Islamic Studies

Sir Muzammil Iqbal

 
Composed and Typed by: 
Muhammad Suhaib 
BBA (H) 

Disclaimer​: “ These notes do not replace your original class lectures and
neither do these guarantee 100% precision. Use them at your own liability.”

 
“These pages contain sacred words and hence must be treated with utmost respect” 

Begin with:

Concepts of
1. Purpose
2. Needs
3. Wants
4. Dreams

➔ We fulfill our ​needs​ before we fulfill our ​wants​ because needs are more important
than wants.
➔ Similarly, we give priority to ​Purpose before Needs​ because Purpose is more
Important than our needs.

Quran tells Us​ (the meaning of which is): “And we created the Jinns and the Humans only for
our IBAADAH”

Ibaadah:​ Total Submission to Almighty Allah

Our Purpose​: To Submit to Allah and Follow His Commands every step of the way.

If we deviate from Our Purpose,​ we will be like the Cattle but even Worse than the cattle.

Purpose is what Keeps us Alive.

What is Your Purpose?
Module 1
Concept of Imaan
Hadees e Jibraeel
Narrated by Hazrat Umar
Summary of Hadees:
A Man comes to a halqa of Prophet ​(Peace Be Upon Him)​ and his Companions.
● He has the blackest of Beards
● He has the whitest of Clothes
● No one in the Sahaba knows him
It’s intriguing to the Sahaba to see a stranger and a traveller with his clothes and beard
with no sand from the desert.
He bypasses all the sahaba in the halqa and sits directly in front of the Prophet ​(Peace Be
Upon Him)​ such that his knees are touching the knees of the Prophet and his hands are on
Prophet’s thighs. From his manner of approach, it seems that he is used to seeing the Prophet
(Peace Be Upon Him).

He asks 4 questions:
1. What is ​IMAN?
Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) replied, the meaning of which is:
IMAN is to believe in Allah and His Angels and His Books and His Messangers and the Day of
Judgement and Qadr of Good and Bad from Allah and Revival after Death.
The man said SADAQTA which means “You told the Truth”

2. What is ​ISLAM?
Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) replied, the meaning of which is:
Islam is to
1. Declare Tawheed
2. Namaz
3. Zakat
4. Fasting
5. Hajj

3. What is ​IHSAN?
Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) replied, the meaning of which is:
That you should pray as if you can see Allah.
If you can’t do this, then pray knowing that Allah is seeing you.
 4. When will be ​the hour?
The man who is being asked knows as much as the one who is asking.
(Sahaba are amazed at the answer because the Prophet is equating his knowledge with that of
the stranger).

He asked for the signs of the hour,

Signs of the hour:
1. The slave girl will give birth to her mistress.
2. Poor/destitute/naked shepherds will compete in building tall buildings.

The man left and the Prophet told the Companions that the man was in fact Angel Jibraeel and
he was sent to show them how to ask questions to the Prophet.

Analysis of the Hadees

Iman = ‫​ ء م ن‬: AMN / MOMIN

Islam = ‫ س ل م‬: SALAM / TASLEEM (submission) / SALAMTI

Ihsan = ‫ح س ن‬: HUSN (beauty)

Deen = ‫د ي ن‬: DAIN (loan)

● Mushahida is Seen.
● Iman is Unseen.
● Kalma e Shahada is bearing witness for the UNSEEN.
● (That is also Ihsan).
YAQEEN :
1. Ilm ul Yaqeen (just knowledge)
a. Mango is never sweet who has never tasted anything sweet.
2. Ain ul Yaqeen (u can see it)
a. You see the sun. You know it is there.
3. Haq ul Yaqeen (u feel and experience it)
a. Your mother loves you:
i. You can’t see it physically. ( ain )
ii. She doesn’t need to tell you. ( ilm )
iii. But you can feel / experience it. ( haq )

The most afzal type is the 3rd one.

A meaning of a Hadees is:

Imaan is
1. Belief in the Heart.
2. Say it from the Tongue.
3. Act on it.
MODULE # 2
Islamic Scholarly Tradition
ISLAMIC LAW OR FIQH

Proven through ‫ =​ ﻧﺺ‬Proven through Quran and Hadees

● Quran and Hadees

○ Either spoke about it
○ Or stayed silent

● When Q & H spoke about it,

○ Either its single text
○ Or its multiple text

● When its single text,

○ Either its single meaning
○ Or its multiple meaning

● When its multiple text

○ Either its single meaning
○ Or its multiple meaning
 In Single text ,
A. Single meaning:​ No Ijtihad. No Ikhtalaf.
B. Multiple meaning:
a. When there’s no affect on the Practical life;
i. Example: Last Ayah of Surah Naba
b. When there’s a practical application in real life;
‫ﻼَﺛ َﺔ ُﻗ ُﺮ َو ٍء‬
َ ‫َﺛ‬

In Multiple text,
A. When it’s single meaning​,,​
a. No Ijtihad. No Ikhtalaf.
b. Example: SALAAH means NAMAZ in the Quran.

