichomoniasis Sexual contact Adherence urine, semen, or even water birth-weight or premature
urogenital tract Tinidazole
local) samples. It has an ability to infant, raises the risks of
persist on fomites with a moist prostate cancer due to
surface for 1 to 2 hours. inflammation.

Lymph Nodes, Bubonic - localized in

Lungs, & lymph nodes, Pneumonic -
Plague(s): Bubonic, Rat Flea Vector,
Yersinia pestis Blood/Circulatory Endemic rodent reservoir (+ Rat lungs, Septicemic - blood Streptomycin, Gentamicin,
G- Bacteria Pneumonic, and Inhalation of aerosol
(endemic, zoonotic) with disseminated Fleas) circulation systemic; exit Doxycycline, or Ciprofloxacin
Septicemic droplets
intravascular eyes nose & mouth;
coagulation (DIC) hemorrhaging from inside
out
Clostridium tetani G+ Bacteria Tetanus Neurons, CNS: Anaerobic spores enter Tetanospasmin, a Neurotoxin ubiquitous bacilli commonly nickname "Lockjaw" - the Treatment involves
(intoxication, peripheral nerve wound, Vegetative that blocks action (release of found throughout the world in only vaccine-preventable debridement, the antibiotic
noncommunicable) terminals, the spinal cells produce toxins glycine) of inhibitory soil, water, and gastrointestinal disease that is infectious metronidazole, active
cord, and brain, SNS neurones tracts of animals as well as but not contagious immunization with tetanus
humans toxoid, + passive immunization
 with tetanus immune globulin
most commonly
Clostridium contaminated foods:
Foodborne
botulinum Neurons (inhibit NT Botulin, neurotoxin that prevalent in soil and water, home-canned vegetables,
G+ Bacteria Botulism intoxication, (infant Botulinus antitoxin
(noninfectious, synapsis) causes flaccid paralysis anaerobic endospores cured pork and ham,
infection)
intoxication) smoked or raw fish, and
honey or corn syrup
"the brain-eating amoeba"
or "The life cycle of the
CNS Neurons, via warm-water bodies, including ameba has 3 stages:
Primary Amebic
Naegleria fowleri olfactory mucosa and Enters through the man-made lakes and ponds, hot trophozoite (vegetative or
Protozoa Meningoencephalitis
(acute, reservoir) cribriform plate, into nose springs, and thermally polluted feeding stage, found in
(PAM or PAME)
brain streams and rivers CSF), a temporary
flagellar stage known as
ameboflagellate, and cyst.
2 drugs administered
concurrently, optimally
Helminth (W.
albendazole with DEC
bancrofti is a Human beings serve as the W. bancrofti largely
Lymphatic Filariasis, Lymph nodes and (diethylcarbamazine) or
Wucheraria bancrofti thread-like, Mosquito Vector definitive host and mosquitoes as affects areas across the
Elephantiasis vessels ivermectin is 99% effective in
parasitic filarial their intermediate hosts broad equatorial belt
removing microfilariae from
worm)
the blood for a full year after
treatment.