Phy Chem 3 Past Questions 2011 - 2012

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL DIPLOMA: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
MODULE CET2AP5
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3
CAMPUS DFC
CLASS TEST 1
DATE: 25/03/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00
ASSESSOR DR OA AROTIBA
INTERNAL MODERATOR MR PP MONAMA
DURATION 100 MINUTES MARKS 100
NUMBER OF PAGES: 7
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B (LONG

QUESTIONS) IN THE SAME ANSWER BOOK PROVIDED.
FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION NUMBER AND

THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE. FOR EXAMPLE: 17 = E
FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE CORRECT

NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND WITH APPROPRIATE UNITS.
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION ANSWERED IN

PENCIL WILL BE MARKED.DO NOT USE TYPEX. ANY ANSWER THAT IS
TYPEXED WILL NOT BE MARKED.
REQUIREMENTS: ANSWER SCRIPT

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 / CET2AP5 PAST QUESTIONS -2-
SECTION A
1. When liquid mercury is heated slowly in a closed container it boils. If the
heat added to the gaseous mercury is gradually removed, then it liquefies
again. This is an example of a …………process which is……………. and a
………………..function
A. chemical, irreversible, non-state

B. physical, reversible, non-state
C. physical, irreversible, state
D. physical, reversible, state
E. chemical, reversible, non-state
2. Calculate the work done by a gas when it expands through 1.0 cm3
against an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa.
A. -100 J
B. -0.10 J
C -0.001 J
D. -1 x 10-6 J
E. -1.0 J
3. Calculate the work done by 2.0 mol of a gas when it expands reversibly
and isothermally from 1.0 dm3 to 3.0 dm3 at 50 .
A. +0.9 kJ
B. -0.9 kJ
C -3.7 kJ
D. +3.7 kJ
E. -5.9 kJ
4. The work required to raise 10.0 g of liquid water (corresponding to a

volume of about 10.0 mL) through the trunk of a 20.0 m tree from its roots
to its topmost leaves is. [take acceleration due to gravity to be 9.80 ms-2]
A. -1.96 J
B. -0.196 kJ
C. -19.6 kJ
D. -196 kJ
E. None of the above
θ θ
5. The reason why S M for liquid ammonia is less than S M for gaseous
ammonia is that at 298.15K,
A. there are more hydrogen bonds in gaseous ammonia than in liquid

B. there is more disorder in gaseous ammonia than liquid ammonia
C. liquid ammonia can boil faster than gaseous ammonia can condense
D. the density of gaseous ammonia is higher than that of liquid ammonia
E. there is less disorder in gaseous ammonia than liquid ammonia
6. 53.998 g of water was electrically heated to cause a temperature change of

4.27oC. This occurred when a current of 31.0 mA was supplied over a
potential difference of 2.65 V for 1 hour 2 minutes and 56 seconds. The
molar heat capacity at constant pressure for water is therefore
A. 24.2 J mol-1K-1
B. 218 J mol-1K-1
C. 242 J mol-1K-1
D. 373 J mol-1K-1
7. Given the following information:
Substance: Molar entropy/J mol–1 K–1

Gaseous carbon dioxide 213.74
Liquid water 69.91
Aqueous carbonic acid 187.4
The entropy of the chemical reaction between 55.54 mol of liquid water and
2.750 mol of gaseous carbon dioxide in 1.000 dm3 to form aqueous
carbonic acid is:
A. -35.00 JK-1
B. -5.346 kJK-1
C. -96.25 JK-1
D. -264.7 JK-1
8. Calculate the change in molar entropy when hydrogen gas is heated from
20 to 30 at constant volume. ( )
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9. The protein lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls,
unfolds at a transition temperature of 75.5 °C, and the standard enthalpy of
transition is 509 kJ/mol. Calculate the entropy of transition
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. Calculate for the reaction below:
( ) ( ) ( ) (at 298.15 K and 1 Bar)
Given ( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
A.
B.
C.
D. -566
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1
1.1 Define the following:

1.1.1 Intensive property. (2)
1.1.2 A closed system. (2)
1.1.3 Adiabatic wall. (2)
1.1.4 Heat. (2)
1.1.5 Work. (2)
1.2 State the condition under which a system is doing maximum expansion
work. (2)
1.3 Derive the equation for the maximum expansion work of a perfect gas. (5)
1.4 State the second law of thermodynamics indicating the relevant equation. (3)
[20]
QUESTION 2
2.1 A 4.50 g sample of methane occupies 12.7 dm3 at 310 K. (a) Calculate
the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant
external pressure of 30.0 kPa until its volume has increased by 3.30 dm3. (3)
(b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred
isothermally and reversibly. (4)
2.2 (a) The combustion of 0.0222 g of isooctane vapor, C8H18(g), at constant

pressure raises the temperature of a calorimeter 0.400°C. The heat
capacity of the calorimeter and water combined is 2.48 kJ/°C. Find the
molar heat of combustion of gaseous isooctane.
C8H18(g) 12½ O2(g) → 8CO2(g) 9H2O(l) (6)

(b) How many grams of C8H18(g) must be burnt to obtain 362 kJ of heat
energy? (3)
[16]
QUESTION 3
3.1 It can be argued that a reaction with positive entropy may not be
spontaneous and also that not all exothermic reactions are spontaneous.
Thus, using your understanding of Gibbs free energy, entropy and
enthalpy, briefly give two explicit conditions under which a reaction must
be spontaneous. (4)
3.1.1 Calculate the change in entropy when 100 g of water at 80°C is poured
into 100 g of water at 10°C in an insulated vessel given that
Cp,m =75.5 J/Kmol. (8)
3.1.2 A sample of carbon dioxide that initially occupies 20 dm3 at 250K and 1.5
atm is compressed isothermally. Into what volume must the gas be
compressed to reduce its entropy 20 JK-1. (5)
3.1.3 Determine the standard reaction Gibbs energy of ammonia from the
reaction below
( ) ( ) ( )
( ( )) ( ( )) ; ( ( ))
Is the reaction spontaneous? Explain. (5)