B. When its multiple meaning,

a. we see chronology
b. If chronology is known​, we use TANSEEKH, disregarding all but the latest.
i. AHKAM ON ALCOHOL
c. I​f chronology is unknown,​ we use 3 methods. Ikhtalaf is there:
1. TATBEEQ​ ( to reconcile / to join both )
a. Kissing wife during roza
i. Young Sahabi was not allowed.
ii. Older and Mature Sahabi was allowed.
1. This closed the backdoor to sin.
2. TARJEEH ​( to give priority to one USING LOGIC AND KNOWLEDGE )
a. RAFA YADAIN
i. IMAM SHAFI allowed it: He COUNTED THE NUMBER OF AHADEES.
ii. IMAM MAALIK did not allow it: He SAW THE ACTION OF MADINA
iii. IMAM ABU HANIFA did not allow it: He LOOKED AT THE SENIORITY
OF THE SAHABA NARRATORS
3. TANSEEKH ​( to reject all except one )
a. ONLY IF CHRONOLOGY IS SAID TO BE KNOWN BY A SECT (ikhtalaf)
When Quran and Hadees are SILENT,
We do IJTIHAD.
Using principles / rules (Usul ul Fiqh) drawn from Quran or Sunnah , we
draw RULINGS / LAWS (FIQH)

An instant where you don’t have water or any means of tayammum,

NO. QURANIC AYAAT​ ​(used for PRAY NOW PRAY LATER

OF deducing Principles/rules) When water is
IMAM available

1 ‫ﻒ ﱡ‬
‫اﷲ َﻧ ْﻔ ًﺴﺎ إ ﱠ‬
‫ﻻ ُو ْﺳ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻻ ُﯾ َﻜﻠﱢ‬
َ YES  NO 
ِ
No hardship except that can be
beared
2 ‫ﻒ ﱡ‬
‫اﷲ َﻧ ْﻔ ًﺴﺎ إ ﱠ‬
‫ﻻ ُو ْﺳ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻻ ُﯾ َﻜﻠﱢ‬
َ NO  NO 
ِ
No hardship except that can be
beared
3 َ ‫ﻼ َة َﻛﺎَﻧ ْﺖ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣِﻨ‬
‫ﯿﻦ ِﻛَﺘﺎﺑًﺎ ﱠﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮًﺗﺎ‬ ‫ إِ ﱠن ﱠ‬YES 
َ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ YES 
(must pray now)

&
Al-Ma'idah ​5:6 (Ayat e tayammum) 
(and wadu/cleanliness is must) 
4 Al-Ma'idah ​5:6 NO  YES 

(wadu/cleanliness is must)

 
Side note:For Many actions in deen, ASAL has a NAIB.

ASAL NAIB

NAMAZ on time QAZA Namaz

WUDU TAYAMMUM

Dua of Ibrahim ‫ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬summarized as follows:

"O our Sustainer! Raise up from the midst of our off spring an apostle from 
among themselves, who shall convey unto them T ​ hy messages, and impart 
unto them revelation as well as wisdom, and cause them to grow in purity​: for, 
verily, Thou alone art almighty, truly wise!"

Prophet Ibrahim asked for 4 qualities from Allah in our Prophet

Muhammad:
1. Tilawat e Ayaat
2. Ilm e Kitab
3. Hikmah
4. Tazkiyyah

Allah answered his prayer and rearranged those qualities of Our Beloved
Prophet when he stated them in the Quran:

1. Tilawat e Ayaat
a. Explaining halaal and haraam and telling events of the past

2. Tazkiyyah
a. Inner Purification

ِ ‫اﻹ ْﺛ ِﻢ َوَﺑ‬
‫ﺎﻃَﻨ ُﻪ‬ ْ ‫​ َو َذ ُر‬
ِ ‫وا َﻇ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻫ َﺮ‬
​ Meaning: ​abstain from sinning, be it open or secret 
Example: Hasad in an inward feeling 
● If you keep it in you, you are sinning. 
○ If you take action on it, it’s a sin 
● If you don’t actout on it,  
○ Maybe you don’t have power, in which case you still commit a sin if 
HASAD resides in you. 
○ Maybe you realize that it’s wrong, and you perform taubah. It is the 
best option. 
■ A Tip: Pray for the wellness of the person you felt HASAD 
towards, HASAD will go away Insha Allah. 

