Oral Communication

in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Models of Communication
Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Models of Communication
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Schools Division Office Quezon City

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Schools Division Superintendent Jenilyn Rose B. Corpuz
Honorable Mayor Josefina Belmonte Alimurong

Development Team of the Module

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Editor: ROSEO T. CABURIAN, JR.
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Oral Communication in
Context
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Models of Communication
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Module 2 of the Oral Communication in Context for Grade

11Supplementary Learning Materials for the First Quarter, which focuses on the
Models of Communication.

This module is constructed to ensure learning continuity under the new

‗normal‘ in education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It is designed to foster the five
macro-skills in English—reading, writing, speaking, listening, and viewing through
activities that were carefully developed to ensure that learners are properly assisted
towards achieving the best learning outcomes.

As the learning facilitator, you are requested to orient your students on the
proper use of this module and assist para-teachers – parents, elder siblings, and other
significant adults – to understand their potent role in optimizing this learning material
towards developing mutual responsibility for children‘s success under the distant
learning set up.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

Finally, please do not forget to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.

For the learner:

Welcome to Module 2 of the Oral Communication in Context for Grade
11Supplementary Learning Materials for the First Quarter. This material will help
you learn the models of communication.

This module is designed to help you continue learning English at home. It

provides you with meaningful and engaging learning experiences that will help you
enhance your skills in reading, writing, listening, speaking, and viewing.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you are
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

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 The following are the standard symbols (icons) used to represent specific parts
of the module:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity that will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill in real-life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends the
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don‘t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Functions, Nature, and Process of Communication. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module covers lesson 2

● Lesson 2 – Models of Communication

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate the various models of communication;
2. identify the models of communication; and
3. explain the process in each model of communication.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Known as the mother of all communication models
A. Shannon-Weaver C. Schramm
B. Transactional D. International
2. Linear communication is ________________________
A. Two-way process of communication
B. Three-way process of communication
C. One-way process of communication
D. Four-way process of communication
3. The producer of message
A. Transmitter B. source C. receiver D. channel
4. The encoder of message into signals
A. Transmitter B. source C. receiver D. channel
5. The signals adapted for transmission
A. Transmitter B. source C. receiver D. channel
6. The decoder of message from the signal
A. Transmitter B. source C. receiver D. channel

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 7. The last element in Shannon-Weaver is ___________
A. Destination B. receiver C. channel D. Source
8. Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver
________________ the message or not.
A. Receives B. controls C. sends D. understands
9. Shannon-Weaver model misses one essential element in the communication
process: It is _____________________
A. channel B. feedback C. sender D. context
10. It is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
A. Shannon-Weaver B. Transactional C. Schramm D. International
11. It is a collaborative exchange of messages between communicators with the
aim of understanding each other
A. Shannon-Weaver B. Transactional C. Schramm D. International
12.He proposed a transactional model of communication in 1970
A. Claude Shannon C. Warren Weaver
B. Dean C. Barnlund D. Wilbur Schramm
13.It is the process of continuous change and transformation where every
component is changing such as the people, their environments and the
medium used.
A. Shannon-Weaver C. Schramm
B. Transactional D. International
14.He started the doctoral program in mass communication at the University of
Iowa, helping develop mass communication (television, print news, and
other ways to communicate) as a university discipline.
A. Claude Shannon C. Warren Weaver
B. Dean C. Barnlund D. Wilbur Schramm

15. It is a modified version of the Shannon-Weaver Model

A. Linear C. Schramm
B. Transactional D. International

Lesson

2 Models of Communication
In the previous lesson, we have learned about the functions, nature, and
process of communication. It is essential for us to know that communication is a
process wherein people are exchanging messages with each other. We have known
as well the process of communication by understanding the given situations we
have read on the previous module and learned the different functions of
communication that include control, motivation, social interaction, emotional
expression and information dissemination.

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 What’s In

Direction: Check the column that identifies the words, phrases, or sentences
below.

Nature Elements Functions

1. Sender
2. Communication is a process
3. Control
4. Motivation
5. Information Dissemination
6. Channel
7. Encoding
8. Communication occurs between two or
more people.
9. Social Interaction
10. Feedback

Notes to the Teacher / Parent

Do not write anything on the module.
Put your answer on a separate clean sheet of
paper.
Make sure that the learner has finished the
section What’s In before proceeding to the next
part.