3.2 Given the phase diagram with labels/points A to G below, (a) List what
each of these labels/points represents. (7)
(b) Briefly explain labels/points C and G. (3)
A solid G
Liquid
E
F
C
Gas
D
B
[22]
-----------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
CLASS TEST 2
DATE: 19/04/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00
NUMBER OF PAGES: 7
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B

(LONG QUESTIONS) IN THE SAME ANSWER BOOK
PROVIDED.
FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION

NUMBER AND THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE. FOR
EXAMPLE: 17 = E
FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE

CORRECT NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND WITH
APPROPRIATE UNITS.
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION

ANSWERED IN PENCIL WILL BE MARKED. DO NOT USE
TYPEX. ANY ANSWER THAT IS TYPEXED WILL NOT BE
MARKED.

SECTION A
1. An azeotrope is a mixture where
A. there is a distinguishable phase boundary between the

mixing liquids
B. the compositions of the vapour and liquid are identical
C. the mole fractions of the mixing liquids and resultant solid
are equal
D. the temperature of the solution does not change
E. the mole fractions of solute and solvent are equivalent
2. What phase changes would be observed when a pressure of

7.0 kPa is applied to a sample of water in equilibrium with its
vapour at 25°C, when its vapour pressure is 3.2 kPa?
A. The sample boils

B. The sample condenses entirely to liquid
C. The vapour pressure increases
D. There will be no change in the vapour pressure of the sample
E. The sample vapourises
3. Choose the words that most correctly complete the following

statement:
“An individual process is always non-spontaneous, no matter
what the temperature that the process is maintained at, if the
enthalpy of that process is … and the entropy of that process
is … making its Gibbs free energy …”
A. less than zero, more than zero, less than zero

B. less than zero, less than zero, more than zero
C. more than zero, more than zero, less than zero
D. less than zero, more than zero, more than zero
E. more than zero, less than zero, more than zero
4. Calculate the ionic strength of a solution that is 0.15 mol kg−l in KCl(aq)
and 0.30 mol kg−1 in CuSO4(aq).
A. 0.75
B. 2.55
C. 1.28
D. 0.45
E. 1.35
5. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution

of MgF2 in terms of the activity coefficients of the individual
ions.
       
1/2
A.
       2 
1/2
B.
       2 
13
C.
     2  
1/2
D.
E. none of the above
6. A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.33 g of C60 (buck-minsterfullerene) in

100.0 g of toluene (methylbenzene). Given that the vapour pressure of
pure toluene is 5.00 kPa at 30°C, what is the vapour pressure of toluene in
the solution? [Molar mass of C60 =720.6 g/mol; Toluene = C7H8]
A. 1.26 kPa
B. 4.99 kPa
C. 7.87 kPa
D. 0.15 kPa
E. 1.35 kPa
7. Calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide in fat given that the Henry’s
law constant is 8.6 104 Torr and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
55 kPa.
A. 6.4 10-4
B. 9.8 10-3
C. 4.6 10-4
D. 4.8 10-4
E. 4.8 10-3
8. Calculate the number of grams of sodium metal that will form at the
cathode when a 10.0 A current is passed through molten sodium chloride
for a period of 4.00 hours.
A. 0.572 g
B. 0.854 g
C. 135 g
D. 34.3 g
E. 1.35 g
9. Calculate the volume of H2 gas at 25oC and 1.00 atm that will collect at the
cathode when an aqueous solution of Na2SO4 is electrolyzed for 2.00 hours
with a 10.0 A current.
A. 9.11 L
B. 4.57 L
C. 935 L
D. 11.0 L
E. 22.4 L
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 / CET2AP5 PAST QUESTIONS - 10 -
10. The addition of 28.0 g of a compound to 750 g of tetrachloromethane, CCl4,

lowered the freezing point of the solvent by 5.40 K. Calculate the molar
mass of the compound. [kf = 30 K kg/mol]
A. 159 g/mol
B. 250 g/mol
C. 180 g/mol
D. 207 g/mol
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1
1.1 State Raoult’s law showing the relevant equation and the meaning of each
term in the equation (4)
1.1.1 Write two limitations of Raoult’s law (4)

1.1.2 From the perspective of entropy, explain why the vapour pressure of the
solvent in the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent. (4)
1.1.3 The dashed and solid line in the figure 1 below represent the expected
Raoult’s law vapour pressure and observed vapour pressure for
substances A and B respectively.
a) What type of deviation is illustrated? (2)
b) Explain in details the reason for this deviation from Raoult’s law (3)
Figure 1
1.2 Sate Henry’s law showing the relevant equation and the meaning of each
1.2.1 What is/are the difference(s) between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law? (2)
1.2.2 At 300 K, the vapour pressure of dilute solutions of HCl in liquid GeCl4 are
as follows:
x (HCl) 0.005 0.012 0.019

p/kPa 32.0 76.9 121.8
a) Show that the solution obeys Henry’s law in this range of mole fractions (2)
b) Calculate the Henry’s law constant at 300 K. (1)
[26]
QUESTION 2
2.1 A saturated solution of Na2SO4, with excess of the solid, is present at

equilibrium with its vapour in a closed vessel.
2.1.1 How many phases and components are present? (2)

2.1.2 What is the number of degrees of freedom of the system? (1)
2.1.3 Identify the independent variables (2)
2.2 Suppose that the solution referred to in question 2.1 is not saturated.