 
3. Ilm e Kitaab
a. Explanation of Quran through AHADEES; TAFSEER E QURAN
4. Hikmah
a. Supra Quran; Beyond Quran, through AHADEES.

So according to the ayah discussed earlier, there are 4 MAQASID E NABUWAT

1. Tilawat e Ayat
2. Tazkiyyah
3. Ilm e Kitab
4. Hikmah

Ilm devised from these 4 points:

1. Ilm e Kalam (Iman) : Ihkam related to faith / belief ( aqaid )
2. Ilm e Zuhd (Ihsan) : Ihkam related to inner purification ( tazkiyyah )
a. For example sabr and shukr
3. Ilm e Fiqh (Islam) : Ikam related to actions (fiqh)
Sunnah’s relation with Quran
● To repeat Quran
○ As a reminder
○ To assert importance
○ No relaxation without real excuse
● To explain Quran
○ To clarify
● When Quran is Silent on something important, Sunnah will Explain
○ Ihkaam established through sunnah ( RAJM )

When an issue was faced by Nabi and/or Sahaba:

1. Wahi
a. Wahi e Matlo i.e. QURAN
i. That is recited/ tilawat
ii. Words and Meanings are from Allah
b. Wahi e Ghair Matlo i.e. HADEES
i. That is not recited
ii. Words are of Nabi but Meaning is from Allah
2. GHAIR WAHI : Ijtihad (Mashwara)
a. Ijma
b. Qiyaas
i. Using ILLAT i.e. reasoning

Now we have sources of Islamic Law:

Wahy
● QURAN
● SUNNAH
Ghair Wahi
● Ijtihad (we use ulul ul fiqh / rules / principles )
○ Ijma : happens when all agree on ijtehad or qiyaas
○ Qiyaas
■ Reasoning derrived form Quran and Sunnah applied elsewhere
In Quran, Allah Says:
9:122
With all this, it is not desirable that all of the believers take the field [in
time of war]. From within every group in their midst, some shall refrain
from going forth to war, and shall devote themselves [instead] to acquiring
a deeper knowledge of the Faith. and [thus be able to] teach their
home-coming brethren, so that these [too] might guard themselves
against evil.

● Everyone is exceptionally good at one specific thing

● Some Sahaba were very good in ​IJTIHAD
● Others were very good at ​JIHAD.​
● Those Sahaba who were good in ​IJTIHAD ​educated those who performed ​JIHAD.
 OUR SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW:
➔ Wahy
◆ QURAN
◆ SUNNAH
➔ Ghair Wahi
◆ Ijtihad
● Ijma
● Qayas

1. ERA OF ABU BAKAR ‫ر ﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬

a. Issue of Zakat (some people decided not to send it to Madinah):
i. Hazrat Abu Bakar suggested Jihad, Hazrat Umer did not want to
Jihad.
ii. After mashwara, Muslims went to Jihad.
b. Compilation of Quran in the form of a book
i. Hazrat Abu Bakar did not want to do it because Prophet did not.
Hazrat Umer believed it was necessary.
ii. After mashwara, muslims did IJMA on doing compilation of Quran.
2. ERA OF UMER ‫رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
a. He set 4 TAKBEERAT for NAMAZ E JANAZAH
b. He decided COLLECTIVE JAMAAT for TARAWEEH
3. ERA OF USMAN ‫رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
a. JUMA AZAAN:
i. Before this, there was only one Azan for Juma Prayer
ii. Now, to solve the problem faced by people living far away from the
Mosque, it was decided that JUMA PRAYER WILL HAVE
2 AZANS.
iii. IJMA took place.
4. ERA OF ALI ‫رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
a. Punishment for Sharabi = 80 lashes
i. Sahaba objected that 80 lashed are for the ones who commit
adultry. But using ILLAT, Hazrat Ali decided the punishment for
the Sharabi to be 80 lashes.
ii. Hazrat Ali called it Bidaat e Hasana
Rules for Mashwara:
● There is no rule that majority is authority
● Ultimate decision has to be taken by the Ameer, regardless of the gravity of mashwara.
● After the mashwara, the decision has to be followed by all.

