Courseware Design: Matter and its Three States

Version Author Contents Start Date

1.0 Karine Eng Matter and its three 27 Nov 2017

states

Overview

Subjec
Grade Theme Chapter Name Topic
t
Matter and its three
Science 3 & 4 Cycles Matter
states

Key learning points

Essential learning points Specific learning outcomes
· Understand the basic structure of · Show curiosity in exploring matter in
all matter in the form of atoms the surroundings
· Differentiate between atom and
molecule · Understanding the concept of
· State that matter is anything that particle arrangement that lead to the
has mass and occupies space properties of each states of matter
· Identify the 3 states of matter,
solid, liquid and gas
· Differentiate between the 3 states
of matter in the way the particles
are arranged and their behaviour
· Identify the properties of the 3
states of matter
 Act 1. Introducing atom, the tiny particle which makes up
of all matter

Act 1 A talking atom introduces himself and explains what he is made up

of. He goes on to explain the structure of a water molecule.
The figure of atom should appear every now and then as he is the main
character in this video. His facial expression should change too,
according to the content.

See video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1RMV5qhwyE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7L8hzDtrCI

http://youtu.be/DAilC0sjvy0

Act 1: Voice over script

(Scene 1: The main character of this video is the talking atom and he introduces himself and
what he is made up of (Atom 1). He goes on to explain the structure of a water molecule.
** Note: Please create your own version of atom to avoid infringement of copyright, like
changing the colour or facial expression.

** Make this talking atom come alive with facial expression and movement.
The electrons around it should be constantly whizzing around the nucleus as it
talks Please watch video below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1RMV5qhwyE 0:15 to 0:34)

● Hi everyone! My name is Atom. Can you see me? I know you can
but I am just an imaginary picture on the screen. Real atom is too
tiny to be seen, you can only see me under a special microscope
called the electron microscope.
 Atom 1

An electron microscope

● Do you know that atoms make up everything around us, either

living or non-living? You, me, the desk, a raindrop even the air are
made up of atoms.

(Scene 2: Atom 1 pops up to talk about the next scene. Video shows the structure of an
atom and the different parts that make up an atom (Can choose to show either Atom 2
(simpler structure) or Atom 3 (that indicates the charges clearly).

** Again make the electrons come alive by whizzing around the neutrons and protons.
See video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1RMV5qhwyE
2:50 to 3:46)

● Umm… so now I will show the different parts of my body…(lets out

an embarrassed laugh)
● For a long time, scientists believed that atoms were the smallest
particles of matter, now we know that it is made up of even smaller
particles called the protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons
and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom. Each of these
parts has an associated charge, with protons carrying a positive
charge, electrons having a negative charge, and neutrons
possessing no net charge.
● That makes atoms electrically neutral if they have an equal number of
protons and electrons.
 Atom 1

Atom 2 Atom 3

(Scene 3: Video should show 2 H atoms sticking to 1 O atom to create the model of a
3D model of water molecule in VR mode (water molecule).
See videos below for building scenarios:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7L8hzDtrCI
and
http://youtu.be/DAilC0sjvy0 0:17 to 0:34
The main character Atom 1 pops up every now and then when it is explaining the
structure of a water molecule).

● When 2 or more atoms are joined together, they form a molecule.

● Take for example, water molecule is made up of two hydrogen
atoms and 1 oxygen atom held together by strong forces called
chemical bonds, to form H2O. Water will always have 2 times the
number of hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.
 Mickey mouse face

(Compare it with a mickey mouse face)

● Remember the face of a mickey mouse, that’s what the structure of
a water molecule looks like!

Act 2. Differentiate between the 3 states of matter

The second part of the video is to introduce matter. To differentiate between

the 3 states of matter, solid, liquid and gas, we have to first understand how
the particles arrangement affects the properties of matter.
Design a visually realistic 3D environment of a solid where the particles are
arranged closely packed together. Atom 1 is in each and every one of them.
He takes turn to comment on the arrangement of the particles in solid, then
liquid and lastly gas.
Showing of appropriate facial expression is important here to add realistic
effect to the video, e.g. he looks uncomfortable being squashed (in solid),
he looks more relax when he has more space to move (in liquid) and he
looks free and happy when loosely packed (in gases).

See video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wclY8F-UoTE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwGim-eceS8
Act 2: Voice over script

(Scene 1: Atom 1 pops up to talk. He shows 3 pictures of water, air and rock while explaining
what matter is.
See video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wclY8F-UoTE 0:07 to 0:49

● Do you know what water, air and rocks have in common? They are
made up of matter. Matter is something that takes up space and
have mass. Everything around us, whether is it solid, liquid or gas,
is made up of matter.

● Earlier we also mentioned that everything around us is made up of

atoms, so do you see now that in fact, matter is made up of atoms!
The arrangement of atoms determines whether the substance is a
solid, liquid or gas.

(Scene 2: The main character Atom 1 enters a 3D environment of a salt crystal and started
to comment on how closely packed and rigid the place is and that he has no space at all to
move around. Refer to video for the arrangement of the particles but in more VR mode.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwGim-eceS8
Note that showing of appropriate facial expression is important here to add realistic effect
to the video, e.g. being squashed he looks uncomfortable.)
 ● I am now entering a salt crystal, which is a solid particle.
● Oh gosh! It’s so closely packed in here, I’m held in a fixed
arrangement and can hardly move! It’s so rigid it cannot change
shape and cannot be compressed unless you use enough force.
Because it’s so rigid, it has a fixed volume.
● I better get out of here before I get all squashed up.