2.2.3 Identify the independent variables. (2)
2.3 Use the phase diagram in Figure 2 to state what would be observed when
a sample of carbon dioxide, initially at 1.0 bar and 298 K is subjected to the
following in a sequence: (i) constant-pressure heating to 301 K, (ii)
isothermal compression to 75 atm, (iii) constant-pressure heating to 320 K
(iv) constant-pressure cooling to 210 K, (v) isothermal decompression to
1.0 atm. (6)
Figure 2
2.4 Either camphor (C10H16O, molecular weight = 152 g/mol) or naphthalene

(C10H8, molecular weight = 128 g/mol) can be used to make mothballs. A
5.2 g sample of mothballs was dissolved in 100.0 g of ethyl alcohol, and
the resulting solution had a boiling point of 78.90 °C. Were the mothballs
made of camphor or naphthalene? Pure ethyl alcohol has a boiling point of
78.41°C; its KB = 1.22°C/molal. (5)
[21]
QUESTION 3
The resistances of a series of aqueous NaCl solutions, formed by

successive dilution of a sample, were measured in a cell with cell constant
(the constant C in the relation k = C/R) equal to 0.1563 cm−1. The following
values were found: [Hints: solve this problem using a graphical approach]
c/mol dm-3 0.00050 0.0010 0.0050 0.010 0.020 0.050

R/ 3314 1669 342.1 174.1 89.08 37.14
3.1 From a neatly drawn graph, verify that the molar conductivity follows the
Kohlrausch law and find the limiting molar conductivity. (10)
3.2 Determine the coefficient K. (3)
3.3 Use the value of K (which should depend only on the nature, not the
identity of the ions) and the information that λ(Na+) = 3.80 mS m2 mol−1 and
λ(|−) = 5.82 mS m2 mol−1 to predict (i) the molar conductivity, (ii) the
conductivity, (iii) the resistance it would show in the cell, of 0.005 mol dm−3
NaI(aq) at 25°C. (9)
[22]
-------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
Formula sheet
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
JUNE EXAMINATION (MAIN)
DATE: 25/03/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00
EXTERNAL MODERATOR PROF D LEVENDIS
DURATION 3 HOURS MARKS 150
NUMBER OF PAGES: 10




REQUIREMENTS: ANSWER SCRIPT, GRAPH PAPER

SECTION A
A. -100 J
B. -0.10 J
C -0.001 J
D. -1 x 10-6 J
E. -1.0 J
55 kPa.
A. 6.4 10-4
B. 9.8 10-3
C. 4.6 10-4
D. 4.8 10-4
E. 4.8 10-3
θ θ

4. 53.998 g of water was electrically heated to cause a temperature change of

4.27oC. This occurred when a current of 31.0 mA was supplied over a
potential difference of 2.65 V for 1 hour 2 minutes and 56 seconds. The
molar heat capacity at constant pressure for water is therefore
A. 24.2 J mol-1K-1
B. 218 J mol-1K-1
C. 242 J mol-1K-1
D. 373 J mol-1K-1
5. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution of MgF2 in

terms of the activity coefficients of the individual ions.
       
1/2
A.
       2 
1/2
B.
       2 
13
C.
     2  
1/2
D.
A. 9.11 L
B. 4.57 L
C. 935 L
D. 11.0 L
E. 22.4 L
7. Which of the wavelengths below would not be able to cause electrons to

be ejected from the surface of cesium metal, with a work function of 1.97
eV?
A. 580 nm (Red)
B. 532 nm (Green)
C. 466 nm (Blue)
D. 621 nm (Orange)
E. 697 nm (Yellow)
( ) ( ) ( ) (at 298.15 K and 1 Bar)
Given ( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
A.
B.
C.
D. -566
9. Which one of the following graphs shows the correct relationship

between concentration and time for a second order reaction?
10. A reaction 2 A → P has a second-order rate law with kr = 1.44 dm3 mol−1
s−1. Calculate the time required for the concentration of A to change from
0.460 mol dm−3 to 0.046 mol dm−3.
A. 87 s
B. 123 s
C. 6.8 s
D. 68 s
E. 78 s
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1
1.1.1 Intensive property. (2)

1.1.2 Adiabatic wall. (2)
1.1.3 A state function. (2)
1.3 The heat capacity of air is much smaller than that of water, and relatively
modest amounts of heat are needed to change its temperature. The heat
capacity of air at room temperature and pressure is approximately 21 J K−1
mol−1. [Room temperature and pressure are 298 K and 1.0 atmosphere
respectively]
1.3.1 How much energy is required to raise the temperature of a room of

dimensions 5.5 m × 6.5 m × 3.0 m by 10°C? (4)
1.3.2 If losses are neglected, how long will it take a heater rated at 1.5 kW to
achieve that increase given that 1 W = 1 J s−1? (2)
[16]
QUESTION 2

2.1.2 From the perspective of entropy, explain why the vapour pressure of a
2.2 The dashed and solid line in the Figure 1 below represent the expected
2.2.1 What type of deviation is illustrated? (1)

2.2.2 Explain in details the reason for this deviation from Raoult’s law (3)
Figure 1


1.0 atm.
(5)
Figure 2
2.5 Hexane and perfluorohexane (C6F14) show partial miscibility below

22.70°C. The critical concentration at the upper critical temperature is x =
0.355, where x is the mole fraction of C6F14. At 22.0°C the two solutions in
equilibrium have x = 0.24 and x = 0.48, respectively, and at 21.5°C the
mole fractions are 0.22 and 0.51. Sketch the phase diagram using these
pieces of information. [solution E 6.35] (3)
[25]
QUESTION 3
be spontaneous. (2)
3.2 Calculate the change in entropy when 100 g of water at 80 °C is poured
into 100 g of water at 20 °C in an insulated vessel given that
Cp,m =75.5 J/Kmol. (6)
3.3 A sample of carbon dioxide that initially occupies 20 dm3 at 250 K and
1.5 atm is compressed isothermally. Into what volume must the gas be
compressed to reduce its entropy to 20 JK-1. (4)
3.4 Determine the standard reaction Gibbs energy of ammonia from the
reaction below
( ) ( ) ( )
( ( )) ( ( )) ; ( ( )) (2)
3.5 A sample of aluminium of mass 1.00 kg is cooled at constant pressure

from 300 K to 250 K. The molar heat capacity of aluminum is 24.35 J K−1
mol−1.Calculate
3.5.1 the energy that must be removed as heat. (2)