Rules for Bidaat e Hasana

● It must not be against QURAN & SUNNAH
● It must not change the RANK OF THAT AML
○ Example: nafal should not be declared farz

Rules for ILLAT

● ULAMA find the reason for an HUKM in Quran & Sunnah
● If the same reason is found somewhere else, ULAMA apply same HUKM.
Nabi
⇩
Sahaba
⇩
Tabieen
⇩
Taba tabieen
⇩
Students of Taba Tabieen
⇩
Muhadiseen

Taba tabeen i.e. master students went on to become IMAMS (I.Maalik, I.Shafi, I.Abu.Hanifa,
I.Ahmed.Bin.Hambal, I.Jafar)

HISTORY OF MASLAK(S) 
 
● There was no isuue till the era of tabieen.
● In the era of Taba Tabieen, two issues arose
○ Multiplicity
○ Fabrication of Ahadees
● Ikhtalaf arose on Masail based on FIQH
○ Today, people made firqa wariat on AQAID. This is totally wrong.

Can we mix and match?

● Only ULAMA can decide if we can mix and match
○ Ulama check that if the rules for a Masla are not violated, we can mix and match
between maslaks
○ It’s​ not our job ​to decide if we want to mix and match without any knowledge of
Quran & Sunnah & Fiqh
Module 3
Actions & Intentions

INTENTIONS

GOOD NEUTRAL BAD

GOOD +VE +VE -VE

NEUTRAL +VE ZERO -VE

BAD -VE -VE -VE

Meaning of Hadith e Nabi

“Surely Actions are Judged by Intentions”

W = m ​x​ g
Here, m is the aml
And g is iman itself.
If g = 0 , no matter how big any aml is, its going to be weightless in aakhirah

Imp:

➔ Power of Intention from boxes of Neutral actions 

➔ Importance of Imaan from good action + neutral intention box 
MODULE 4
ISLAMIC BANKING AND RIBA

Riba, Sood, Interest, Usuary = same meaning

RIBA = ‫ر ب ي‬
Meaning in Shariah: To increase anything in return of a loan

RIBA
1. RIBA AL JAHALIYYA / RIBA AL NASSIYYA
a. Proven haram by Quran
b. Practiced in the era of JAHALAT
c. People knew it was Riba
2. RIBA AL FADL / RIBA AL BAI
a. Proven haram by Hadees
b. FADL means “increase/additional”
c. Not considered Riba before Islam

A.
Riba al Jahaliyya / Riba al Nasiyya
People took it on Cash / Currency based Loan
Example:
A takes (financial) loan from B
B is called Principle / Ras-ul-Maal

If A takes 100 rupees of loan from B, and if when he pays back, he pays back 102 or 100 with
some extra favor (because B gave him loan) , the extra 2 rupees or the extra favour is called
RIBA and it is HARAM

B.
Riba al Fadl
People took it on commodities.
Its commodity / transaction based Riba
MEANING OF HADEES:
When barter trading,
Gold For Gold

Silver For Silver

Wheat For Wheat

Barley For Barley

Dates For Dates

Salt For Salt

RULES:
1. It always has to be ​ON THE SPOT.
2. Both sides must exchange ​equal amount and equal qualtity​ commodities.
and the excess is Riba ‫واﻟﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‬

NOTE:​ 6 commodities given above are called ​AMWAL E RABAWIYYA

EXPLANATION
1. Equal amount and equal / same qualtiy because this closes the backdoor to Riba al
Jahaliyya
2. Mark to Market: Prophet encourages more Stimulation and Involvement of the Market.
When more People are involved in a transaction, everyone benefits and prices remain
modest.
3. Closing doors to disputes by having same quality and quantity.

Illat:
● Currency
● Weight or Volume

Same AR vs Same AR Both Rules Apply

Different AR vs Different AR 1st rule only

Same Non AR vs Same Non AR Both Rules Apply

Different Non AR vs Different Non AR Nothing

AR vs Non AR 1st rule only

Surah Baqarah Ayat 275 - 281
● Those who eat/consume/earn riba will be standing on the day of judgement in the
state of madness due to Shaytan's touch because they call trade similar to Riba.
And Allah has made trade Halal and Riba Haram.
● And whoever still insists on taking riba, he will remain in Hellfire forever.
● Allah destroys Riba and increases Sadaqah.
● Allah does not love those who are sinning disbelievers.
● Leave all Riba if you're a Momin.
● If you don't do that, then be ready for a war against Allah and His Rasool.
● And if you perform taubah, Principle will be returned.
● And if you do Qarz e Hasanah, it's better.
● And Fear the day you'll return to Allah

Meaning of HADITH regarding the sin of Riba:

● It's as if a person commits Zina 63 times.
● Riba: 70 levels of sin; least of which is Zina with your Mother.
Arguments given by those who insist on taking Riba
Argument 1
1. Riba in era of the Nabi exploited poor people and forced them to give Riba
2. Riba in Prophet's era was interest on interest.
Answers:
1. It still exploits people.
2. If the first interest is harsh, the interest upon interest is haram too.

