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Cultural Group Ecology

How has human innovation caused "unintended consequences"?

Human innovation has been significant years since most of them have made life easier. However,

some innovations have caused more harm than good. Either due to negligence of the experts or

due to unanticipated malfunctioning of the innovations. Most of these consequences have been

dramatically felt in climate change. Weapon innovations have also had negative impacts from the

intended causes. Apart from these two innovations, information technology is another innovation

that will have detrimental consequences to human lives when not carefully monitored.

A good example where information technology had unintended consequences is the one that

occurred in the London Ambulance services in 1991.in this innovation, the government wanted

to achieve the ambulances to reach 95% of the emergencies within 20 minutes. The grand plan

was to attain this through a computer dispatch system. When they started to put the system into

task through a semi-automated system partially, the number of emergencies reached within 20

minutes dropped from 64% to 29% (Anne-Marie, et a, pg 102). The government ignored the poor
results and directly automated the entire system. On the first day, 20% of emergencies were

reached, and the percentage dropped further below the expectations in the following days.

The next few hours after full automation, it took staff up to 11 minutes to answer the incoming

calls. The number of phone calls increased, and people wondered why the ambulances weren't

responding. The management decided to switch back to the semi-automated system, and days

later, the whole system crashed; over 2 million pounds were flat-lined.

This occurred because the government and the management were determined to introduce new

technology in less than 14 months (Tiago et al, np). After an investigation was done, it was

established that a proper system would have taken around six years to function correctly with

appropriate testing and quality controls conducted.

The government and the management had the best interest for the patients to immediately be

served. Still, the innovation brought an unintended consequence, causing more delays and pain to

the patients.

It is the responsibility of all people to think about the tools and techniques that they are

developing. All innovations should pass every test that is required, and adequate time should be

taken in examining the innovations.

Ecology of the Tiwi cultural group

Tiwi is the language of the aboriginal people who were inhabitants and owners of Melville Island

and the island of Bathurst in north Australia. Tiwi means' people'. The Melville Island and the

Bathurst island are narrowly separated from each other narrow channel with no half a mile

across. Tiwi people are separated from the Australian mainland people by the Clarence Strait in
the south, and to the east, they are separated by the Dundas strait. The narrowest distance from

the continental distance is approximately fifty to fifteen miles. The Australian mainland's

proximity to the Melville and Bathurst islands, one would think there were close interactions

between the people who lived there, but in reality, there were no interactions between The Tiwi

and the mainland tribes were near them. The Tiwi language is polysynthetic and, mainly, it is an

agglutinative language. This means that the nouns are incorporating, prefixes predominating, and

the verbs are in the synthesis. Before the Europeans influenced the Tiwi people in the twentieth

century, the Tiwi people were had fourteen subgroups in which they were subdivided. These

groups had their areas in which each group lived and hunted, but on some big tribal occasions,

they gathered together but had little contact with other tribes. This thus explains why there were

such significant dialect differences in languages. Presently, Tiwi is one of the very few languages

in Australia, which is still used in full as a means of regular communication in the tribe. Most

other aboriginal languages in Australia have either disintegrated or disappeared entirely.

Habitat

Most of the houses where the Tiwi people live were majorly built by contractors from outside,

with each housing having at least two to four bedrooms, a kitchen, a bath, and plumbing.

Some families have built their own homes away from the townships in their local groups' land,

but they lack to enjoy some services found in the township. In return, they travel distances for

shopping and educational and health benefits (Andrée et al pg 56). Families who own private

boats and vehicles frequently leave their homes for hunting and attending ceremonies, and others

fly to Drawing to do shopping. Under the Land Rights Bill of 1976, traditional Tiwi landowners

were granted back their original tribal lands, which marked the most important history of the

Tiwi people.
subsistence

Before the settlement of the Europeans in the islands of Melville and Bathurst, the was

subsistence economic activity among the Tiwi people (Frances et al pg 99). These included

hunting, fishing, getting forages from the sea, bush, and on the shorelines. Although the

Europeans have greatly disorganized the aboriginal Tiwi people by creating employments,

introducing educational systems and health centers, they are still very concerned about their

culture. They greatly value hunted food and bush diet over store-bought foods that the Europeans

introduced.