3.5.2 the change in entropy of the sample. (2)
[18]
QUESTION 4

c/mol dm-3 0.00050 0.0010 0.0050 0.010 0.020 0.050

R/ 3314 1669 342.1 174.1 89.08 37.14
4.4. In an electrolytic setup containing cells of AgNO3, MgCl2, and Au(NO3)3

salts arranged in series, after 1 hour 20 minutes, the mass of the cathode
in the second cell increased by 50.05 g. Calculate
4.4.1 the mass of silver deposited at the first cell. (4)

4.4.2 the moles of gold deposited in the third cell. (2)
4.4.3 the amount of current passed through the electrolytic cell. (1)
4.4.4 If this reaction took place at standard temperature and pressure, what
volume of chlorine gas will be liberated in the second cell. [1 mole of a
gas at stp = 22.4 dm3] (3)
[25]
QUESTION 5
It is well known that classical physics fails to explain some behaviors of

substances at microscopic level and at high speed – the reason for
quantum theory. Define the phenomena listed below and discuss in
details the failure of classical physics and the success of quantum theory
in explaining them. Use relevant diagrams and equations to illustrate your
argument
5.1 Black body radiation (8)

5.2 Photoelectric effect (8)
[16]
.
QUESTION 6
6.1 What is an activated complex? (2)
6.2 Write the three summaries of collision theory (3)
6.3. Explain how the collision theory relates to Arrhenius equation

Ea
ln k  ln A  (2)
RT
6.3.1 A rate constant is 2.78 × 10−4 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 19 °C and 3.38 × 10−3 dm3
mol−1 s−1 at 37 °C. Evaluate the Arrhenius parameters of the reaction. (4)
6.4 Given the enzyme catalytic equation:

ka
E  S  
 ES 
kb
E  P
k' a
vmax [ S ]
v
Derive the Michaelis–Menten equation
K M  [S ] using steady state
approximation. Given that v  kb [ ES ] and vmax  kb [ E ]0 (10)
[21]
QUESTION 7
Discuss the assumptions and limitations of Langmuir isotherm? (6)
[6]
-----------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
JUNE EXAMINATION (SUPPLEMENTARY)
DATE: 25/03/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00
EXTERNAL MODERATOR PROF D LEVENDIS
DURATION 3 HOURS MARKS 150
NUMBER OF PAGES: 7





SECTION A
transition is 509 kJ/mol. Calculate the entropy of transition
A.
B.
C.
D.
55 kPa.
A. 6.4 10-4
B. 4.8 10-3
C. 4.6 10-4
D. 4.8 10-4
E. 9.8 10-3
A. +0.9 kJ
B. -0.9 kJ
C -3.7 kJ
D. +3.7 kJ
E. -5.9 kJ
4. Which one of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between
concentration and time for a second order reaction?
θ θ

6. Electrons are ejected from the surface of a metal with a

kinetic energy of 2.07 x 10–19 J when electromagnetic
radiation with a wavelength of 488 nm is shone upon it.
What is the value of the work function of the metal?
F. 2.54 eV
G. 1.29 eV
H. 2.00 eV
I. 1.25 eV
J. None of the above
7. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution of Na2SO4 in

terms of the activity coefficients of the individual ions.
     2  4 
1/6
A.
       2 
1/2
B.
       2 
13
C.
     2  
1/2
D.
8. Given the following information:
Substance: Molar entropy/J mol–1 K–1

Gaseous carbon dioxide 213.74
Liquid water 69.91
Aqueous carbonic acid 187.4
The entropy of the chemical reaction between 55.54 mol of liquid water and
2.750 mol of gaseous carbon dioxide in 1.000 dm3 to form aqueous
carbonic acid is:
A. -35.00 JK-1
B. -5.346 kJK-1
C. -96.25 JK-1
D. -264.7 JK-1
A. 9.11 L
B. 4.57 L
C. 935 L
D. 11.0 L
E. 22.4 L
10. Choose the words that most correctly complete the following statement:
“An individual process is always non-spontaneous, no matter what the
temperature that the process is maintained at, if the enthalpy of that
process is … and the entropy of that process is … making its Gibbs free
energy …”
F. less than zero, more than zero, less than zero

G. less than zero, less than zero, more than zero
H. more than zero, more than zero, less than zero
I. less than zero, more than zero, more than zero
J. more than zero, less than zero, more than zero
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1
1.1.1 Extensive property. (2)

1.1.2 A closed system. (2)
1.1.3 A state function. (2)
1.2 Derive the equation for the change in entropy when a perfect gas
expands isothermally from a volume Vi to Vf. (4)
1.3 A sample of blood plasma occupies 0.550 dm3 at 0°C and 1.03 bar, and is
compressed isothermally by 0.57 per cent (of its initial volume) by being
subjected to a constant external pressure of 95.2 bar. Calculate the work
done in this process. (4)
1.4 When 229 J of energy is supplied as heat to 3.00 mol Ar(g), the
temperature of the sample increases by 2.55 K. Calculate the molar heat
capacities at constant volume of the gas. (2)
[16]
QUESTION 2

2.1.2 From the perspective of entropy, explain why the vapour pressure of the
2.2 The dashed and solid line in the Figure 1 below represent the expected
2.2.1 What type of deviation is illustrated? (1)

2.2.2 Explain in details the reason for this deviation from Raoult’s law (3)
Figure 1
2.3 An unsaturated solution of Na2SO4, is present at equilibrium with its vapour

in a closed vessel.