Argument 2
You can give it to a Non Muslim.
Answer:
According to the Hadith​,​ the people who
● Give Riba
● Take Riba
● Write it down
● Stand as its witness
All will go to Hellfire.

Logical answer,​ Riba is a 2

​ sided Sin​, which means that both parties get involved in a sin
otherwise it can not be performed. So the giver and taker both are sinners.

Argument 3
Emotional Argument
If there's an old widow living off the interest of the money her husband left because she can not
earn money elsewhere, why can she not be allowed to take interest?
Answer:
● Can she commit Zina? Can she steal? ​NO.
● If that's a sin, Riba too is a sin.
● It's the responsibility of the State then Parents or Guardians and then the Neighbours to
take care of that widowed woman.
Murabaha

● Islamic Bank​ buys the car (​taking all risk​) ​without binding​ a person to buy it
beforehand and then sells it to the person at a ​higher price​.

● Traditional Bank doesn't take any of the risk​. It simply gives 10 lac loan and takes 11
lac back.

CHOOSING A PRICE (and sticking with it)

Bike
● Pay now full 50 lac
● Pay in 2 years total 70 lac
● Once a price is choosen, it can not be changes, even if you pay full.

Musharakah
1. Partnership in car when bought.
2. Rent agreement signed.
3. Over time, the rentee buys a certain % from the renter.
4. Rent adjustment occurs.
5. After 100% is bought by the rentee, he has the ownership.
 Module # 5
Hadees

Hadees Sunnah
● Saying ● Action
● Text ● Preferred Action
● Nass ● Performed Regularly
● Source of Islamic Law

● All (official) sunnah will be in Hadees

● But all Hadees will not be Sunnah

Categories of Hadees

Saying of Nabi Action of Nabi Silent Approval of Nabi

Qauli ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻰ‬ Faili ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ Takreer ‫ﺗﻜﺮﯾﺮ‬
Do / Don’t do / Preferred What Nabi Practically When Nabi stayed silent if
(fazail) Performed something is done and
ً‫اﻟﺤ ْﻤـ ُﺪ َﺣ ْﻤـﺪاً َﻛﺜـﯿﺮاً َﻃﯿﱢـﺒﺎ‬ َ َ
َ ‫َرﺑﱠﻨـﺎ َوﻟﻚ‬ brought to his knowledge
‫ﻣُـﺒﺎرَﻛﺎً ﻓﯿﻪ‬

Categories of Amaal Performed

Farz: ​Nabi Always Did It. Permanently.

Proved through Quran

Wajib:​ Nabi Always Did it. Permanently.

Proved through Hadees.

Sunnah Maukadah:​ Nabi regularly did it but left it out due to a reason ( illness, travel,
jihad )

Sunnah Ghair Maukadah:​ Nabi did it but also left it without any reason.
Sin if you leave it with the idea that it is a lesser Aml. It is never a lesser/lighter Aml.
Categories of Forbidden Amaal

Haram
Nabi forbid it. Through Quran and/or Sunnah
(leaving Farz is Haram)

Makrooh e Tehrimi
Very close to haram
(leaving wajib is Makrooh e Tehrimi)

Makrooh e Tanzihi
Disliked but Allowed
You must have NADAMAT doing it

Q/H Qati us Sabout Zanni us Sabout

Qati ● Quran (Surah Al Ikhlaas) Khabar e Wahid Hadees

Ud
Dalalat ● Mutawatir Hadees

​ mashoor Hadees

Zanni ● Quran (‫ﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ُﻗ ُﺮ َو ٍء‬ َ

َ ‫)ﺛ‬ Khabar e Wahid Hadees
Ud
Dalalat ● Mutawatir Hadees

​ mashoor Hadees
Categories of HADITH w.r.t Authenticity : # of narrators in each
generation
● Mutawatir
○ Narrated by a large number of narrators in each generation
■ Impossible for all of them to lie collectively
■ 100% authenticity

● Mashoor
○ Few Tabi, Many narrators afterwards
■ A little less authenticity than mutawatir
■ Tabieen are tested

● Khabar e Wahid
○ Few narrators in every generation
○ Categories of Khabar e Wahid
■ Sahih​ 100 %

■ Hassan ​70 - 90 %

■ Zaeef​ 50 - 70 %
● Used to tell fazail
■ Mozoo’ ​ ≤ 50 %
● Not regarded as Hadees i.e. NOT HADEES

➔ 95% of Ahadees lie in the Khabar e Wahid Category.

