TRIANGLES AND

POLYGONS
Chapter 8
Contents
✘ TRIANGLES
1. Classification of Triangles
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem
3. Angle Sum of Triangle
4. Interior and Exterior of a Triangle
✘ QUADRILATERALS
1. Types of Quadrilateral
2. Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
✘ POLYGONS
1. Introduction
2. Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon
3. Sum of Exterior Angles of a Polygon
TRIANGLES
 Classification Of Triangles
✘ According to the number of equal sides in the triangle:

SCALENE TRIANGLE EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

All three sides have ISOSCELES TRIANGLE All sides have the
different lengths. Two equal sides. same lengths.
 Classification Of Triangles
✘ According to the types of angles of the triangle:

ACUTE-ANGLED TRIANGLE RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE OBTUSE-ANGLED TRIANGLE

All the interior One of the interior One of the interior

angles are acute angles is right angle. angles is obtuse
angles. angle.
 Classification Of Triangles
✘ According to the types of angles and sides of the triangle:

One of the interior

angles is obtuse One of the interior
angle and all sides angles is right angle
have different and two equal sides.
lenghts.
 Triangle Inequality Theorem
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the
third side.

Example :
Determine if it is possible to draw a triangle with side measures 12, 11, and 17.

Therefore a triangle can be drawn.

 Angle Sum of Triangle
The three angles in any triangle always add up to make a
total of 180°.
Angle Sum of Triangle
63 + 63 + 𝑥 = 180
𝑥
126 + 𝑥 = 180
𝑥 = 180 – 126
𝑥 = 54°

63°
Interior and Exterior Angle of a Triangle

Interior Angles Exterior Angles

 Exterior Angle Of A Triangle
✘ When a side of triangle is produced, an angle outside the
triangle is formed. It is called an exterior angle.
 A
𝑥

D
110°
𝑦
B C

F
QUADRILATERALS
(Polygons with four sides)
Name the Quadrilaterals
3
1
2

irregular

4 5 6
Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Square: Quadrilateral with four equal sides
and four right angles (90 degrees)

Indicates equal sides

Box indicates 900 angle

Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Rectangle: Quadrilateral with two pairs of
equal sides and four right angles (90 degrees)

Indicates equal sides

Box indicates 900 angle

Indicates
equal
sides
Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Parallelogram: Quadrilateral with opposite sides that are parallel
and of equal length and opposite angles are equal. The diagonals
of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Indicates equal sides

C D

Indicates equal sides

A B

∠A = ∠D
∠B = ∠C
Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Rhombus: Parallelogram with four equal
sides and opposite angles equal

Indicates equal sides

∠A = ∠C
∠B = ∠D
Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Trapezoid: Quadrilateral with one pair of
parallel sides

Parallel sides never meet.

Types of Quadrilaterals
✘ Irregular shapes: Quadrilateral with no
equal sides and no equal angles
Properties of Rectangle, Square, Rhombus,& Trapezium

SIDES

It has at least 1
pair of parallel
sides

It has 2 pairs of
parallel sides

Its opposite sides

are equal

Its 4 sides are

equal
Properties of Rectangle, Square, Rhombus,& Trapezium

ANGLES

It has 4 right
angles

Its opposite
angles are equal
Properties of Rectangle, Square, Rhombus,& Trapezium

DIAGONALS

Its diagonals are

equal

Its diagonals are

perpendicular to
each other

Its diagonals
bisect each other
Its diagonals
bisect its interior
angles
Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
✘ Interior angles: An interior angle (or
internal angle) is an angle formed by two
sides of a simple polygon that share an
endpoint

✘ Interior angles of a quadrilateral always equal

360 degrees
 Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
(Square)
S R S R

U 125°
𝑥
17 V
T 𝑦

P 3𝑦 + 2 Q P Q
 Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
(Rectangle)
H G H G
𝑦
𝑥

T
𝑥 18 3𝑦

36°
E F E F
 Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
(Rhombus)
K
N

2𝑦 −6 K 𝑥

L N

23 𝑦
3𝑥 24 M

M L
 Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
(Parallelogram)
D 2𝑥 C D C
𝑦
4𝑦 15

E
3𝑥
12
72°
A 10 B A B
 Interior Angles of Quadrilateral
(Parallelogram)
D C D C
𝑥 𝑦
126°
𝑦

59°
54° 𝑥
A B A B E
POLYGONS
Polygons
✘ A plane figure with three or more straight edges as its sides
is called a polygon.
✘ Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of
straight lines, and the shape is “closed”.
✘ A polygon has equal sides and equal angles called Regular
Polygon.
Polygons
✘ When each interior angle of a polygon is less than 180° à
convex polygon.
✘ If one orConvex
more interior angles of a polygon are reflex
polygon
angles à concave polygon.
Types of Polygons

Convex polygon

Concave polygon
Sum Of Interior Angles Of A Polygon
✘ ∠sum of polygon = (n – 2) x 180°

Ø Triangle = (3 – 2) x 180° = 180°

Ø Quadrilateral = (4 – 2) x 180° = 360°
Ø Pentagon = (5 – 2) x 180° = 540°
Ø Hexagon = (6 – 2) x 180° = 720°
Ø Heptagon = (7 – 2) x 180° = 900°
Ø Octagon = (8 – 2) x 180° = 1080°
Ø Nonagon = (9 – 2) x 180° = 1260°
Ø Decagon = (10 – 2) x 180° = 1440°
Sum Of Interior Angles Of A Polygon
 Sum Of Exterior Angles Of A Polygon
✘ Exterior angles are those that are found on the outside of
the polygon.
✘ The sum of the exterior angles of a convex polygon is 360°.