1.0 atm.
(5)
Figure 2
2.5 Hexane and perfluorohexane (C6F14) show partial miscibility below

22.70°C. The critical concentration at the upper critical temperature is x =
0.355, where x is the mole fraction of C6F14. At 22.0°C the two solutions in
equilibrium have x = 0.24 and x = 0.48, respectively, and at 21.5°C the
mole fractions are 0.22 and 0.51. Sketch the phase diagram using these
pieces of information. [solution E 6.35] (3)
[25]
QUESTION 3
be spontaneous. (2)
3.2 Calculate the change in entropy when 50 g of water at 80 °C is poured
into 50 g of water at 40 °C in an insulated vessel given that
Cp,m =75.5 J/Kmol. (6)
3.3 A monatomic perfect gas at a temperature Ti is expanded isothermally to

twice its initial volume. To what temperature should it be cooled to restore
its entropy to its initial value? (Take CV,m = ). (4)
3.4 Determine the standard reaction Gibbs energy of ammonia from the
reaction below
( ) ( ) ( )
( ( )) ( ( )) ; ( ( )) (2)
3.5 A sample of lead of mass 1 .00 kg is cooled at constant pressure from 300
K to 250 K. The molar heat capacity of lead is 26.65 J K−1 mol−1. Calculate
3.5.1 the energy that must be removed as heat. (2)

3.5.2 the change in entropy of the sample. (2)
[18]
QUESTION 4

c/mol dm-3 0.00050 0.0010 0.0050 0.010 0.020 0.050

R/ 3314 1669 342.1 174.1 89.08 37.14
4.4. In an electrolytic setup containing cells of NaCl (dilute solution),

Mg(NO3)2, and Au(NO3)3 salts arranged in series, after 1 hour 20 minutes,
the mass of the cathode in the second cell increased by 40.05 g.
Calculate
4.4.1 the moles of gold deposited in the third cell. (4)

4.4.2 the mass of hydrogen gas produced in the first cell. (2)
4.4.3 If this reaction took place at standard temperature and pressure, what
volume of oxygen gas will be liberated in the first cell? [1 mole of a gas at
stp = 22.4 dm3] (3)
[24]
QUESTION 5
5.1 It is well known that classical physics fails to explain some behaviors of
substances at microscopic level and at high speed – the reason for
quantum theory. Define the phenomena listed below and discuss in
details the failure of classical physics and the success of quantum theory
in explaining them. Use relevant diagrams and equations to illustrate your
argument.
5.1.1 Black body radiation (8)

5.1.2 The hydrogen atom spectra (9)
[17]
QUESTION 6
6.1 Define the following
6.1.1 Reaction mechanism (2)

6.1.2 The rate determining step (2)
6.1.3 Molecularity (2)
6.2 A rate constant is 2.78 × 10−4 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at 19 °C and 3.38 × 10−3 dm3
mol−1 s−1 at 37 °C. Evaluate the Arrhenius parameters of the reaction. (4)
6.3 Horseradish peroxidase is an enzyme found in the root of the horseradish

plant. Its function is to catalyse the oxidation of organic substrates that
contain aromatic rings. The following oxidation reaction can be monitored
by using a UV–VIS spectrometer because the product absorbs light of
wavelength 450 nm
The initial velocities, V, of the reaction were found to vary with concentration of the
substrate, [S], as follows
[S]/mmol dm-3 0.11 0.18 0.29 0.37 0.48

V/mmol dm-3 s-1 1.36 x 10-3 1.90 x 10-3 2.53 x 10-3 2.78 x 10-3 3.08 x 10-3
6.3.1 Show that these data are consistent with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. (4)
6.3.2 Determine the maximum velocity. (4)
6.3.3 Calculate the Michaelis constant, KM, for the reaction (4)
[22]
QUESTION 7
Discuss the assumptions and limitations of Langmuir isotherm? (6)

[6]
-----------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
CLASS TEST 1
DATE: 27/02/2012 SESSION: 8:00 - 10:00
DURATION: 100 MINUTES MARKS: 90
NUMBER OF PAGES: 7





SECTION A
1. In the isothermal reversible compression of 52.0 mmol of a perfect gas at
260 K, the volume of the gas is reduced from 300 cm3 to 100 cm3.
Calculate w for this process.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C
D.
E.
A.
B.
C
D.
E.
4. The work required to raise 10.0 g of liquid water (corresponding to a

volume of about 10.0 mL) through the trunk of a 20.0 m tree from its roots
to its topmost leaves is. [Take acceleration due to gravity to be 9.80 m s-2]
A.
B.
C.
D.
 θ

6. In an experiment to determine the calorific value of a food, a sample of the

food was burned in an oxygen bomb calorimeter and the temperature rose
by 2.89 °C. When a current of 1.27 A from a 12.5 V source flowed through
the same calorimeter for 157 s, the temperature rose by 3.88 °C. What
energy is released as heat by the combustion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
7. A sample of blood plasma occupies 0.550 dm3 at 0 °C and 1.03 bar, and is
compressed isothermally by 0.57 per cent by being subjected to a constant
external pressure of 95.2 bar. Calculate w.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. Calculate the change in molar entropy when hydrogen gas is heated from
20 to 30 at constant volume. ( )
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
transition is 509 kJ mol-1. Calculate the entropy of transition
A.
B.
C.
D.
( ) ( ) ( ) (at 298.15 K and 1 Bar)
Given ( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
( ( ))
A.
B.
C.
D.
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1