NARRATORS GENERATION WISE CHAIN

NABI (Authorized by ALLAH)

↓
SAHABA (Authorized by Nabi)
↓
TABIEEN
↓
TABA TABIEEN
↓
STUDENTS
↓
MUHADDISEEN (Imam Bukhari, Imam Tirmidhi, Imam Muslim etc.)

➔ After Sahaba, the chain of narrators has to be tested in order

for the Hadith to be authentic.
➔ Muhaddiseen want the chain to be as short as possible.
➔ It is said that Imam Bukhari, even after rigourous testing of
narrators (only trusting those who had witnesses), performed
ISTAKHAARA and then quoted that Hadees.
Criteria to challange / test narrators
➔ Deen / Taqwa
◆ Refrains from Sins
◆ Fulfills Huqooq ul Allah & Huqooq ul Ibaad
➔ Memory

If :
● All criteria fulfilled,
■ Sahih
● Minute issue in one criteria,
■ Hassan
● Major issue in one criteria,
■ Zaeef
● Issue in both criteria,
■ Mozoo’

Note that even if one narrator in the chain has issue in one or both criteria, the
whole chain is affected.
Examples of Narrators being tested by Mushaddiseen

➔ Deen / Taqwa test

◆ A Muhaddis heard of a Narrator living hundreds of miles away. To shorten
the chain, the muhaddis himself travelled hundreds of miles to take the
Hadees from him himself. When the muhaddis finally arrived at the
narrators house, he saw him imitating food in his shirt to attract his horse
towards himself. The muhaddis left without taking the hadees from him
even though the Narrator did not commit any sin.
➔ Memory test
◆ A father used to count his steps to a tree when passing through a path so
he could bend over and not get hit by the long branches of the tree. Once,
he was travelling with his son and bended over when the tree was a few
steps ahead.
◆ After this incident, the son always put the ahadees he took from his father
in the Zaeef Category.
Some issues related to hadees ILM
NABI
↓
SAHABA
↓
TABIEEN
↓
TABA TABIEEN (FUQAHA)
↓
STUDENTS
↓
MUHADDISEEN

NOTE:-
See where the Zauf lies. If the Zauf lies in “Students”, it will be Zaeef after Students - Before
Students, the hadees might be Sahih or Hassan for the Taba Tabieen Fuqaha.

ISSUES RELATED TO HADITH ILM:

1. See where the Zauf is

a. FUQAHA sometimes use Zaeef Hadith to make an Islamic Law.
b. The hadith was Zaeef in the era of muhaddiseen. In the era of Taba
Tabieen FUQAHA, the hadees was Sahih or Hassan.
2. Narrator’s Action VS Narration
a. Action is based on IJTIHAD whereas Narration is ILM of the
Narrator that he has to pass on.
b. Imam Maalik quoted Rafa Yadain Hadees in his book Mauta but
himself does not do Rafa Yadain.
c. Imam Shafi uses Imam Maalik’s narration as a rule to perform Rafa
Yadain.
3. Level Upgraded.
a. This means that the Hadith is narrated by so many Zaeef Narrators
combined that the level of the Hadith itself gets upgraded. A Zaeef
Hadith Becomes more like Hassan Hadith.
b. Importance of Hadith gets Increased.
c. Similarly, if more and more Fuqaha / Muhaddis act on Zaeef Hadith
due to its Fazail, its level is upgraded.
MODULE 6
NABU’VAT / PROPHETHOOD
➔ We got Iman from Prophet.
➔ How does Allah Prove the Prophet?
➔ Allah Gives His Prophets some miracles / maujazaat
◆ These miracles are related to that ILM which is considered
great/distinguished in that time period.

