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BartonLienandLunde1974 Engineeringclassificationofrockmassesfor
BartonLienandLunde1974 Engineeringclassificationofrockmassesfor
ges “98 30101 t sm ao popIsuo9>t|s IEUL| “s8unb09 ufol Sy0]Y> 2u108 ‘>u0z seas ut weas 4e[p 2ntuo|]oURLION juyjams asryps poreuraey‘ss € “Sof pasoeum “tpoous ssourjg ‘simons $901 ,99n9 Ns, ‘auarenb ur auo7 sous “yaSu9] wi OS * “(461 11993 323) wapoms -N “oaplyy seasia uu 200p oF] “Wey Joo padoys a8 p94 “uuajpe>) smogar zovea 2oupy “Tui Wo oF § ‘aropuirs syd sos tel 7338 se sansosony “Sy aol pow see3s “ep futuayos-uou pur awoy ser payer “atop tt ago se5qs apn wpe 803, 0009 “(OZ61 [1999 “J>4) UPS “N ‘spi suenatag [pura 2963). “Bunso[q uoyar 3ea1gH940 OUI aupsaid 291M ON “Burpeds sa og—s "398 100 |“ “Seung Sud] WE SIT jeuOSeIp sug ‘paseds AjoHoq9 40 ta89] 1H 9 6c ca won -epuaunmos3y wt uuoddns Sq JOOU INVaS UST ms, 5 “fe % ~ f dow suoddng wea wy8PH NVaS DEPT ‘wops0] ‘wopreaeaxs so as0diind “ ‘aeqeasur jo a1ma2N SSWIV 1DO¥ AO NOLLaNIDSId sais ON a) (0261) 1999 Aq paqiz9seq spz099y ase ay JO X1G 40} HOddNG yo UOHRDHpa1q PUL UOHEDIFISSEID “8 AGELEngineering Classification of Rock Masses for the Design of Tunnel Support 217 be A108 ID, “so12uHNua> UF UOAIS sy SSOUAPIKA 219:9UK09 40 aIDINOYS — -soMOU UF UDAsB s1 BuPeds Jog, “ysour yor] WEY = ‘poosoyupas [a0is = 45 “pooroyuras ysouu = stu ‘Soxpae ax2r9UOD Ise> = YOO Bunjog r0ds = gs Bupjoq reworks = I ‘MIDIOGS = § YE PUR “ET ZL “TL SOIqEL wos} paurErgo st ,uoRepusUUIODY UIEdENg jooy,, wUunIo> puey-aYsNI :2!0N ce 9 L100 95) FH) HOPS “N folsuaig “eum a>espeaq] “¢ “Burundo padeys-aznea 2818] yoy 03 Ino. 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Lunde 218 mt poouls pa tapas orl te oor st nos ut un wo 67 g= co Sor © ot nuts Spor asoxsiyps ssoase Semin 12 GosHe5 ayasnioys Funurol ywonsan sop WpBU9] ws “T—_L9 rs EL 9% ) uapamg "x fag [puum ss200y “¢ juds anoge eaq3240) *Z -9¢ o589 ‘o10u 295 “MoyJue Io18 utoeds tu 0 up 67 $+ sot oe ost se BT dre OT ST "0g am m0ys pur 1z ode 4 POU 199 ce oT eT 25 J) UAPENS “N (sig [SUL sEIPES]Y “¢ 18g 3004 podeys-o8poqy 7 196 asta ‘o10u aag sare uBisu] "BuDeds w sz st st_ 9 z ee 6s wide OT "s'0 “ og saimoys pue 12 Axor *s110q 320% 1 09 awenpy w Ww wope20f Huopeavaxa jo 380¢Rh4 *¢ wonepuomuooss ys as, isu JO 2U03¢N] “EON noddns joou /NWas UH OL GOW pon uoddng wdoq 28H NVds SS¥W NOOY 40 NOLLATWOSAC “I 28D (61) 1999 &q poqusssq spr029y aseD 2y2 JO xIg 10) 120ddng yo woFIa}pazq PUR VOLIPITpISSLID “6 GELEngineering Classification of Rock Masses for the Desiga of Tunnel Support 219 29 Ur HAAS St SSOU}SNIN aIas0uOD 0 aroADIOYS — “SoH UF UDATB sf SuBDeds Jog -ysour yur] wey = wp ‘poosojuras [pars = 48 Spooiojuras yout = sur ‘saypae awsDUOD 18> = YO “Bunjog ods = gs Punjoq sweuorsss = q ‘maINOYs = § Ky ‘PL PuE “EL ZEIT SeIgeL wosy poureago st ,woMepLOUNUODDY HOddng joy, UUENIOD puEY-AYSNE 910 St LOOT {OL6L [1999 24) wjoyyroas, “suds ations sonby pa Sera “= ST OL at See OZ “S9PHs 30 SI]¥y OW SeaIquDAO JONI “7 a “Moy sisi suey jou ope -Sisuy upeds ui p33 4530 200N= Sroge et “Sn poseyme-yanon Seay 0 su08Ne oq 1045 98 ‘nay asin ates pst a 90E “TZ ou ov cH Suomessa (ocet 4995 338) wopams ede apt soa died * wrist a= “su ae aeanqaoao ‘1 Kota ang ‘soquseyp uF 2092240 OZ ve et os or or zt os sau or or “oor 410 gNON= sioquieyp se Go noe ar a00N a os a (o¢61 11999) -oapaqy Borat one run 20a“ o=0 2H Oris 2 z Ssans sysy_ 4d “ears Somos st_o1 t