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 What’s New

Picture A Picture B

Image Source (Picture A) : https://www.newalbanyschools.us/impacto-students-learn-about-careers-in-law-

enforcement

Image Source (Picture B): https://www.pikist.com/free-photo-ibhlb

Let usthink!
1. What have you noticed in both pictures?
2. Do the pictures have similarities? Differences?
3. What does picture A tell us? What does picture B tell us?
4. What do the pictures above say about communication?

What is It

Models of Communication
1. Shannon-Weaver Model if Communication (1949)
Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-Weaver
model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter
(encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for
transmission); a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a
destination. This model, however, has been criticized for missing one
essential element in the communication process: feedback. Without
feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver understands the
message or not.

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 Example:
A businessperson sends a message via phone text to his worker about a
meeting happening about their brand promotion. The worker does not
receive the full message because of noise. It goes like this:Businessman: We
have a meeting at the office (―at 8 am‖ goes missing due to phone network
disruption or noise)Worker is the destination. Guess what happened next.

Meet the Model Makers

In the late 1940s, engineer and mathematician Claude Shannon, who

worked for the Bell Telephone Company, and scientist Warren Weaver
created what they called ''A Mathematical Theory of Communication'' in an
effort to help engineers more efficiently perform their jobs. The model was
later nicknamed the Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication after the
two men who invented it. Today, it is called by some ''The Mother of All
Models,'' having become the most popular method of communicating.

Figure 1. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication

Image Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shannon_communication_system.svg

2. Transactional Model of Communication

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transactional Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as
one element. As shown in Figure 2, this model is more interactive. There is a
collaborative exchange of messages between communicators with the aim of
understanding each other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may
interfere with the flow of communication.

Transactional model is the process of continuous change and

transformation where every component is changing such as the people, their
environments and the medium used. Due to this, it assumes the
communicators to be independent and act any way they want. Since both
sender and receiver are necessary to keep the communication alive in

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 transactional model, the communicators are also interdependent to each
other.

Example:

While a teacher is discussing his lesson in front of the class, one of the
students asks a question to the teacher and the teacher answers the
student.

*Remember: Transactional communication is not possible if the receiver is

not listening to the sender.

Meet the Model Maker

Dean C. Barnlund proposed a transactional model of communication in

1970 for basic interpersonal communication which articulates that sending
and receiving of messages happens simultaneously between people which is
popularly known as Barlund‘s Transactional Model of Communication. The
model has been further adapted and reformed by other theorists as General
Transactional Model. The model shifted from the trend of linear
model to dynamic and two way communication model.

Figure 2. Transactional Model of Communication

Image Source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Learn12.gif

3. Schramm Model of Communication

Schramm (1954) modified the Shannon-Weaver Model. What has Schramm
added to the Shannon-Weaver Model? Is the new model more
comprehensive? Why do you think so? How is it different from or similar to
the Transaction Model?
Feedback is added in this model of communication.

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 Example:
A professor of calculus would have very little luck communicating important
math principles to a classroom of kindergarten students, because they do
not share a field of experience that makes the message easy to understand.

Meet the Model Maker

Wilbur Schramm, who talked about the model in his book, The Process and
Effects of Communication, adapted the model and added the notion of field
of experience, or commonality, to the mix. Field of experience incorporates
what is mutually understood between the sender and receiver. For his
part, Schramm is considered one of the pioneers of the mass
communications field. He started the doctoral program in mass
communication at the University of Iowa, helping develop mass
communication (television, print news, and other ways to communicate) as a
university discipline.

Figure 3. Schramm Model of Communication

Image source: Sipacio, Philippe, John Fresnillo, and Anne Richie Balgos. 2016.
Oral Communication in Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E.

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 What’s More

Activity 1 Direction: Analyze the figures below and write the name
of models of communication on the space provided after the
number.

Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linear2.png

Image Source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interactive.png

Image Source: https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paypay:Communication_shannon-weaver2.svg

Activity 2
Direction: Which model of communication is being described? Write your answer on
the space provided before the number.