Miracles of some Famous Prophets of Allah

● Hazrat Musa
○ Magic was famous in His era.
○ Allah gave him the miracle that was more powerful than all the magic of
magicians of that era.
○ His Miracle Proved to the Magicians that it is an act of God and they
accepted the true religion.
● Hazrat Isa
○ Medicine was famous in his era.
○ Allah gave him the power to
■ Heal the blind
■ Heal Leprosy i.e. korh ka marz
■ Revive the dead
● Hazrat Muhammad
○ Poetry was famous in the era of Our Beloved Prophet. The arabs called
the non arabs Ajmi i.e. deaf. Arabs took pride in their ability to
communicate effectively and elegantly.
○ Allah revealed his Ultimate Book, The Quran on Our Prophet

➔ Allah gives an open challange to make even one ayah similar to the Quran. All
Kuffar failed the challange. The Kuffar also believed that words like these are not
the words of a man.
➔ For those of us who are not arabic, Quran gives us 100% true facts that could not
be predicted by any human. Science of Today is finding out what our Quran told
us more than 1400 years ago.
According to Imam Ghazali,
Sources of knowledge are
● Our basic 5 senses
● Aql
● Wahy

Our SENSES vs AQL

➔ Medicine is bitter according to our SENSES, but our AQL tells us that taking
medicine is necessary to get better soon.
➔ If someone rejects AQL after knowing that medicine is good, and does not drink
the medicine simply because it is bitter in taste, he/she is nothing more than a
small child having no AQL at all.

AQL vs WAHY
➔ If our AQL does not like something but WAHY teaches us to perform it,
➔ The higher logic of WAHY is accepted, just like the logic of AQL is accepted in
front of our senses.
➔ If someone still rejects WAHY, he/she is like a 3 year old child who does not
know his/her good or bad. That person is similar to a small kid who touches fire
simply because it is something bright.

Important Points:
● The logic of AQL is higher than the logic of SENSES.
● The logic of WAHY is higher than the logic of AQL.
● We cannot judge WAHY based on our AQL.
● Wahy is mostly beyond the limits of our AQL.
● AQL is bound by our technological advances and collective intellect of humans.
● WAHY is bound by Nothing.
Some Facts Given In The Quran
1. Every star is moving in its orbit
a. Now we know that even the sun is not stationary.
b. It revolves around its own axis.
c. The solar system with the sun at its center is revolving around something
bigger than it.
2. Process of child birth
a. Quran clearly outlines all the stages of childbirth in a mother’s womb when
ther was no technology.
3. Honey bee
a. The Quran educates us about the Honey Bee what the science has come
to know after technology
4. Water Cycle
a. Quran tells us about the cycle of Rain.
5. Wave upon wave
a. Quran describes a moment of wave upon wave in the sea as a moment of
complete darkness
b. A sailor after listening to this Ayah accepted Islam as he had experienced
what the Quran was talking about.

● Quran is correct on all things and this can not be a coincidence. It was
impossible for a human to say more than 1400 years ago.
● Once WAHY is proven to be right, we can follow WAHY without checking
with our AQL.

QURAN is not a Book of Science.

Quran is a book of Life.
● Iman bil Ghayb, angels, Jannat and Jahannum, the day of Judgement
● These can never be described using AQL because it is incapable.
● Only WAHY can guide us here.

➔ Even Atheists are unable to describe the origin of the universe. They know all
that happened after the Big Bang but they fail to describe where did the particles
that formed the universe originate.
Our Relationship with Nabi
● Allah’s deen is given to Nabi.
● Nabi is proven true by Quran.

Our Relationship with Nabi

1. Iman
a. We have to have ​iman (i.e. belief with action)​ in our Prophet.
‫ﻮا ﺑِ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎﷲ َو َر ُﺳﻮﻟِ ِﻪ‬ ْ ُ‫ﻮا آ ِﻣﻨ‬ َ ‫ﯾَﺎ أَﱡﯾ َﻬﺎ اﻟﱠ ِﺬ‬
ْ ُ‫ﯾﻦ آ َﻣﻨ‬ .i

An-Nisa (The Women) 4

​ :136 .ii
iii. Here Allah is talking about ACTION
iv. As ​iman​ is: belief in heart, saying from tongue, and ​acting upon it.
2. Ita’at
a. Obey
َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺳ‬
‫ﻮل‬ ‫ﻮا ﱠ‬ْ ‫اﷲ َوأَ ِﻃﯿ ُﻌ‬ ْ ‫ﻮا أَ ِﻃﯿ ُﻌ‬
‫ﻮا ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﯾَﺎ أَﱡﯾ َﻬﺎ اﻟﱠ ِﺬ‬
ْ ُ‫ﯾﻦ آ َﻣﻨ‬ .b
c. An-Nisa (The Women) 4
​ :59 
d. Halal / Haram

