REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Traffic simulation is a widely used method in the research of traffic modeling, planning,
and development of traffic networks and systems. According to Liu and Lu (2013), Traffic
simulation models could reflect real-world situations such as delays, journey times, queues,
and flows. This technology is becoming a more essential tool for analyzing and managing
transportation systems. Traffic simulators allow for the analysis of an entire road system as
well as the comparison of various traffic management options to estimate the many scenarios
that may occur in a particular network. The majority of traffic simulation software has a goal,
which is to assist engineers in simulating a traffic network they are going to develop or
modify. When utilizing their full versions, each of the software applications reviewed will
perform this task for the user and give important information, statistics, and a preview of the
traffic system, whether it is already in place or is still in the design stages (Kotusevski and
Hawick, 2009). Because studying traffic in the actual world is impractical and cannot be
handled by standard analytical techniques due to its complexity, it is more typical to
experiment with traffic networks in a computer-simulated environment (Barceló, 2010).
Several models and simulation tools have been created in the literature to explain and model
these events for a variety of purposes.
Traffic simulation models are often classified concerning the level of modeling detail.
Macroscopic, microscopic, and mesoscopic models are the commonly used classifications.
To explain traffic and its principles, macroscopic simulation models employ terms like
average speed, flow, and density. Macroscopic models are used to represent huge networks
and are used to define the general behavior of traffic on a reasonably large scale (Costeseque,
2013). The investigation of traffic operations across vast urban areas and motorway networks
is a popular use of macroscopic simulation models. The Cell Transmission Model (Daganzo,
1994, 1995) and METANET are some examples of macroscopic traffic simulation models
(Messmer and Papageorgiou, 1990). The microscopic model includes individual driver and
vehicle units in the traffic flows and represents traffic vehicle by vehicle. The parameters
involved in this technique include the speed, distance, or density of each vehicle (Tapani,
2008). Quality-of-service analyses of specific sites in urban street or highway networks are
the most prevalent use of traffic micro-simulation. MITSIM (Yang, 1997), VISSIM (PTV,
2008), AIMSUN (TSS, 2008), and Paramics (Quadstone Paramics, 2008) are examples of
micro-simulation models for urban and motorway environments, respectively, and TRARR
(Hoban et al., 1991), TWOPAS (McLean, 1989), and VTISim (Brodin and Carlsson, 1986)
for rural road environments. The mesoscopic model is the third categorization of traffic
simulation models. These models have a degree of detail that is halfway between the low
detail of macroscopic models and the great detail of microscopic models. Mesoscopic
modeling methodologies allow for more accurate simulation of bigger networks than
microscopic models. CONTRAM (Taylor, 2003), DYNAMEQ (Florian et al., 2006), and
MEZZO are some examples of mesoscopic traffic simulation models (Burghout, 2004).
Microscopic models and simulation tools, on the other hand, are superior to Macroscopic
models and simulation tools because they anticipate traffic in more detail. Mesoscopic
models, on the other hand, are typically difficult to discretize and are hence rarely used in
simulation tools (F. Wageningen-Kessels, S. Hoogendoorn, et.al). VISSIM is the most
advanced and frequently used microscopic traffic simulation program, according to
Chunying (2005), and it is being progressively developed today as a potential answer to
traffic problems. It is widely used software in practice for a variety of road traffic control
problems since it is based on psycho-physical driving algorithms and can more precisely
represent the reality of the situation. VISSIM was chosen because of its ability to depict
complicated traffic situations. The study used VISSIM to create a traffic model that
replicated and analyzed the study area's road network. In the research region, traffic counts
were taken during peak hours, and the data was utilized to calibrate and validate the model
(N.S. Abao & M. Andres, 2014). In the VISSIM model, Muhammad and Robert (2009)
present a way for integrating pedestrians. They first identify pedestrians as vehicles, then
calibrate different parameters in VISSIM to match pedestrian behavior to pedestrian speed-
flow models. Their study illustrates the capability of simulating vehicle-pedestrian
interactions in a realistic way using a real traffic network with high pedestrian traffic
crossings area.
Traffic simulation is a common tool for studying traffic modeling, planning, and
developing traffic networks and systems. This technology is becoming an increasingly
significant instrument for the analysis and management of transportation systems. Engineers
have discovered that traffic simulation software is very beneficial in modeling a traffic
network that they want to create. The researchers chose to perform the analysis using the
program VISSIM because it covers traffic congestion in a certain way, according to the
researchers. The researchers can include pedestrians in the model using this software since
there are several pedestrians in the WCIP, Sez, Buanoy, Balamban, Cebu area, which
contributes to traffic congestion during peak hours.
REFERENCES:
 Cui-Juan Liu, Zhen Liu, Yan-Jie Chai, Ting-ting Liu, "Review of Virtual Traffic
Simulation and Its Applications", Journal of Advanced Transportation, Article ID
8237649,2020.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342333773_Review_of_Virtual_Traffic_Si
mulation_and_Its_Applications

 G. Kotusevski and K. A. Hawick, “A Review of Traffic Simulation Software,” 2009.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228966705_A_Review_of_Traffic_Simulati
on_Software

 G. Costeseque, “ Modeling and simulation in the context of road traffic. In Model &
simulate. Epistemology and practices of modeling and simulation, tom 1, 2013.
 A. Tapani, “Traffic Simulation Modelling of Rural Roads and Driver Assistance
Systems “, Link¨oping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, No. 1211,
2008

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A63&dswid=6083

 J. Barceló, Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation. Springer Science & Business Media,

2011.
 Imane MOUFAD, Nassima Laaraj, “The dynamic simulation of the urban traffic: A
literature review”
http://www.ieomsociety.org/paris2018/papers/213.pdf
 M. Shah, S. Rathore, P. Ingle, C. Londhekar, “Application of Vissim Software for
Traffic Simulation: Literature Review”, International Journal for Scientific Research
& Development| Vol. 5, Issue 04, 2017.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Application-of-Vissim-Software-for-Traffic-
%3A-Review-Shah-SonuRathore/c85feefadee0486b3ac4b7e19f0e83787bb438c3
 “Micro-simulation modeling for traffic safety: A review and potential application to
the heterogeneous traffic environment
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111217302133
 F. Wageningen-Kessels, S. Hoogendoorn, K. Vuik, and H. Lint, “Traffic Flow
Modeling Genealogy”, Transportation Research Circular, 2015.
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec195.pdf
 Gai Chunying,” Microscopic Simulation System VISSIM and its Application to Road
and Transportation”, Highway No. 8, Aug. 2005, pp.118-121
 Qin Yaqin and Xiong Jian, “ Traffic Evaluation of Urban Road Net-Based on the
Software VISSIM 3.70.”, Journal of Kunming University of Science and
Technology. Vol.31, No.6, Dec. 2006, https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Traffic
%20Evaluation%20of%20Urban%20Road%20NetBased%20on%20the%20Software
%20VISSIM%203.70
 Nonalu Sherida A. Abao, M. Andres, “ Traffic Impact Analysis of UPD College of
Science and College of Engineering Complexes Using Microsimulation”,
Engineering, 2014
http://ncts.upd.edu.ph/main/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2014teg-abao-andres.pdf
 Muhammad Moazzam Ishaque and Robert B. Noland, “ Pedestrian and Vehicle Flow
Calibration in Multi-modal Traffic Microsimulation”, Journal of Transportation
Engineering, 2009
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239391434_Pedestrian_and_Vehicle_Flow_
Calibration_in_Multimodal_Traffic_Microsimulation