1.1.1 Thermodynamics.
1.1.2 Extensive property. (2)
1.1.3 An isolated system. (2)
1.1.4 Thermodynamic work. (2)
1.2 What is the main difference between thermodynamics and kinetics? (2)
[13]
QUESTION 2
2. Use your knowledge of thermodynamics to answer the following

questions. Please support your brief explanations/answers with
equations/formulae and diagrams where necessary.
2.1 Why is the thermodynamic term H (change in enthalpy) preferred to q

(heat) and U, when explaining the energetics of most reactions (systems)
that take place in the laboratory? (4)
2.2 Heat capacity is usually defined as . Why is this equation also

written as in a bomb calorimeter? (3)
2.3 On a hot day, the body sweats so as to regulate its temperature. Explain
in thermodynamics sense, the effect of sweating on our body. (4)
2.4 Using a suitable example, explain why a reaction that has decreased
entropy (-∆S) can still be spontaneous. (4)
2.5 At what condition(s) of enthalpy and entropy can a reaction be

undoubtedly spontaneous? (2)
2.6 Why is the term ‘phase’ sometimes more specific than ‘state of matter’? (3)
2.7 Entropies of vaporization at 1 atm and normal boiling:
Liquid substances ( )
Ammonia, NH3 97.4
Benzene, C6H6 87.2
Bromine, Br2 88.6
Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 85.9
Cyclohexane, C6H12 85.1
Ethanol, C2H5OH 104.1
Hydrogen sulphide, H2S 87.9
Water, H2O 109.1
2.7.1 From the table above, explain the reason(s) for the high value the
vaporisation entropy for water and ethanol in the table above? (3)
Hvap 1 1
2.7.2 “The approximate value of 8 K mol is expected for most
TB
liquids that changes to gas according to Trouton’s rule”. Discuss this
statement. (3)
[26]
QUESTION 3
3.1 (a) The combustion of 0.0222 g of isooctane vapour, C8H18 (g), at constant
pressure raises the temperature of a calorimeter 0.400 °C. The heat
capacity of the calorimeter and water combined is 2.48 kJ °C-1. Find the
molar heat of combustion of gaseous isooctane.
C8H18(g) 12½ O2(g) → 8CO2(g) 9H2O(l) (6)
(b) How many grams of C8H18 (g) must be burnt to obtain 362 kJ of heat? (3)
3.2 A sample of nitrogen dioxide that initially occupies 20.0 dm3 at 250 K and
1.00 atm is compressed isothermally. Into what volume must the gas be
compressed to reduce its entropy by 15.0 J K−1? (5)
3.3 Calculate the entropy of vaporization of ethanol, C2H5OH, at 298 K from the
following data. The constant-pressure molar heat capacities of ethanol as
liquid and vapour are 111.46 and 65.44 J K–1 mol–1 respectively. The
enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol at its boiling temperature, 352 K, is (12)
38.56 kJ mol–1.
[26]
-----------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
CLASS TEST 2
DATE: 19/04/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00
NUMBER OF PAGES: 7
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B

(LONG QUESTIONS) IN THE SAME ANSWER BOOK
PROVIDED.
FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION

NUMBER AND THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE. FOR
EXAMPLE: 17 = E
FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE

APPROPRIATE UNITS.
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION

ANSWERED IN PENCIL WILL BE MARKED. DO NOT USE
TYPEX. ANY ANSWER THAT IS TYPEXED WILL NOT BE
MARKED.

SECTION A
1. An azeotrope is a mixture where
F. there is a distinguishable phase boundary between the

mixing liquids
G. the compositions of the vapour and liquid are identical
H. the mole fractions of the mixing liquids and resultant solid
are equal
I. the temperature of the solution does not change
J. the mole fractions of solute and solvent are equivalent
2. What phase changes would be observed when a pressure of

7.0 kPa is applied to a sample of water in equilibrium with its
vapour at 25°C, when its vapour pressure is 3.2 kPa?
F. The sample boils

G. The sample condenses entirely to liquid
H. The vapour pressure increases
I. There will be no change in the vapour pressure of the sample
J. The sample vapourises
3. Choose the words that most correctly complete the following

statement:
“An individual process is always non-spontaneous, no matter
what the temperature that the process is maintained at, if the
enthalpy of that process is … and the entropy of that process
is … making its Gibbs free energy …”
K. less than zero, more than zero, less than zero

L. less than zero, less than zero, more than zero
M. more than zero, more than zero, less than zero
N. less than zero, more than zero, more than zero
O. more than zero, less than zero, more than zero
4. Calculate the ionic strength of a solution that is 0.15 mol kg−l in KCl(aq)
and 0.30 mol kg−1 in CuSO4(aq).
A. 0.75
B. 2.55
C. 1.28
D. 0.45
E. 1.35
5. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution

of MgF2 in terms of the activity coefficients of the individual
ions.
       
1/2
A.
       2 
1/2
B.
       2 
13
C.
     2  
1/2
D.
6. A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.33 g of C60 (buck-minsterfullerene) in

100.0 g of toluene (methylbenzene). Given that the vapour pressure of
pure toluene is 5.00 kPa at 30°C, what is the vapour pressure of toluene in
the solution? [Molar mass of C60 =720.6 g/mol; Toluene = C7H8]
A. 1.26 kPa
B. 4.99 kPa
C. 7.87 kPa
D. 0.15 kPa
E. 1.35 kPa
55 kPa.
A. 6.4 10-4
B. 9.8 10-3
C. 4.6 10-4
D. 4.8 10-4
E. 4.8 10-3
8. Calculate the number of grams of sodium metal that will form at the
cathode when a 10.0 A current is passed through molten sodium chloride
for a period of 4.00 hours.
A. 0.572 g
B. 0.854 g
C. 135 g
D. 34.3 g
E. 1.35 g
A. 9.11 L
B. 4.57 L
C. 935 L
D. 11.0 L
E. 22.4 L
10. The addition of 28.0 g of a compound to 750 g of tetrachloromethane, CCl4,

lowered the freezing point of the solvent by 5.40 K. Calculate the molar
mass of the compound. [kf = 30 K kg/mol]
A. 159 g/mol
B. 250 g/mol
C. 180 g/mol
D. 207 g/mol
[10 x 3 = 30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 1
1.1 The dashed and solid line in the figure below represent the observed
vapour pressure and expected Raoult’s law vapour pressure and for a
mixture of substances A and B respectively.
1.1.1 What type of deviation is illustrated above? (2)

