University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE301: Structure Analysis II

Module 07:
Revision of Course ( Flexibility & Stiffness)

By:
Prof. Dr. Bashir Alam
Civil Engineering Department
UET , Peshawar
 Topics to be Covered

• Revision of Flexibility & Stiffness method concept

• Analysis of beam using flexibility method ( Problem 1)
• Analysis of frame using flexibility method ( Problem 2)
• Analysis of beam using stiffness method ( Problem 3)
• Analysis of beam using stiffness method ( Problem 4)
 Matrix Methods of Analysis
• Flexibility Method
In this method redundant constraints are removed and
corresponding redundant actions (forces or moment) are placed.
An equation of compatibility of deformation is written in terms of
these redundants and corresponding displacements. The
redundants are determined from these simultaneous equation.
Equations of statics are then used for calculation of designed
internal actions. In this method, actions are treated as basic
unknowns. This method will be described in detail in this lecture.
 Matrix Methods of Analysis
• Flexibility Method
In this method redundant constraints are removed and
corresponding redundant actions (forces or moment) are placed.
An equation of compatibility of deformation is written in terms of
these redundants and corresponding displacements. The
redundants are determined from these simultaneous equation.
Equations of statics are then used for calculation of designed
internal actions. In this method, actions are treated as basic
unknowns.
 Matrix Methods of Analysis
• Stiffness or Displacement Method

In the displacement method of analysis the equilibrium equations are

written by expressing the unknown joint displacements in terms of
loads by using load displacement relations. The unknown joint
displacements (the degrees of freedom of the structure) are calculated
by solving equilibrium equations. displacement method of analysis is
preferred to computer implementation.
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
Problem 01: Analyze the given beam using flexibility method.

Take EI = constant

S.I = 2 degree
So two redundant actions should be chosen.
Choose those as redundant which makes the calculation handy.
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 01: Select the redundant actions

1 ?
2∗1= =
2 ?
1 0
2∗1= =
2 0
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 02 : Compute the values of [DRL].
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 02 : Compute the values of [DRL].
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 03 : Compute the values of flexibility matrix [ f ].

i. 1st apply a unit value of AR1 at reference point 1

 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 03 : Compute the values of flexibility matrix [ f ].

i. Now apply a unit value of AR2 at reference point 2

11 12
=
21 22

16.67 5
=
5 18.33
EI = 1
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 04: Compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

= 1 • −

1 16.67 5 0 − 1375
=
2 5 18.33 0 − 1906.25
From this
1 −55.86
=
2 −88.75
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 05: Compute the member end actions. As we know that

a). Compute the AML values

1 5
2 −5
Apply actual loadings
3 15
= and compute the
4 −15 Reaction forces.

5 10
6 −10
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
b) Compute the AMR values.
1st apply a unit action at redundant location 1 and then at 2
as shown below.
11 12 0.05 0
21 22 −0.05 0
31 32 −0.033 0.033
7∗2 = =
41 42 −0.033 0.033
51 52 0 −0.04
61 62 0 −0.04

1 5 0.05 0 2.206 k
2 −5 −0.05 0 −7.793 k
3 15 −0.033 0.033 −55.86 13.91 k
= + =
4 −15 −0.033 0.033 −88.75 −16.08 k
5 10 0 −0.04 13.55 k
6 −10 0 −0.04 −6.44 k
Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
 Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis
Problem 01: Analyze the given frame using flexibility method.

1.5k/ft

S.I = 1 degree
 Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis
• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.

= ?
= 0
 Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis
• Step # 02: Compute M & m values.

m Values
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 03: Develop Bending moment equation table.

Segment AB EB EC CD
Origin A E E D
Limits 0 to 16 ft 0 to 20 ft 0 to 20 ft 0 to 16 ft
Moment of inertia
I 2I 2I I
,I
M values -300 1.5x2/2 -1.5x/2 -300
m1 values 16-x 0 0 16-x
 Flexibility Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 04: Compute the values of DRL matrix.

• Step # 05: Compute the values of flexibility coefficients

& flexibility matrix.

1
= = 2730.67/
 Flexibility Method for Frames Analysis
Step # 06: Compute the values of redundant actions AR

= + •

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions & draw shear force and
bending moment diagrams

= +
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Problem 03: Analyze the given beam using stiffness method if
support B & C both settle down by 0.5in.

K.I = 2 degree ( neglecting the axial effects )

 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 01: Selection of redundant Joint displacements and assign
coordinates at those locations. Also compute AD values.

1 ?
2∗1= =
2 ?

1 0
2∗1= =
2 0
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 02 : Compute ADL matrix.
1. Direct Loadings

2. Indirect Loadings
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
• Step # 02 : Compute ADL matrix.
2. Indirect Loadings
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 04: Compute the values of D.

1 = 1 + 11 12 1
2 2 21 22 2

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 16666.66 4166.66 0 − (−51)

=
2 4166.66 16666.66 0 − (51.04)

1 0.0041
=
2 −0.0041
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 05: Compute the member end actions. As we know that
= +
AM3
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Now Shear force and Bending moment diagram
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Problem 03: For the beam shown develop only stiffness coefficient
matrix.

A B C D
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values

1.When D1 = 1 & D2 = D3 = D4 = 0
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values

1.When D2 = 1 & D1 = D3 = D4 = 0
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values

1.When D3 = 1 & D1 = D2 = D4 = 0
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values

1.When D4 = 1 & D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
 Stiffness Method for Beams Analysis
Step # 03 : Computation of stiffness coefficients “ S” values

So stiffness coefficient matrix will be

 References

• Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

• Matrix structural analysis by William Mc Guire

• Matrix analysis of frame structures by William Weaver

• Online Civil Engineering blogs