____________________ 1. It is a modified version of the Shannon-Weaver Model.

_____________________ 2. It represents communication as a linear or one-way
process.
____________________ 3. There is a collaborative exchange of messages between
communicators with the aim of understanding each other in this model.

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks to complete the ideas.

1. ___________________ is known as the mother of all communication models.

Shannon-Weaver is a one-way process consisting of five elements:

2. A _______________ (producer of message)

3. A _________________ (encoder of message into signals)

4. A _________________ (signals adapted for transmission)

5. A _________________ (decoder of message from the signal)

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. According to the transactional model, people are both sender and receiver at
the same time. Explain it briefly.

2. What do you think will happen if there are no feedbacks from the receiver?

3. Do you know of another instance showing transactional model of

communication? Share.

4. What possible outcome will happen if only the sender will keep sharing
information?

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 What I Can Do

You have learned the various models of communication. Now, it is

time for you to apply what you have learned. Create scenarios on each model.

Models of Communication Scenarios

Shannon-Weaver Model

Transactional Model

Schramm Model

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
Read the statements below and identify the models of communication.
a. Shannon-Weaver
b. Transactional
c. Schramm
_____1. A writer made a call to a reporter about a meeting happening for an
important news coverage at 6pm but during his call, noise took place
(transmission error) and reporter received ‗we have a meeting about…‘ only.
_____2. The receiver may have a method of sending feedback on the message to
confirm that the message has been correctly received and understood.
_____3. Brain might be the sender, mouth is the encoder which encodes to a
particular language, air might be the channel, another person‘s ear might be the
receptor and his brain might be the decoder and receiver.
_____4. The exchange of messages between sender and receiver where each take
turns to send or receive messages.
_____5. It is known as the ―mother of all models‖ because of its wide popularity.
_____6. Both sender and receiver are known as communicators and their role
reverses each time in the communication process as both processes of sending
and receiving occurs at the same time.
_____7. This model‘s primary value is in explaining how messages are lost and
distorted in the process of communication.
_____8. Feedback is added in this model of communication.
_____9. It is a linear model of communication that provides a framework for
analyzing how messages are sent and received.
_____10. It is the most general model of communication.
_____11.It was first proposed in the 1948 article ―A Mathematical Theory of
Communication‖ in the Bell System Technical Journal.
_____12. It was proposed by Mr. Wilbur in 1954.
_____13.It is daily talk and interaction model of communication.
_____14.It is a modified version of the Shannon-Weaver Model.
_____15. It relates communication to social reality of an individual or a group of
people in social, cultural and relational contexts.

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 Additional Activities

Stay at home activity: Watch different television programs and identify what model
of communication is being used. List down at least 5 television programs.
Example: T.V Program: Eat Bulaga ( Pinoy Henyo )
Model of Communication: Transactional Model
T.V Program Model of Communication

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 19
What I Know What's More Assessment
A Activity 1 A
C C
B Transaction A
A al B
D Schramm A
C Shannon- B
A Weaver A
D Activity 2 C
B A
B 1. Schramm B
B A
B 2. Shannon-Weaver C
B 3. Transactional B
D C
C B
Answer Key
References

Sipacio, Philippe, John Fresnillo, and Anne Richie Balgos. 2016. Oral
Communication in Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E.
n.d. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/shannon-and-weaver-model-
communication.
n.d. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/transactional-model-
communication.
n.d. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/barnlund-transactional-
model-communication.
n.d. https://study.com/academy/lesson/osgood-schramm-model-of-
communication-definition-application.html.
n.d. https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-the-Shannon-and-
Weaver-model-of-communication.
Images:
n.d. https://www.newalbanyschools.us/impacto-students-learn-about-careers-in-
law-enforcement.
n.d. https://www.newalbanyschools.us/impacto-students-learn-about-careers-in-
law-enforcement.
n.d. https://www.pikist.com/free-photo-ibhlb.
n.d.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shannon_communication_syste
m.svg.
n.d. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linear2.png.
n.d. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interactive.png.
n.d. https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paypay:Communication_shannon-
weaver2.svg.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office-Quezon City

Email Address: sdoqcactioncenter@gmail.com

Telephone No.8352-6806/6809; Telefax-3456-0343.