ses 8 agin A19Q. HON or st Sop gine aoa a enians [ “a ‘at 0 41083189 au0N er pore aos OL “TOL ce ot Lb H) Bapaans “NT jy Joor ‘wos ‘sopenuy ur yeazquaao ase °Z220 Chey stom N. Barton, R. Lien, and J. Lunde: GRANITE 60 GRANITE 66 SCHISTOSE METAGREVWACKE _ 87 Pian view Rewer, fT ae Z : : ms a Sedineaion shames ae PRO EOE, ee peng gocher GRANITE 14,75 ay MY, / Plan view of tunnel GRANITE 70 TP err 20m | \ usm | 16m 20m —4 GNeIss n Fig, 8. Sketches of the six case records described in Table 9, after Cecil (1970) Skizzen der sechs Fille, welche nach Cecil (1970) in Tabelle 9 beschrieben sind Croquis représentant les six cas décrits dans le tableau 9, selon Cecil (1970)Engineering Classification of Rock Masses for the Design of Tunnel Support 224 and those requiring some form of permanent support. Classification data for the thirty case records that plot on or below the boundary in Fig. 6 are given in Table 10. ‘As can be seen from the table, out of the thirty case records there are only six supported tunnels that plot below the boundary. The remaining one hundred and ninety case records contain only six further exceptions to the rale; i.e, unsupported tunnels that plot above the diagonal boundary. It therefore appears that self-supporting tunnels can be predicted with accept- able accuracy. The linear boundary can be approximated by the following equation: 2Q04 © where Dé imiting value of SPAN/ESR Q = rock mass quality The unsupported spans listed in Table 10 range from 1.2 to 100 metres. Thus it does not appear that span-width need be a limiting factor, pro- vided the rock mass quality is sufficiently high. In fact the Carlsbad lime- stone caverns of New Mexico have unsupported spans of up to 190 metres, presumably due both to the absence of joints and to a favourable stress field. The classification data listed in Table 10 gives a good indication of the “vital statistics” of self-supporting tunnels. It appears that a high ROD value (mean ROD = 85%o) is common but not without exception. One joint set is also a common characteristic, although the mean value of J, is 2.9, which represents one joint set plus random. None of these unsupported tun- nels have more than three joint sets. In general the joints tend to be dis- continuous or undulating (mean J, 2.6), though there are several examples with smooth-planar joints. The two most important requisites appear to be unaltered joints (J, 1) and dry excavations (J,—1). There are very few exceptions to these two observations. (D) Tunnel Support Recommendations Different personal, national and continental engineering practices lead inevitably to variations in methods of support, even for the same quality of rock. The majority of data has been obtained from European case records due in particular to the ninety or so case records from Scandinavia (Cecil, 1970) and other Norwegian case records known to the authors. As a result of this European-Scandinavian bias, and the belief that shotcrete and bolting methods deserve most attention, many well documented case records have been ignored. These include those describing steel rib support methods, free span concrete arch roofs, and pre-cast sectional linings. Small variations in support methods also occur in each category and are due to rock mass differences, since a given value of Q is not unique, but a combination of several variables. In order to separate the more im. Rock Mechaies, Vol. 6/4 5