Chapter 5 - Exercise

Student:
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1. Within a given population, 22% of the people are smokers, 57% of the people are males, and
12% are males who smoke. If a person is chosen at random from the population, what is the
probability that the selected person is either a male or a smoker?
A. .67
B. .79
C. .22
D. .43

2. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A M).

A. .2500
B. .7500
C. .6250
D. .1250

3. Oxnard Casualty wants to ensure that their e-mail server has 99.98 percent reliability. They
will use several independent servers in parallel, each of which is 95 percent reliable. What is the
smallest number of independent file servers that will accomplish the goal?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

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4. The following table shows the survival experience of 1,000 males who retire at age 65:

Based on this data, the probability that a 75-year old male will survive to age 80 is
A. 0.596
B. 1-0.596 = 0.404
C. 1-0.775 = 0.225
D. 0.769

5. At Joe's Restaurant, 80 percent of the diners are new customers (N), while 20 percent are
returning customers (R). 50 percent of the new customers pay by credit card, compared with 70
percent of the regular customers. If a customer pays by credit card, what is the probability that
the customer is a new customer?
A. .7407
B. .8000
C. .5400
D. .5000

6. A company is producing two types of ski goggles. Thirty percent of the production is of type
A, and the rest is of type B. Five percent of all type A goggles are returned within 10 days after
the sale, whereas only two percent of type B are returned. If a pair of goggles is returned within
the first 10 days after the sale, the probability that the goggles returned are of type B is
A. .014
B. .140
C. .070
D. .483

7. The odds of an event can be calculated by dividing the event's probability by the probability of
its complement.
True False

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8. If P(A) = .20 then the odds against event A's occurrence are 4 to 1.
True False
odds against phần bù nằm trên

9. If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A) + P(B) = 0.

True False

10. P(A | B) is the joint probability of events A and B divided by the probability of A.
True False

11. Two events are mutually exclusive when they contain no outcomes in common.
True False

12. From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly-chosen person will get the flu
vaccine and will also get the flu.

A. .1000
B. .0700
C. .1900
D. .7000

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13. From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly-chosen person will get the flu.

A. .1900
B. .0700
C. .8100
D. .7000

14. Regarding probability, which of the following is correct?

A. When events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A B) = P(A) + P(B).
B. The union of events A and B consists of all outcomes in the sample space that are contained in
both event A and event B.
C. When two events A and B are independent the joint probability of the events can be found by
multiplying the probabilities of the individual events.
D. The probability of the union of two events can exceed one.

15. Find the probability that either event A or B occurs if the chance of A occurring is .5, the
chances of B occurring is .3, and events A and B are independent.
A. .80
B. .15
C. .65
D. .85

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16. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a mother smoked during
pregnancy if her education level was below high school?

A. .2385
B. .0907
C. .3503
D. .3804 393/1033

17. Debbie has two stocks, X and Y. Consider the following events:
X = the event that the price of stock X has increased
Y = the event that the price of stock Y has increased
The event "the price of stock X has increased and the price of stock Y has not increased" may be
written as
A. X  Y
B. X Y 
C. X Y  Prob
D. X Y

18. The manager of Ardmore Pharmacy knows that 25% of the customers entering the store buy
prescription drugs, 65% buy over-the-counter drugs and 18% buy both types of drugs. What is
the probability that a randomly selected customer will buy at least one of these two types of
drugs?
A. .90
B. .85
C. .72 0.25+0.65-0.18
D. .65

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19. If each of two independent file servers has a reliability of 93% and either alone can run the
web site, then the overall web site availability is
A. .9951
B. .8649
C. .9300
D. .9522

20. Which best exemplifies the classical definition of probability?

A. The probability that a male aged 50 will have an accident in a week's car rental at Alamo.
B. The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 when they are rolled.
C. The probability that the winter Olympic games will be held in Europe in 2022.
D. The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh more than 30 pounds.