EE 207-Lecture V

Electronic Devices and Circuits

Bhaskaran Muralidharan
Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
Indian institute of technology Bombay
 EE 207
Electronic Devices and Circuits

Module 1: Fundamentals:

• Crystal structure, basic quantum mechanics of periodic

lattices
• Brillouin zones, Understanding bands and band-
structure
• Carrier statistics and recombination
• Carrier transport equations

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The Periodic Potential-Kronig-Penney Model

Bloch Theorem
𝜓 𝑥 = 𝑒 !"# 𝑢 𝑥 𝜓 𝑥 + 𝑝 = 𝑒 !"$ 𝜓(𝑥)
𝑢(𝑥 + 𝑝) = 𝑢(𝑥)

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 Recap Bloch Theorem
𝜓 𝑥 = 𝑒 !"# 𝑢 𝑥 𝜓 𝑥 + 𝑝 = 𝑒 !"$ 𝜓(𝑥)
𝑢(𝑥 + 𝑝) = 𝑢(𝑥)
• Kronig Penney model

• The Bloch Theorem

• Calculate the wavefunctions

of one period

• Graphical solution leads to

“energy bands”

• Brillouin zones
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Kronig Penney Model

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Energy Bands

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Energy Bands

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 Boundary Conditions
Finite Square Well Kronig Penney Model

𝜓 𝑥 + 𝑝 = 𝑒 !"$ 𝜓(𝑥)
Bloch theorem-local periodicity

Global Periodicity
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On Periodicity and Zone formation

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Energy Bands

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 Brillouin zones
Reduced zone scheme Extended zone scheme

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Group Velocity

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Effective Mass

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Bands can carry currents!

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 Moving on to Real Solids

Solution space in 1D

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Moving on to Real Solids

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Moving on to Real Solids

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Moving on to Real Solids

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E-k relation in Real Solids

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E-k relation in Real Solids

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E-k relation in Real Solids

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E-k relation in Real Solids

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Characterizing band-gap

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 Summary

• Kronig Penney model

• The Bloch Theorem
• Calculate the wavefunctions
of one period
• Graphical solution leads to
“energy bands”
• Brillouin zones
• E-k relations

Next : Understanding carriers

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