Electronic Devices & Practice

Instructor:
Mian Jehanzeb
Email: jehanzeb@case.edu.pk
Cell # 0331-5557755
 Course Design, Objective
& Strategy
 Designed for students who have a little background
about Electric Circuits and Theory.
 The design and content can be altered depending upon
the pace and the feedback of the students
“To introduce the fundamentals of
some of the most common semiconductor devices
used in the modern day electronics”
“Do one thing at a time,
do it very well, and then move on”
 Text book

ESSENTIAL READING [Purchase Advised]:

 Floyd, “Electronic Devices” –-9th Edition, Pearson
Education
 Course Outline
(“Electronic Devices” by Floyd 9th ed. )

Chapter 1 Introduction to semiconductors

Chapter 2 Diode Applications
Chapter 3 Special Purpose Diodes
Chapter 4 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
Chapter 5 Transistor Bias Circuits
Chapter 6 BJT Amplifiers
Chapter 7 Field Effect Transistors (FETs) and Biasing
Chapter 8 FET Amplifiers
Tentative Midterm Syllabus
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Semiconductors
 Conduction in Semiconductors
 N-type and P-type Semiconductors
2 lectures
 The Diode and its Biasing
 Voltage current characteristics of a Diode
 Chapter 2: Diode Applications
 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers
 Fixed and Variable Power Supply
 Diode Limiting and Clamping Circuits 5 lectures

 Voltage Multipliers
 Chapter 3: Special-Purpose Diodes
 Zener diodes and its applications 3 lectures
 Varactor and Optical Diodes
 Chapter 4: Bipolar Junction Transistors
 Transistor basics, structure and parameters
4 lectures
 Transistor as an Amplifier and a Switch
 Grading Policy

Percentage
Assignments 10 %
Quizzes 10 %
Labs + Project 25 %
Midterm 20 %
Final 35 %
 Class Timings
Wednesday
11:00am---12:30pm*

Thursday
11:00am---12:30pm*

* No one is allowed to enter in the class after I’ve started the lecture
Introduction to
Semiconductors
Semiconductors, Conductors
and Insulators
 Conductors:
 Only one valence electron loosely bonded
 Easily conduct electric current when acquire energy
 Copper, silver, gold and aluminum
 Insulators:
 Do not conduct electric current
 Valence electrons are tightly bonded to the atom
 Available in compounds not as a single element
 Semiconductors:
 Neither a good conductor nor a good insulator
 Has four valence electrons that can acquire
external energy to jump into conduction band
 Common elements (Silicon, germanium & carbon)
and Compound elements (Gallium arsenide)
Semiconductors, Conductors
and Insulators
Semiconductor vs. Conductor

The Core consists of all inner shells and nucleus

 Silicon vs. Germanium

Germanium unstable at high temperatures compared to Silicon

 Silicon Crystal
Each atom forms four covalent bonds
Conduction in Semiconductor
At 0 Kelvin only
Conduction in Semiconductor

Electrons in conduction band are free electrons

Conduction in Semiconductor

Thermally generated conduction electrons move randomly!

 Electron Current
Free or Conduction band electrons are directed
using external source to move in one direction!

The current produced is called Electron Current

 Hole Current

This is the movement of Valence electrons from one hole to the other!
Not the conduction electron!
How to increase conductivity in a
Semiconductor?
 N Type Semiconductors
 Pentavalent impurity with five
valence electrons is added
 Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb),
Phosphorus (P)
 Each pentavalent atom forms
four covalent bonds leaving
one electron
 Majority Carriers: electrons
 Minority Carriers: holes
 Donor Atom: Antimony (Sb)

There are no holes in this type of semiconductors

except of those electron-hole pair created thermally!
 P Type Semiconductors
 Trivalent impurity with three
valence electrons is added
 Boron (B), Indium (In),
Gallium (Ga)
 Each trivalent atom forms
covalent bonds to form a
symmetrical crystalline material
 leaves one hole each
 Majority Carriers: holes
 Minority Carriers: electrons
 Acceptor Atom: Boron (B)

Minority electrons are thermally generated and are not

produced by the addition of Trivalent impurity!
Next Lecture InshAllah

 N-type and P-type Semiconductors

 The Diode and its Biasing

 Voltage current characteristics of a Diode

 Diode Applications
 Final note

Class Rep should make a Teams/Fb group

Used to upload Lectures and Assignments
To entertain any queries and discussion