3. Itt’eba
‫ اﺗﺒﺎع‬.a
‫ ت ب ع = ﺗﺒﻊ‬.b
c. a young goat who follows her mother without logically
analysing it is called ‫ﺗﺒﻊ‬
d. Itt’ba is to follow footsteps.
e. Prophet is declared USWA E HASANA by Allah.
f. Itt’eba is not superficial but exsists in Zahir and in Baatin.
 ‫اﷲ َوﯾَ ْﻐﻔِ ْﺮ ﻟَ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬
‫اﷲ َﻓﺎﺗﱠﺒِ ُﻌﻮﻧِﻲ ﯾُ ْﺤﺒِ ْﺒ ُﻜ ُﻢ ﱡ‬‫ﻮن ﱠ‬ َ ‫ُﻗ ْﻞ إِن ُﻛﻨﺘُ ْﻢ ﺗُ ِﺤﱡﺒ‬
‫اﷲ َﻏﻔُﻮ ٌر ﱠر ِﺣﯿ ٌﻢ‬‫ُذﻧُﻮﺑَ ُﻜ ْﻢ َو ﱡ‬
3:31 Say [O Prophet]: "If you love God, follow me, [and] God will 
love you and forgive you your sins; for God is much-forgiving, a 
dispenser of grace." 
 
 
4. Mohabbat
a. Ita’at + Itt’eba is the cause of Mohabbat
b. Hadees says “None of you will have faith till he loves me more
than his father, his children, and all mankind.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 1: #14

c. Mohabbat is 2 sided. If one person expresses love for the other and gets
rejected, the person is heartbroken.
d. Nabi has already expressed his MOHABBAT for us.
e. Do we not reject that Mohabbat?
Some Ahadees where Nabi expresses His Love for Us
1. Nabi said which is summarised as:​ “I want to meet my ​brothers / Ahibbaat​.”
Sahaba asked “ are we not?” Nabi replied which means that sahaba are included
in that category but by​ brothers / Ahibbaat​ , Nabi meant that those who do not
have seen him or seen Wahy being delivered to Him. Nabi told that when they
i.e. ​brothers / Ahibbaat ​follow him, they will be humiliated. If given the chance,
they would give up everything just to come meet me.
○ If someone is waiting a long time to meet their loved one, and they don’t
show up, their heart is broken.
○ In this summary of hadith, we see that Nabi is waiting to meet us. If we get
thrown in Fire ( May Allah Protect Us ) , how will we meet him?
2. Even On the Night of Mira​j, in front of Almighty Allah, where nobody else was
there, even there our Beloved Prophet remembers us.
○ AthahiyyaatuLillahi Was Salawaatu Wattayyibatu —• ​All compliments, all
physical prayer and all monetary worship are for Allah.
○ Assalamu Alaika Ayyuhannabi ‘yu ‘Warahmatullaahi Wabarka’tuhu —•
Peace be upon you, Oh Prophet, and Allah’s mercy and blessings.
○ Assalamu Alaina Wa’alaa’Ibaadillaahis Saa’liheen, —• ​Peace be on us
and on all righteous slaves of Allah.
○ Ash’had’u’Allahaa ilaha illallahu —•​I bear witness that no one is worthy of
worship except Allah
○ Wa Ash’hadu Anna Muhammadun Abd’uhu Wa Rasooluh —• ​And I bear
witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger
3. Before His Death,​ He kept Praying, NOT FOR THE SAHABA, BUT FOR US.
○ Rabbi Ummati Ummati ( Oh Allah, My Ummat, My Ummat )
4. In the AAKHIRAH​, the JALAL of Allah would be at its peak.
○ Every soul will Run away from His Brother
○ And from His Mother and Father
○ And from His Spouse and His Children
○ At that time, all Nabi will say “NAFSI NAFSI”
○ But Our Beloved Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad at that time, will say
UMMATI UMMATI
 َ ‫ﺎن اﷲﱠُ ﻟِ َﯿ ْﻈﻠِ َﻤ ُﻬ ْﻢ َوﻟَﻜِﻦ َﻛﺎ ُﻧﻮا أَﻧ ُﻔ َﺴ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﯾ ْﻈﻠِ ُﻤ‬
‫ﻮن‬ َ ‫َو َﻣﺎ َﻛ‬

And it was not God who wronged them, but

it was they who had wronged themselves.

Al-'Ankabut (The Spider) ​29:40 

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sadaq Allah Al Azeem.