12.

The action potential lasts milliseconds whereas, the contraction of a muscle

fiber may last for milliseconds as ions have been released and the active
transport of them back into the extracellular fluid takes time.
13. Excitation-Coupling: action potential moves along the and down
the tubules. The terminal cisternae release into the sarcoplasm. Some of
the ions bind to the which changes shape and removes
blocking action of exposes active binding sites on
_
14. The heads attach to the binding sites on and pull the
actin towards the center of the . The sarcomere
is the basic unit of contraction.
15. Ca++ release ends.and then Ca++ levels as the ATP pump actively moves
back into the to be stored again.
16. A single cycle of power and strokes by all the heads
in a muscle fiber would only shorten the fiber by about %. A fiber may actually
shorten by % of its length so the cycle has to be repeated many times by each _
17. Rigor mortis: dying cells are unable to pump away the excess _
18. 3 phases of a twitch: describe them and know the diagram.
19. Explain wave summation. Explain tetanus. Know the diagrams.
20. Critical thinking p. 320 numbers 2, 3, 4

Practice exam questions for muscles

1.
The frontalis muscle attaches to the a. galea aponeurosis b. palmar aponeurosis
2.
One motor neuron to all the muscle fibers it innervates is a motor unit. a. true b. false
3.
A motor unit with one motor neuron to 3 muscle fibers is for a. power b. precision
4.
The origin of the muscle is a. more proximal b. mobile
5.
The covering around one muscle cell is the a. sarcoplasm b. sarcomere c. sarcolemma
6.
The contractile unit of a muscle is the a. sarcoplasm b. sarcomere c. sarcolemma
7.
The distance between 2 Z bands is a a. sarcoplasm b. sarcomere c. sarcolemma
8.
The covering around one muscle cell is a. endomysium b. epimysium c. perimysium
9.
Skeletal muscle cells are a. uninucleate b. anucleate c. multinucleated
10.
Muscles are a. avascular b. vascular
11.
Myoglobin stores a. oxygen b. c. glycogen
glucose
12. Endurance muscles contain _ myoglobin. a. more b. less
13. Fast twitch muscles are a. red b. white
14. Curare causes muscle to _ as it blocks acetylcholine receptors. a. be paralysed b. go into spasm
15. The neurotransmitter at a neuromuscular junction is a. acetylcholine b. adrenaline
16. _ makes up the thin myofilaments. a. myosin b. actin
17. has two heads. a. troponin b. tropomyosin c. actin d. myosin
18. attaches to calcium a. troponin b. tropomyosin c. actin d. myosin
19. The active binding sites are on a. troponin b. tropomyosin c. d. myosin
actin
20. Terminal cisternae store a. Na+ b. Ca++ c. K+
21. Excitation is when action potential in a leads to action potential in a muscle.
a. blood vessel b. muscle c. nerve
22. A single cycle of power and recovery strokes by all the myosin heads in a muscle fiber would shorten the
fiber by about a. I% b. 10% c. 30%
23. when aerobic respiration stops as with death, the myosin heads do
not
24. The first phase of a twitch is the _ period. a. contraction 70
25. With wave summation, the second stimulus causes a response.
26. Which takes longer? a. eye twitch b. gastrocnemius twitch

La 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.b 8.a 9.c

10.b 11.a 12.a 13.b 14.a 15.a 16.b .d 18.a
19.c 20.b 21.c 22.a 23.b 24.c 25.a .c
 a. attach b. detach
b. relaxation c. latent
a. greater b. lesser
c. soleus twitch