Muhammad Farhan SP20-BSE-049

Question 1:
Communication is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning. communication
is the relationship that involves interaction between participants. Culture can be defined as a
similar set of values, customs or attitudes, shared by a specific group of people. Culture is
the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be
the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.

Culture and communication are not separable from each other. In order to have proper
relationships, culture plays a very important role as a means by which these relationships are
expressed, but at the same time there must be adequate communication. There is, as can be seen,
an almost universal tendency to judge other cultures and communities based on someone's
cultural biases.
There are many cultural aspects where communication can be affected.
 Behavior
 products
 systems and institutions
 beliefs, attitudes
 basic assumptions and values
There are two types of cultural variables:
 Intercultural variables
 Intracultural variables

Intercultural variables:
Cross-cultural communication looks at how people, from differing cultural backgrounds, struggle
to communicate. The main theories for intercultural communication are based on the
observations of value differences or dissimilar dimensions among cultures.
Intercultural variables exist in:
 Education
 Economics
 Politics
 Language
For example, we cannot advertise our product like “Cigerate” in Europe. France has restrictions
on using of foreign languages in advertisement.
Different countries have different education system. European countries have education system
which is liberal. Also, they have their own language which can be difficult to understand for
foreigners. Muslims cannot have religious material in syllabus. This in opposite in Muslim
countries like Arabia, Pakistan, Iran etc.
The only language that the Prophet (PBUH) knew and spoke was Arabic. There is no resource
mentioning that the Prophet spoke any other languages. It is stated in some resources that he
uttered a few words in Persian but it does not mean that he spoke Persian. After the Prophet
(PBUH) came to Madinah, delegations and letters started to come from various nations,
especially the Jews living around Madinah. The Prophet advised Zayd bin Thabit, one of the
revelation scribes, to learn Hebrew and Syriac in order to understand what the delegations said
and to respond to the letters.

Intracultural variables:

Intracultural communication occurs in interactions between members of a relatively definable

speech community following rules of language and rules of usage with individual choices. We
can elaborate it with the life of prophet Muhammad ( PBUH):

Before the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Arabs used to bury their newborn daughter alive. The most
strident in doing this was Tamim, declaring fear of being subjugated and, that unqualified others
would take advantage of them. But Prophet (PBUH) overcome this culture. He (PBUH) gave
rights to the women.

In Pakistan like Punjab people have different intracultural variables like languages, customs, and
caste.

Question 2:

Nonverbal communication refers to gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact, body
language, posture, and other ways people can communicate without using language. Nonverbal
communication skills can create a positive or a negative impression. Crossed arms can seem
defensive. Poor posture may appear unprofessional. A downward gaze or avoiding eye contact
can detract from you being seen as confident. There are different types of non-verbal
communication:

Kinesics:
In the world of communication, we communicate with others through our 3 major senses sight,
sound, and touch. Thus, kinesics is the study of non-verbal communication through face and
body movements.

Body Appearance:
It is important to have proper body movements while speaking on stage in front of an
audience. Body language is very important in all forms of communication.  General body
appearance also effects on audience like style of walking, dressing of the person, height etc.

Facial Expression:
It is also included in Kinesics. The expressions we see in the faces of others engage a number of
different perceptions. Facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a particular situation.
For example, smile, anger, sadness, fear etc.

Eye Communication:
Eye contact is a type of body language that is very important during communication. Sometimes, our
eyes speak even more than words. Keeping eye contact with the person we are talking to shows that
we are actively listening and paying attention.

Now, we have a case study of teacher and students in which aim was to determine the effect of the
teachers’ non-verbal communication on success in teaching using the findings of the studies
conducted on the relationship between quality of teaching and the teachers’ use of non-verbal
communication and also its impact on success in teaching.

we searched for all articles in this field using key words such as success in teaching and non-
verbal communication. In this study, we did not encode the articles.

Results:
The results of this revealed that there was a strong relationship among the quality, amount and
the method of using non-verbal communication by teachers while teaching. Based on the
findings of the studies reviewed, it was found that
  The more the teachers used non-verbal communication, the more efficacious their
education and the students’ academic progress were.
 Under non-verbal communication, some other patterns were used. For example, team
work, supportive, imaginative, purposive, and balanced communication using speech,
body, and pictures all have been effective in students’ learning and academic success.
 The teachers’ attention to the students’ non-verbal reactions and arranging the syllabus
considering the students’ mood and readiness have been emphasized.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that if this skill is practiced by teachers, it will have a positive and profound
effect on the students’ mood. Non-verbal communication is highly reliable in the communication
process. Based on the obtained results of this study, it is recommended that attention to non-
verbal communication skills can make a positive change in the future of a student’s life. It seems
necessary for the teachers to practice and learn effective communication skills, especially for
those who always interact with a large group of students.