1.1.2 Explain in details the reason(s) for this deviation from Raoult’s law (3)
1.2 Assuming the mixture of A and B above is azeotropic at a certain

temperature; sketch a temperature-composition diagram for illustrating this.
1.3 A temperature-mole fraction phase diagram for a mixture of volatile mixture
of A and B is given below.
1.3.1 Which of these sustances has the higher vapour pressure at room
temperature?
1.3.2 At what boiling temperature is the mole fraction of B equals 0.20?
1.3.3 What is the corresponding composition of each component of this mixture

in their vapour phase?
at the liquid compcompostion 76 0C, hat is the t a compostion of A:B below

showing the different compositions at both the liquid phase and vapour
phase for these mixturer These two substances forms a mixtures. was
found that the
1.3.1 At a moler In a mixture of X and Y, Y

78.41°C; its KB = 1.22°C/molal. (5)
1.3 A mixture is found to have a
1.2 Sate Henry’s law sho`wing the relevant equation and the meaning of each
1.2.1 What is/are the difference(s) between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law? (2)
1.2.2 At 300 K, the vapour pressure of dilute solutions of HCl in liquid GeCl4 are
as follows:
x (HCl) 0.005 0.012 0.019

p/kPa 32.0 76.9 121.8
a) Show that the solution obeys Henry’s law in this range of mole fractions (2)
b) Figure
Calculate the Henry’s law constant 1 K.
at 300 (1)
[26]
QUESTION 1
1.1 The Clapeyron equation is written as:
trs H
p   V
T trsV
1.1.1 What is the purpose of the Clapeyron equation in phase equilibrium

thermodynamics? ()
2.1.2 Using the Clapeyron equation, explain the anomalous behavior (ice-water
boundary) of pure water as shown in its phase diagram. (1)
2.1.3 Why is there a need for the modified form of the Clapeyron equation called
Clausius- Clapeyron equation?
vap H
(ln p)   V TheClaussius  Clapeyron Equation (2)
RT 2
2.1.4 Estimate the boiling point of benzene given that its vapour pressure is 20 kPa
at 35°C and 50.0 kPa at 58.8°C. (2)
QUESTION 2


2.2 Suppose that the solution referred to in question 2.1 is not saturated.

2.2.3 Identify the independent variables. (2)
1.0 atm. (6)
Figure 2

78.41°C; its KB = 1.22°C/molal. (5)
[21]
QUESTION 3

c/mol dm-3 0.00050 0.0010 0.0050 0.010 0.020 0.050

R/ 3314 1669 342.1 174.1 89.08 37.14
[22]
-------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
Formula sheet
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

MODULE CET2AP5
CAMPUS DFC
CLASS TEST 3
DATE: 04/05/2012 SESSION: 14:00 – 16:00
INTERNAL MODERATOR MR P MONAMA
DURATION 100 minutes MARKS 75
NUMBER OF PAGES: 5
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE

APPROPRIATE UNITS.

QUESTION 1
1.1 Use the Debye-Hückel limiting law to calculate the mean activity
coefficient for the ions in an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate,
K2SO4, of molality 0.010 mol kg-1 at 25 °C [Take A = 0.509] (4)
1.2 The pKa of hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is 9.22 at 293 K. Calculate the
conductivity of an aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid, of concentration
0.012 mol dm-3, given that the ionic conductivity of H+ ions is
35 mS m2 mol-1 and of CN- ions is 82 mS m2 mol-1. (6)
1.3 Define Faraday’s first law of electrolysis (2)
1.4 In an electrolytic setup containing cells of CaCl2, and Au(NO3)3 salts

arranged in series, after 1.200 hours, the mass of the cathode in the first
cell increased by 20.00 g.
1.4.1 Calculate the amount of current passing through the electrolytic cell. (2)
1.4.2 Calculate mass of gold deposited at the second cell. (2)
1.4.3 If this electrolytic process took place at standard temperature and
pressure, what volume of oxygen gas will be liberated in the second cell?
[Molar Volume of gasses at STP = 22.4 dm3] (4)
1.5 Determine the oxidation number of ruthenium in an unknown salt if the

electrolysis of a molten sample of this salt for 0.300 hours with a 20.0 A
current deposits 11.3 g of ruthenium metal at the cathode. (3)
[23]
QUESTION 2
2.1 Define the following
2.1.1 Reaction mechanism (2)

2.1.2 Molecularity of a reaction (2)
2.2 Write the three summaries of collision theory (3)
2.3 Using the Lindemann mechanism and steady state approximation, show
that the gas phase unimolecular reaction:
is first order. That is

[You may represent the reactant as A and the product as P] (12)
2.4 The rate constant of a reaction increases by a factor of 1.41 when the
temperature is increased from 20.0 °C to 27.0 °C. What is the activation
energy of the reaction? (3)
[22]
QUESTION 3
3.1 The following experimental data were collected during a study of the
catalytic activity of an intestinal peptidase with the substrate glycylglycine:
Glycylglycine + H2O 

enzyme
 2Glycine
[S] (mM) 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 8.0 16.0