Economic activities

Before the twentieth century, the external trade between the Tiwi people and the mainland

people did not exist. Currently, there are several local industries that are doing very well, such as

silk-screened textiles, clothing manufacturing, and recently the Australian government has set up

a large pine plantation.

Social organization

The social organization was mainly characterized by matrilineal clans and local groups affiliated

with each community. In the matrilineal clans, the leadership was predominantly ceremonial and

was given according to how senior or competent a male was. Some were ordained as leaders

depending on how many multiple marriage contracts one would acquire for themselves and how

their families were influential, and how large they were.

Political organization.

The authority imposed the kinship, the in-group, local group organization in the township

council, and the Tiwi Land Council. In the three communities, a township council is empowered

to impose laws and to regulate community affairs.

Reflection on globalization

Globalization is referred to as the connectedness of countries internationally due to various

relationships such b businesses, geographical politics, and technological travel, culture, and

media. Since time immemorial, globalization has been there, but the only difference has been

globalization. About 100 years ago, there was Anglo globalization when the British empire was

governing more than 30% of the entire world. Global trade was very significant and was carried

out through sea routes, and also there was a substantial financial integration, and the world was

wired and connected through telegraphs. Later on, in the late 1800 and early 1900, information n

started moving with speed, and the cost of relaying information also reduced significantly.

There are both similarities and differences in past and present globalization. One of the

similarities is that both had free trade despite some restrictions that exist between countries.

Another similarity is that in both ages, there is a free capital market (Dima Stela et al pg 66).

Labor migration lived many years ago, and still, there is labor migration through mass migration.

The striking differences between the past and present migration are that money was gold in the

past, but today currency of the particular countries is used, and there are exchanging rates.

Another difference Is that there is a direct foreign investment where international markets are

free to invest in any country they wish, unlike in the past where foreign direct investment was

less critical.
As much as globalization has been of benefit, it also has many challenges. Some of these

challenges include exploitation, whereby developed countries are exploiting developing

countries (Jonathan et al np). This is through using the cheap market and the lax tax regulations

in developing countries, which has led to [pollution and suffering of people in those countries.

The high investment cost is another challenge that has been brought about by globalization due

to the heavy tax the foreigners are subjected to. Another challenge has been immigration.

Industrialized nations face a significant challenge from the increased populations of immigrants

searching for job opportunities.

The future of globalization looks pretty bright. This is due to the advanced technologies

emerging day and night and innovations; the global economy will integrate more be more

connected. Globalist ion will greatly enhance national policies and designs due to external

related factors. Emerging markets are likely to be the most affected by globalization due to the

consequent demand for technology and the development of skills to address challenges and

enhance growth.

Work cited

Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie, et al. "The unintended consequences of community

verifications for performance-based financing in Burkina Faso." Social science & medicine 191

(2017): 226-236.
Colicchio, Tiago K., James J. Cimino, and Guilherme Del Fiol. "Unintended consequences of

nationwide electronic health record adoption: challenges and opportunities in the post-

meaningful use era." Journal of medical Internet research 21.6 (2019): e13313.

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Tiwi of Northern Australia." Common Worlds and Single Lives. Routledge, 2020. 71-93.

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Place for Tiwi teachers and Tiwi language in learning." History of bilingual education in the

Northern Territory. Springer, Singapore, 2017. 113-126.

Michie, Jonathan, ed. The handbook of globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.

Olimpia, Neagu, and Dima Stela. "Impact of Globalisation on Economic Growth in Romania: An

Empirical Analysis of Its Economic, Social and Political Dimensions." Studia Universitatis

„Vasile Goldis” Arad–Economics Series 27.1 (2017): 29-40.