W-eFORM 7

DESIGN OF URBAN RESETTLEMENT

FOR MALOLOS-CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT
(MCRP) PHASE2

By

Vergara Johnree , Pascua Jann Zeus,

Ar. Garry M. Advento

Thesis Adviser

A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Architecture and Fine Arts
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Department of Architecture
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Tarlac State University

November, 2019
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

“Urbanization is not about simply increasing the number of urban residents or

expanding the areas of cities. More importantly, it’s about a complete change from rural to

urban style in terms of industry structure, employment, living environment and social security”

(Li Keqiang).

While the world’s population is doubling, the world’s urban population is

tripling. United Nation projected that more than half of the world’s population is

currently living in urban areas. And with that, it is set to rise to 68 percent over the

coming decades. But in cities two of the most pressing problems facing the world

today also come together: poverty and environmental degradation.

Urbanization issues such as high population density, inadequate infrastructure,

lack of affordable housing, flooding, pollution, slum creation, crime, congestion and

poverty happens due to heavy rate of migration from rural areas. Rapid urbanization

and inadequate capability to cope with the housing needs of people in urban areas

have contributed to the development of informal settlements. Living in these

settlements often poses significant health risks. Sanitation, food storage facilities and

drinking water quality are often poor, with the result that inhabitants are exposed to a

wide range of pathogens and houses may act as breeding grounds for insect vectors.

Most people move to cities and towns because they view rural areas as places

with hardship and primitive lifestyle. Therefore, as populations move to more

developed areas the immediate outcome is urbanization. This normally contributes to

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the development of land for use in commercial properties; social and economic

support institutions, transportation, and residential buildings. Eventually, these

activities raise several urbanization issues (richmondvale, 2017).

In the year 2015, these events led the rulers from 193 countries of the world

came together and face the future – and created a long-term plan called the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This set of 17 goals imagines a future just 15

years off that would be rid of poverty and hunger, and safe from worst effects of

climate change. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is one of the

leading organizations working to fulfil the SDGs by the year 2030. One of its goal

(Goal 8) aims to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full

and productive employment and decent work- and (Goal 11) aims to make cities and

human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Another one is (Goal 9)

Industry, innovation and infrastructure that aims to build resilient infrastructure.

Philippines is prime example for having a vast number of informal settlers.

“The proliferation of informal settlements in the Philippines has become a phenomenon

associated with big cities and expanding centers” said the Housing and Urban

Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC). “From the early 1970s to more recent

years, estimates of the number of informal settlers in the country have varied, ranging

from as low as 470,000 families to as high as 2.5 million families”. In about 4.5

million people who are living in informal settlements, according to the Philippine

Statistics Office (PSO). About 3 million of the are living in Metro Manila, possibly

the most in any urban area in the world.

In line with the current issues on housing, Senator Risa Hontiveros pushed for

the building of “humane” relocation sites for informal settlers. Amidst the Duterte

administration initiating the “Build, Build, Build” (BBB) Program, which seeks to

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accelerate infrastructure spending and develop industries that will yield robust

growth, create jobs and improve the lives of Filipinos. One of the “Build, Build,

Build” key infrastructure projects is the North-South railway projects connecting Los

Baños to Tutuban, Manila and Clark Freeport in Pampanga. Which caused families to be

affected by the proposed route of the railway.

The city of Angeles in Pampanga, while being a First-class highly urbanized

city in the country is also having a hard time solving problems in housing, especially

with the professional squatters and dealing with the private landowners. Affected

families are classified as low income to middle income people. According to Local

Urban Poor Affairs and Housing Office (LUPAHO) of Angeles City, Pampanga,

some of the affected families have already been relocated. Thus, this study aims to

explore and develop an architectural solutions that would help the city of Angeles to

eradicate professional squatters and informal settlements through concepts that are

sustainable for the city and dweller as well as systemize the infrastructure to provide

career and economic services and ensure their healthy communal and social life.

Figure 1: MCRP route via satellite scan

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1.1.a. Review of Related Literature and Studies
Architecture for housing: Multi-function Transitional Space of Housing in China

by Zhaoqing Zhang, 2015

This dissertation defines and develops transitional space of housing, which is

adaptable to the Chinese environment. It is the integration of community, culture

element and sustainable development. The researcher stated that although the lifestyle

is changing today, the concept of courtyard which comes from the Chinese vernacular

building remains in peoples’ minds. It’s not only a form but also an expression of

national culture and a sense of space. There are some attempts for Chinese architects

to renovate or reconstruct the “courtyard”, but most of them are low-rise buildings.