V (μmol/min) 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.45
With the use of a graphical analysis based on the equation:
3.1.1 Show that these data are consistent with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. (5)
3.1.2 Determine the maximum velocity. (2)
3.1.3 Calculate the Michaelis constant, KM, for the reaction (3)
3.2 Catalysts generally alter the rate of chemical reactions by changing the
activation energy. Sketch a fully labelled reaction profile diagram of an
exothermic reaction with and without a catalyst. (5)
[15]
QUESTION 4
4.1 It is well known that classical physics fails to explain some behaviour of
substances at microscopic level and at high speed – the reason for the
quantum theory.
4.1.1 Define the photoelectric effect (2)

4.1.2 Discuss briefly the failures of classical physics and the successes of
quantum theory in explaining the photoelectric effect. Use relevant
diagrams and equations in your discuss. (7)
4.2 For how long must a certain lamp rated at 1 kW operate to generate
1.50 mol of photons of wavelength 590 nm? Assume all the power is used
to generate those photons. [Hint: P = E/t] (4)
4.3 The work function for metallic cerium is 2.90 eV. Calculate the kinetic
energy and the speed of the electrons ejected by light of wavelength
280 nm. [1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J] (5)
[18]
-----------------------------------END OF QUESTION---------------------------------------
SI Units and Conversions
Unit Symbol SI units

Newton N kg.m.s–2
Pascal Pa kg.m–1.s–2 or N.m–2
Joule J kg.m2.s–2 or N.m or AVs
Watt W kg.m2.s–3 or J.s-–1
Coulomb C A.s
Volt V kg.m2.s–3.A–1 or J.C–1
Ohm  kg.m2.s–3.A–2 or v.A–1
Amp A 1Cs–1
Pressure Units and conversion factors
Pa 1 Pa = 1 N.m–2
Bar 1 bar = 105 Pa
Atmosphere 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
Torr 760 Torr = 1 atm
760 Torr = 760 mmHg = 101.325
kPa
General data and Fundamental Constants
Speed of light c 2.997 924 58 x108 m.s–1

Elementary charge e 1.602177 x 10–19 C
Faraday constant F 9.6485 x 104 C.mol–1
Mass of electron me 9.109 x 10–31 kg
Boltzman constant K 1.38066 x 10–23 J.K–1
Gas constant R 8.314 51 J.K–1.mol–1
8.314 51 x 10–2 L.bar.K–1.mol–1
8.205 78 x 10–2 L.atm.K–1.mol–1
62.364 L.Torr.K–1.mol–1
Planck constant h 6.626 08 x 10–34 J.s
Avogadro constant NA 6.022169 x 1023 mol–1
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 / CET2AP5 FIRST SEMESTER 2011 - 45 -
1 2
H Atomic Number 2 He
1.0079 He 4.0026
3 4 4.0026 Atomic Weight 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.0122 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.179
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.990 24.305 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.064 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.88 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.847 58.933 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.29
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.2 190.2 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89
Fr Ra Ac
(223) 226.03 227.03
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 146.92 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 237.05 (244) (234) (247) 247 (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

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FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

DATE: 25/03/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00

INTERNAL MODERATOR MR PP MONAMA

DURATION 100 MINUTES MARKS 100

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B (LONG

FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION NUMBER AND

FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE CORRECT

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION ANSWERED IN

REQUIREMENTS: ANSWER SCRIPT

A. chemical, irreversible, non-state

4. The work required to raise 10.0 g of liquid water (corresponding to a

A. there are more hydrogen bonds in gaseous ammonia than in liquid

6. 53.998 g of water was electrically heated to cause a temperature change of

7. Given the following information:

Substance: Molar entropy/J mol–1 K–1

10. Calculate for the reaction below:

( ) ( ) ( ) (at 298.15 K and 1 Bar)

1.1 Define the following:

2.2 (a) The combustion of 0.0222 g of isooctane vapor, C8H18(g), at constant

C8H18(g) 12½ O2(g) → 8CO2(g) 9H2O(l) (6)

Is the reaction spontaneous? Explain. (5)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

DATE: 19/04/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00

INTERNAL MODERATOR MR PP MONAMA

DURATION 100 MINUTES MARKS 100

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B

FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION

FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION

REQUIREMENTS: ANSWER SCRIPT

1. An azeotrope is a mixture where

A. there is a distinguishable phase boundary between the

2. What phase changes would be observed when a pressure of

A. The sample boils

3. Choose the words that most correctly complete the following

A. less than zero, more than zero, less than zero

5. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution

6. A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.33 g of C60 (buck-minsterfullerene) in

10. The addition of 28.0 g of a compound to 750 g of tetrachloromethane, CCl4,

1.1.1 Write two limitations of Raoult’s law (4)

x (HCl) 0.005 0.012 0.019

2.1 A saturated solution of Na2SO4, with excess of the solid, is present at

2.1.1 How many phases and components are present? (2)

2.2.1 How many phases and components are present? (2)

2.4 Either camphor (C10H16O, molecular weight = 152 g/mol) or naphthalene

The resistances of a series of aqueous NaCl solutions, formed by

c/mol dm-3 0.00050 0.0010 0.0050 0.010 0.020 0.050

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

JUNE EXAMINATION (MAIN)

DATE: 25/03/2011 SESSION: 12:00 – 14:00

EXTERNAL MODERATOR PROF D LEVENDIS

DURATION 3 HOURS MARKS 150

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE) AND SECTION B (LONG

FOR SECTION A, CLEARLY INDICATE THE QUESTION NUMBER AND

FOR SECTION B, GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE CORRECT

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PEN. NO QUESTION ANSWERED IN

REQUIREMENTS: ANSWER SCRIPT, GRAPH PAPER

A. there are more hydrogen bonds in gaseous ammonia than in liquid

4. 53.998 g of water was electrically heated to cause a temperature change of

5. Express the mean activity coefficient of the ions in a solution of MgF2 in

7. Which of the wavelengths below would not be able to cause electrons to

8. Calculate for the reaction below: