CHAPTER 3 :-

1. Monitor :-
An output display device (looks similar to a TV) in a
computer system. You see information on the
monitor's screen.

Types of monitor :

Crt – cathode ray tube

Lcd – liquid crystal display
Led – light emitting diode
 2. Speakers :-
Output device that produces sound and music when
connected to the computer. Speakers come in
different shapes and may even be in the monitor's
case.
 3. Cpu (central process unit) :-
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs most of
the calculations which enable a computer to function,
and is sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the
computer. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan.
 4. Cabin (or) computer case :-
The "box" or case that holds the parts that make up a
computer: CPU, hard disk drive, floppy drive, memory
chips, power supply, interface cards, etc
 5. Chipset :-

The Chipset mediates communication between the CPU

and the other components of the system, including main
memory.
 6. Mouse :-
A hand-held input device you roll on your desk to point
to and select items on your screen. When you move the
mouse, the mouse pointer on the screen moves in the
same direction.
 7. Mother board :-

The motherboard is the main component inside the

case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated
circuitry that connects the other parts of the
computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives
(CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any
peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion
slots.
 8. IDE : Integrated Device, (or Drive), Electronics.

The IDE device (such as hard drive, CD-ROM, Zip

drive, etc.) is connected to the motherboard via a data
cable.
 9. Bios :- (Basic Input Output System)

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) includes boot

firmware and power management. The tasks are
handled by operating system drivers. Newer
motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware
Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.
 10. Micro phone :-
Input device in which sound energy is changed into
electrical energy for the sending or recording sound
(your voice).
 11. Hub :-
Hubs are devices that have many ports into which
network cables are plugged. A hub takes the signal
from each computer and sends it to all of the other
computers through the network.
 12. Modem :-
A device that allows computers to communicate with
each other over telephone lines (Internet). At school
we do not use modems, we have a direct connection to
the Internet called a T-1 line.
13. Ram :- RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
RAM is computer memory that holds instructions
and data. When the computer is switched off, the
contents of the RAM are lost. It's just like a
calculator- switch that off and you lose the
contents.

There is also memory that doesn't lose its

contents when the power is switched off. That's
ROM
 14. Ups (uninterrupted power supply)

UPS is the best solution for all power problems! The

UPS, not only can prevent your computer from the bad

condition of power, but also keeps your computer

running continuously by providing a stable power from

its internal battery while a blackout: it let the users

have sufficient time to save the data and shut down

the computer correctly.

 15. Agp slot :- Advanced Graphics Port
If you have a modern motherboard, you will almost
certainly notice a single connector that looks like a PCI
slot, but is slightly shorter and usually brown. You also
probably have a video card inserted into this slot.
16. Smps ( switch mode power supply )
(switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher)
is an electronic power supply that incorporates a
switching regulator to convert electrical
power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an
SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains
power, to a load, such as a personal computer.
17. Joy stick

A joystick is an input device commonly used to

control video games. Joysticks consist of a base and
a stick that can be moved in any direction. The stick
can be moved slowly or quickly and in different
amounts. Some joysticks have sticks that can also be
rotated to the left or right. Because of the flexible
movements a joystick allows, it can provide much
greater control than the keys on a keyboard.
 18. Keyboard :-
The keyboard is the main input peripheral used by all
computers. The keyboard allows for user input and
action with the computer. Much like many type writers
the keyboard has all the letters of the alphabet,
numbers 0 - 9 and additional special operational keys.
 19. Hard disk :-
A rigid magnetic disk fixed permanently within a drive
unit and used for storing computer data. Hard disks
generally offer more storage and quicker access to
data than floppy disks do. A rigid magnetic disk fixed
within a disk drive and used for storing computer data.
Hard disks hold more data than floppy disks, and data
on a hard disk can be accessed faster than data on a
floppy disk.
20. Headphone :-
Output device for listening that is held over the ears
by a band worn on the head
21. ISA SLOT :-
An ISA slot may be used to add a video card, a
network card, or an extra serial port. By the end of
the twentieth century, ISA ports were beginning to
be replaced by faster PCI and AGP slots. Now, most
computers only support PCI and AGP expansion cards.
22. Floppy Drive
Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks,
also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs
and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount
of data. They also retrieve information more slowly
and are more prone to damage. For these reasons,
floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to
be, although some computers still include them. 1.44
MB
23. Dvd Drive :- digital video disc
Most optical drives today are combo CD/DVD
drives that support all the DVD and CD
formats. DVD Drives are drives that have the
ability to playback DVDs on your computer.
24. Usb – universal serial bus :-
(Universal Serial Bus) The most widely used
hardware interface for attaching peripherals
to a computer. There are typically at least two
USB ports on laptops and four on desktop
computers, while USB "hubs" provide more
connections (see below). After appearing in
1997, USB became the standard for
connecting keyboards, mice, printers and hard
drives
25. Sata – serial attached technology attachment
( Serial ATA) A standard hardware interface
for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives
to a computer. Introduced in 2002, most
modern desktop and laptop computers employ
SATA drives..
26. Cmos Battery :-

(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

Pronounced "c-moss." The most widely used
integrated circuit design. It is found in almost
every electronic product from handheld devices to
mainframes.
27. CAPACITOR :-
An electronic component that stores an
electric charge and releases it when required.
It comes in a huge variety of sizes and types
for use in regulating power as well as for
conditioning, smoothing and isolating signals.
Capacitors are made from many different
materials, and virtually every electrical and
electronic system uses them.
28. JUMPER :-

A small, plastic-covered metal block that is

pushed onto two pins to close a circuit. An
alternative to the DIP switch, the jumper is a
less costly on/off switch found on
motherboards and peripheral devices for one-
time configuration. Although jumpers exist on
modern computers, especially on hard disk
drives.
29. PCI SLOTS :-
The Peripheral Component Interconnect slots,
commonly known as the PCI slots, refers to a
computer bus. The computer bus is used by the
computer to connect to peripheral add-on devices,
such as a pci video card, network cards, sound
cards, tv tuners, firewire cards, graphics cards and
many other types of extension cards.
30. BACK PANEL CONNECTIONS
The back panel is the portion of the motherboard
that allows you to connect external devices such as
your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse. As
can be seen in the below picture, the back panel is
on the edge of the motherboard. When installing
the motherboard this side of the motherboard
would be on the back side of the case and are
inserted into the cases I/O plate.