Facing with the high density, high volume urban living environment, Chinese

architects only set the first-floor yard and roof garden in multi-story or high-rise

buildings. To improve the community environment, various levels courtyard space,

such as the courtyard among units, community courtyard, are set. These courtyards

are regarded as public space which not only plays the role of landscaping but also

make people feel comfortable.

The researcher used the design approach called “imitation courtyard”. Which

doesn’t mean to recover traditional courtyard but to apply the composition rule of

traditional courtyard prototype into the design, to simulate a new kind of community

space like the traditional courtyard. It’s not the courtyard for single extended family

but for several families sharing it.

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 Figure 1. Existing Floor Plan

The outer courtyard is translated into a space serving as a small courtyard at the

apartment entrance. The researcher made use of the space between apartments to form

the double-height space which not only strengthen the visual connection among

neighbors but also provide them a small activity space.

Figure 3. Conceptual Diagram & model of new

outer courtyard

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 The first-step courtyard is regarded as the semi-public space. This courtyard is the

main space for people to connect with nature. That is to say, plants and fresh air

should be introduced to this area. The semi-public space is assigned in the middle two

story of each stack. Around 180 people will share the double-height aerial garden.

Figure 4. Conceptual Diagram & Sketch of semi-public space

The second-step courtyard is translated into fully public space for gathering of the

whole community. By using several floating blocks to connect theses three existing

high-rise buildings to become one large complex. This way, all residents living in the

three buildings could have opportunity to be linked together.

Figure 5. Conceptual Diagram & model of public

space

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 The researcher applied double-height space into the new courtyard, which is

serving for four apartments with around 12 people. By this way it is not only meet the

basic scale requirement but also makes the courtyard space not too low to produce a

sense of oppression. Each apartment sacrifices some areas to form the outer courtyard.

Each two floor is divided into four new outer courtyards. It makes the design for

people to walk through the courtyard before entering their home, which enhances the

privacy of interior space and spatial layer.

Figure 6. Standard floor plan with new outer courtyards

Figure 7. Section plan of new outer courtyard

According to the researcher’s analysis, eighth floor could be seen as a stack which

has one semi-public space. In order to make minimal change to the existing buildings,

all the demolition or additions are based on each original apartment. When they

renovated a new space, all other apartments will keep work. So depending on the

scale of semi-public space which should meets the activity requirement for around
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180 people, two apartments each floor are selected to be renovated. All the other

apartments are unaffected.

In the semi-public space, people not only have the opportunity to enjoy the fresh

air and best views but also establish the connection with nature directly, which people

look forward to.

Figure 8. Floor plans with semi-public space

Figure 9. Section plan of semi-public space

The researcher defined public space as like the traditional second-step courtyard,

it should provide an area to various activities which could enrich peoples lives. People

prefer to stay in the place where they could release their pressure after work. the

purpose to set the float blocks is to obtain the best views for people. When inhabitants

enjoy the pleasure from activities, they could also feel cozy the beautiful views bring

to.
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 Figure 10. Section plan of public space

Further design considerations could include the following improvements:

1. More considerations on the structure of floating block.

2. More researches to determine the scale of public space, the quantity of them

and the form of them.

3. Outside space should be taken into consideration.

Design of Housing for Urban Artisan-Living Work

Urban poor is a problem and an also an opportunity for the city. They are

actively taking part in the economy and they are the server of the 4th class services of

the society. But they don’t have proper place to live and facilities to lead their

lifestyle. However, they have lots of potential in the city and can easily make them

useful to contribute to the culture and the society of the city. With a better place to

live that will support their lifestyle, they can easily become the keeper of their culture

and crafts. With proper housing they can produce income and support their families.

We can easily rely on their craftsmanship to retain our culture. Architecture should be

sustainable and for all. It’s not only the design strategy but also the complete

systematic process so that it can ensure that the end user can afford it.

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A unique approach to allow low-income families the opportunity to gain home

ownership access through alternative financing by Wilbert Abbot, Jr.