Particle arrangement of sodium chloride (table salt)

(Scene 3: The main character Atom 1 enters glass pf lemonade and starts to comment on
the arrangement, being closely packed but not as pack as a solid. It has space to move
around and can change shape but not able to change volume or being compressed.
Note that showing of appropriate facial expression is important here to add realistic effect
to the video , e.g. more space to move now and he looks more relax.)

● I am now in a liquid, it’s lemonade to be precise. Yum…

● It’s still closely packed but not as packed as in solid. Phew! I am at
least able to move around and slide pass each other. This makes
liquid being able to change shape easily and takes the shape of
the container he is poured. However, it is not spacious enough to
be compressed.
● I’m getting out of here, just give me more space!
 Particle arrangement of liquid

(Scene 4: The main character Atom 1 enters a helium balloon and starts to comment on
the arrangement being far apart, as a result, gases are not rigid and packed but not as pack
as a solid. It has lots of space to move around and can be squashed or compressed. They
do not have a fixed shape nor fixed volume. They fill the whole space they are in.

● I am now in a helium balloon!

● Oh boy, I really love it here! We are far apart from each other and
we can move about freely and randomly! Yippee!
● Furthermore, there’s so much space I can easily compress the air
in here to change it’s shape and volume.

Particle arrangement of gas

Act 3 . Activities on the arrangement of particles

The third part of the video is an activity to reinforce what the students have
learnt on the arrangement of the particles in matter.
Students will be able to click and drag the particles into the box to
arrange them in the correct manner in VR mode.
 (There are 9 particles on the left and they are vibrating constantly. The user
will be able to click and release into the box on the right, starting with
“Solid”. When he has done, he clicks on the “Done” button that will bring
him to the Liquid” box. The process repeats for “Gas”, after which the
activity ends. The teacher will go through the correct answer in class).

● It’s activity time!

● Now it’s your turn to arrange the particles into the box to show how
they are arranged in solid, liquid or gas.
● Click and drag the particles into the box on the right to arrange
them in the correct manner. You are given a maximum of 9
particles to fill into each container.
● Note that you do not have to use all the 9 particles for gas.

DONE
Solid

DONE Liquid
 Gas
DONE

-------------------------------- The video ends here -------------------------------

Worksheet

Matter and its three states

Name: Date:

Class: Score: / 20

Read the questions carefully and circle the correct answer. (3m)

1. What are the basic building blocks of matter?

a. Particles
b. Atoms
c. Compounds

2. What is the common property of solid, liquid and gas?

a. They are all living things.
b. They have definite shape.
 c. They have the same mass.

3. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid and gas at different ______________.

a. heights
b. temperatures
c. pressures

solids melting container matter soup volume

gases mass table atoms nitrogen helium
liquids shape ice space milk

Fill in the blanks about some information about matter. (17m)

The three basic properties of matter are ______________________________,

______________________________, and _____________________________.
2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called _____________________________.
3. Volume is the amount of ____________________________ that matter takes up.
4. Mass is the amount of _____________________________ an object has.
5. Liquids take the shape of their _____________________________.
6. _____________________________ do not have a definite shape or volume.
7. ___________________________ do not have a definite shape, but they do have
a definite volume.
8. _____________________________ have a definite shape and volume.
9. A ___________________________ and ___________________________ are
examples of solids.
10. ___________________________ and ___________________________ are
examples of liquids.
11. ___________________________ and ___________________________ are
examples of gas.
12. Solid ice is ___________________________ when it is changing into a liquid.

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Worksheet Answer

Matter and its three states

Name: Date:

Class: Score: / 20

Read the questions carefully and circle the correct answer. (3m)

4. What are the basic building blocks of matter?

a. Particles
b. Atoms✔
c. Compounds

5. What is the common property of solid, liquid and gas?

a. They are all living things.
b. They have definite shape.
c. They have the same mass.✔

6. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid and gas at different ______________.

d. heights
e. temperatures✔
f. pressures
 solids melting container matter soup volume
gases mass table atoms nitrogen helium
liquids shape ice space milk

Fill in the blanks about some information about matter. (17m)

7. The three basic properties of matter are

____mass____________________,
____shape_________________, and ______volume_______________.
8. All matter is made up of tiny particles called
________atoms______________.
9. Volume is the amount of _________space____________________ that
matter takes up.
10. Mass is the amount of _________matter____________________ an
object has.
11. Liquids take the shape of their
________container_____________________.
12. ________Gases_____________________ do not have a definite shape
or volume.
13. _______Liquids____________________ do not have a definite shape, but
they do have a definite volume.
14. ______Solids___________________ have a definite shape and volume.
15. _____Ice_______________ and ____table_________________ are
examples of solids.
16. _____Soup______________________ and
_____milk______________________ are examples of liquids.
17. ______Nitrogen_______________ and ______helium_______________
are examples of gas.
18. Solid ice is _______melting__________ when it is changing into a liquid.

******************************* THE END *********************************