Atomic Mass

& Chemical
Reaction
 WELCOME TO

H E TODAY'S CLASS!

TODAY'S TOPIC

L
ATOMIC MASS

O
MOLE CONCEPT

PERCENT COMPOSITION & CHEMICAL FORMULA

L
CHEMICAL REACTIONS & CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

MASS RELATIONSHIP OF C.REACYIONS

ATOMIC MASS,
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS

ATOMIC MASS/ AVERAGE ATOMIC

also called ATOMIC WEIGHT
the average of isotopic masses, weighted according to the naturally occurring
abundances of the isotopes of the element.
mass of the atom in atomic mass unit.

ATOMIC MASS UNIT (amu)

one amu is equivalent to one-twelfth of Carbon-12
ATOMIC MASS,
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS
ATOMIC MASS,
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS

One atom of Se-77 is 6.410 times as heavy as atom of C-12. What is the atomic
mass of Se-77?
 AVERAGE MOLECULAR MASS
& AVERAGE FORMULA MASS

AVERAGE MOLECULAR MASS AVERAGE FORMULA MASS

molecular mass is the sum of the formula mass is the sum of the atomic
average atomic masses of the atoms in masses of the atoms in the ionic
the molecule. compound.
AVERAGE MOLECULAR MASS
& AVERAGE FORMULA MASS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
Molecular Mass:
1. What is the molecular mass of Carbon Monoxide, CO?
2. Determine the molecular mass of the following molecules:
a. Water, H2O
b. Ethane, C2H6

Formula Mass:
1. What is the formula mass of sodium chloride, NaCl?
2. What is the formula mass of magnesium chloride, MgCl2?
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS
MOLE (mol)
the SI unit for amount of substance AVOGADRO'S NUMBER
that contains as many elementary the number of atoms in 12 g
entities as there are atoms in exactly of Carbon-12 which is
12 g of the Carbon-12 , specific unit
experimentally determined
of measure
is used ti deal with extremely large
to be:
numbers
amount of substance that contains
Avogadro's number of units/entities
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. How many eggs are there in one mole of eggs?
2. How many sodium atoms are there in 1 mole of Na atoms?
3. Calculate the number of atoms of argon in 0.500 moles Ar?
4. How many molecules of water are there in 1 mole of water
molecules?
5. How many molecules of carbon dioxide, are there in 2.648 moles of
carbon dioxide?
6. . How many atoms of oxygen are there in 2.648 moles of carbon
dioxide?
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS

MOLAR MASS (M)

the mass in grams of one mole of a substance
unit is g/mol
the molar mass in grams numerically equal to the atomic mass
in amu
the molar mass in grams is numerically equal to molecular
mass/ formula mass in amu.
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. What is the molar mass of Ca?
2. What is the molar mass of water?
3. What is the molar mass of salt?
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND NUMBER OF MOLES OF AN ELEMENT

CONVERSION FACTOR
MOLE CONCEPT
& MOLAR MASS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. How many moles of He atoms are in 6.46 g of He? MM
He= 4.00 g/mol
2. How many grams of Zn are in 0.356 mole of Zn? MM
Zn = 65.38g/mol
3. How many atoms are in 16.3 g of Sulfur?
MM S =32.07 g/mol
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS

CHEMICAL FORMULA
The information we can get from the chemical formula:
a. what are the elements that make up the compound
b. number of atoms of each element present in the compound
c. the number of molecules present in 1 mole of the compound
d. the ratio of moles of the elements in the compound
e. the percent composition of each element present in the
compound
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS

PERCENT COMPOSITION
is the percent by mass of each element in a compound
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Calculate the percent composition of sodium chloride.
2. Determine the percent composition of glucose.
3. Which element comprising magnesium hydroxide has the
highest percentage by mass?
Na 23 g/mol; Cl 35.45 g/mol; Mg 24.31 g/mol; O 15.99 g/mol; H
1.01 g/mol; C 12.01 g/mol
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS

EMPIRICAL FORMULA FROM PERCENT COMPOSITION

The empirical formula of a compound can be calculated

from the percent composition. Because percentage is
given, it is convenient to assume 100.00 grams of the
compound.
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS
PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS
DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR FORMULA

The formula calculated from percent composition is always the

empirical formula because the subscripts are always reduced to the
smallest whole number.
To determine the molecular formula the approximate molar mass of
the compound must be known.

molar mass/ empirical formula

PERCENT COMPOSITION
& CHEMICAL FORMULAS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. A compound is found to consist 7.81% C and 92.19%
Cl. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
2. A compound is found to consist of 43.64 % P and
56.36% O. The molar mass for the compound is 283.88
g/mol. What is the empirical formula and molecular
formula of the compound?
C 12.01 g/mol; Cl 35.45 g/mol; O 15.99 g/mol; P 30.97
g/mol
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

What do the following have in common?

a. Rusty iron nail
b. Change in color of leaves
c. Bleached hair
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

TYPES AND EVIDENCES THAT A CHEMICAL REACTION HAS

OCCURED

Here are some evidences that a chemical reaction has occurred:

a. Change in color
b. Formation of a solid (a precipitate)
c. Evolution of gas (bubble formation)
d. Change in temperature (heat is released or absorbed)
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

In chemical reaction, a substance is converted to one or new

substances. It follows the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Chemical reaction are represented through chemical equations.

In a chemical reaction:
Reactants are the starting materials (left side) and
Product are the substance formed as the result of the reaction (right
side)
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Identify reactants and products and write their formula.
Reactants on the left side and product on the right side.
2. Balance the equation by changing the coefficients of the
reactants or products. Do not change the subscript of the
chemical formula.
3. Check to make sure that the number of each type of atom
is the same on each side of the equation.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
1. Decomposition reaction- a reactant breaks down into two or more
product: AB A+B
2. Synthesis reaction- two or more reactants form a single product:
A+B AB
3. Single-displacement reaction- one element replaces another in a
compound: A + BC AC + B
4. Double displacement- two ionic compounds exchange ions:
AB + CD AD + CB
5. Combustion reaction- a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide and water.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

PRACTICE EXERCISE
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION

AMOUNTS OF REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS

Stoichiometry
is the study of the quantities of materials consumed and produced in
chemical reactions.

From a chemical equation, we will able to

a. Determine how much products will be produced from a specific
amount of reactants.
b. Determine the amount of reactants needed to produce a specific
amount of products.
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION

AMOUNTS OF REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS

Mole Method
the approach where the stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical
equation can be interpreted as the number of moles of eacg substance.
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION

Limiting Reagent
the reactant used up first in the chemical reaction

Excess Reagent
are reactants present in quantities greter than what is needed by the
reaction.
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION

Theoretical Yield - the maximum amount of product that would result if

the limiting reagent is completely consumed.

Actual Yield - is the quantity of the desired product actually formed.

Percent Yield -describes the proportion of the acrual yield to theoretical

yield.
MASS RELATIONSHIP OF
CHEMICAL REACTION