School of Internet Program

06.01.2009
Estimation of Ship Resistance
from model Experiment

Faculty of Marine Technology Tokyo

University of Marine Science and
Technology
Shoji Kuniaki

Ｋｕｎｉａｋｉ Ｓｈｏｊｉ
Department of Marine System Engineering
Faculty of Marine Technology
Ｔｏｋｙｏ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｍａｒｉｎｅ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ and Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ

1970 graduate Yokohama National University (Department of

Naval Architecture, Faculty of Engineering)
1975 graduate the Doctoral course of the University of Tokyo
Doctoral Thesis: The study of motion of Mooring Ship and
Tension of Mooring Line
researching theme
Protective Systems of The Bridge Pier against Ship collision
Performance of Anti-rolling Tank
Study on High holding power anchor
Development of the city of waterfront
History of ship

1
 Outline of this Lecture
• In this lecture Froude’s method is explained.
Thiss iss a est
estimation
at o method
et od which
w c evaluate
eva uate
actual ship resistance from model experiment.
• At First the component of resistance is shown
and explained. Next, model experiment at the
so called towing tank which is executed
resistance
i test is
i introduced.
i d d As A these
h results,
l
estimation method of actual ship resistance so
called Froude’s method is explained.

Components of Ship Resistance

• Total Resistance = Water Resistance + Air Resistance
• Water Resistance = Frictional Resistance + Eddy
Resistance + Wave Making Resistance
• Water Resistance = Frictional Resistance + Residuary
Resistance
• Water Resistance = Viscous Resistance + Wave Making
Resistance
• Residuary Resistance = Eddy Resistance + Wave Making
Resistance
• Viscous Resistance = Frictional Resistance + Eddy
Making Resistance

2
 Wave making resistance

Resistance Test by model

It is difficult to estimate ship resistance
by only theoretical calculation.
calculation
Then it is experimented now at the
experimental tank, so called
SHIP MODEL BASIN,
SHIP TOWING TANK .

3
 William Froude
• １８１０年～１８７９年
• Who Called the Father of Modern Naval
Architecture
• From Experience to theory
• Estimation of Actual Ship Resistance from
Model Experiment（Froudes’
Experiment（Froudes Method）
• Froude Number Fn=V/(gL)1/2
• Method of Model Experiment
• Construction of Towing Tank

Towing Tank

• Towing Tank of Yokohama National

University（Japan）
• Berlin Model Basin（Germany）

• Which facilities are there?

• How experiment there?

4
 Experimental Tank of Yokohama National University

Yokohama University Ship Model Basin

5
 Profile of Yokohama University Ship Model Basin

Dimensions of Yokohama University Ship model Basin

6
 Towing Carriage

Self Propulsion Test

7
 Control Room and Resistance Dynamometer

Resistance Dynamometer
Balance
measurement
Resistance Dynamometer
y
Towing Carriage

Trim measurement Trim measurement

guide guide
id

Towing Rod Ship model

Counter Weight

8
 Shaping Machine

Berlin Model Basin

9
 Berlin
Model
Basin

Berlin Model
Basin

10
 推進試験、係留試験

Flow Measurement of Aft Body

11
 Towing Tank

Towing Tank（Wave Maker Side）

12
Towing Carriage

Towing Tank

13
Trimming Tank Side

Casting Box

14
 shaping machine

Circulating Water Tank (the biggest in the world)

15
 Circulating Water Tank

William Froude（１８１０－１８７９）

16
 Towing Tank at Torquay

Towing Tank
Yokohama Tokyo Berlin Torquay
National University Model Towing
University Marine S. Basin Tank
Technology
Length １１０ｍ ５４ｍ ２５０ｍ 59.44m
Breadth ８ｍ １０ｍ ８ｍ 10.98m
Depth ３.５ｍ ２ｍ ４.８ｍ 3.05m
Speed ４.０ｍ/ｓ １.２ｍ/ｓ ９.０ｍ/ｓ 5.08m/s

17
 Experiment of Actual Ship

Experiment of Greyhound

E
Experiment
i off Plank
Pl k Ship
Shi

Experiment of Yudachi

Evaluation of Actual Ship

• Training Ship of Faculty of Marine technology
「SHIOJI MARU Ⅲ」
• Length：Ship=46m、
Length：Ship=46m Model=1.5m
Model=1 5m
• Scale １／30.6
• Model Measurement V=1.0m/s ⇒RTM=0.2kg
• Resistance of Ship RTS
0 2k ×30＝６ｋ ？
0.2kg×30＝６ｋｇ
0.2kg×302＝１８０ｋｇ ？
0.2kg×303＝５４００ｋｇ＝５.４ｔ ？
Speed of Actual Ship ＝1.0m/s ？

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 Froude’s Method
• Water Resistance divides two components.
（Water Resistance＝Frictional Resistance＋Residuary Resistance）
• Frictional Resistance of ship and model equals
Frictional resistance of flat plate.
（However that length、wetted surface area、surface
condition are same.）
• Residuary
Resid ar resistance of ship and model is
proportional to 3 times of scale.
(However speed of ship and model is proportional to
root of scale.) （Froude’s low of Comparison）

Resistance Test of model of Shioji maru Ⅲ

• Corresponding speed：
model 1.0m/s
ship 1 0m/s×301/2＝55.5m/s
1.0m/s×30 5m/s
• Frictional Resistance：from resistance of plate
model 0.1kg
ship 1.5t
• Resistance test ：water resistance 0.2kgg
• Residuary resistance of model 0.2－0.1＝0.1kg
• Residuary resistance of ship 0.1×303＝2700kg
＝2.7t
• Water Resistance of Ship 1.5＋2.7＝4.2t

19
 Water resistance of ship
Resistance coefficient

model

ship

Reynolds number

Evaluation of Ship Resistance

Ship resistance
Estimation 2

Estimation 1

20
 Quiz
• （１）Man who estimate the ship resistance
from model experiment.
• （２）The place where towing tank was made
at first.
• （３）The ships name of experiment of
resistance at first.
• （４）Biggest instrument of the world in
Berlin Model Basin.
• （５）please comment : shoji@kaiyodai.ac.jp

Thank you for your kind attention

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