Community and Regional Planning and Landscape Architecture professionals

along with state and local politicians need to aid low-income family’s by informing

them of opportunities that will allow them to become homeowners in mixed-use (New

Urbanist) communities. His study 1) illustrates the barriers present to purchase a

home for low-income households when there is a lack of economic resources, 2)

analyze case studies which present the positive and negative approaches to this type

of funding and 3) explore alternative financial opportunities provided by private

donors that will allow for home ownership with no upfront capital. It focuses on the

mixed-use (new-urbanist) communities that have been created to allow home

ownership to low-income families throughout the U.S. Bookout (1992a) believes that

the real obstacle to NU (new-urbanist) projects is not with development regulations

and approval bureaucracies, but with project financing. He then stated that to aid low-

income families in the upcoming future recommendations that may be utilized in

conjunction with community and project goals.

 Throughout his design process the involvement of the community as

major is essential for the growth and success of this type of project

immersed in the fabric of the existing community.

 Providing varied types of employment and training opportunities that

will raise the economic impact as well as the morale of the existing

community.

 Incorporating training classes for low-income working families to

become educated on the nuisances of marinating and obtaining their

own house.

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Unite De Habitation by Le Corbusier

Figure 11. Unite D’Habitation

After World War 2 there was a prime and quick need of rehabilitating the

people who were affected and lost their homes. The Architect Le Corbusier and

Nadir Afonso decided to make a prototype building for providing shelter for them.

The first decision was to make the building with brick but for the sake of faster

construction, they used concrete and high tensile steel members. it is a good example

of brutalism. (www.archdaily.com n.d.) (www.foundationsackc.com/projects n.d.).

Figure 12. Internal section showing the functional flow

The main idea was to make an avant guard community housing with facilities

such as communal terrace, medical facility, shops, sporting, education facilities, hotel

etc. so that the building becomes source of income for itself.

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 Figure 13. Functional perspective

It must be said, a building that presents a new paradigm is one of the most

complex design exercises that an architect must go through. Here, this building

perfectly shows (other than climate) that how to reduce the footprint of a building and

how to provide functions according to content, context, user group, and separate

public and private spaces. It will also be a great example if the whole layout is

remodeled when a prototype is constructed in any other climatic region. He showed

that all people deserve to live in a high-rise and they can maintain the aristocracy of

space as well as generate a healthy community. The fun fact is this building is still

occupied by the middle-class people. That's how a sustainable building should be.

Through this section, we can see that the minimum needs are served in each

unit. Natural lighting and ventilation is welcomed in each room but is sometimes

compromised in the lobby area. On the other hand, if we see the lobby areas, they are

situated after each three floors reducing the portion of unused areas also. Nearly 1600

people living in an 18th floor building with proper facility and healthy spaces made

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this building “A city within a City”. One of the most interesting thing is the dwellers

were employed at the time of construction.

Figure 14. Sectional flow of the floors.

That is also a milestone for sustainable architecture. As his idea was “vertical

garden city” based on bringing the villa inside a high rise building which facilitates

the inhabitants to have their own private spaces, but outside of that private sector they

would read, play games, shop, eat, exercise and make the community gathering.

(www.BBC.com/culture n.d.) (www.archdaily.com n.d.).

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Bedok Court Condominium

Figure 15. Bedok Court Condominium in Singapore

Common Consideration and Issues of the project:

The project wants to Re-Create relaxed friendly Athmosphere and most of all a strong

Sense of Community and Security for the residents

1 Tropical Sustainable Architecture

2. Sense of place and belonging

3.Privacy issues

4.Accoustic level, Thermal Comfort Condition And internal Community

5.Communal space

The Study conducted by the researchers Show how the quality of life in a

community and their Environment. And how Architectural solution can formulate and

succesfully create better places,sence issues ,acoustic levels ,thermal comfort

condition inrterconnected sustainable design. And what is the most common spaced

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they used for social activities, like children place, communal space, their hobbies,

group activities etc.

The residential structures contain multiple air wells that allow for air circulation

to occur through the multiple green spaces. This was a good example of how to create

a passive cooling system in a tropical climate.

Figure 16. Site Plan (left) and Circulation Diagram (right)

Figure 17. Section Circulation (left) and Floor Plan Circulation (right)

Tropical Sustainable Architecture by J.H. Bay

Includes one of today’s most successful residential urban communities, located in

Singapore, and designed by Cheng Fenn of Design Link Architects. Bedok Court

Condominiums was completed in 1985 and consists of 280 apartments. Fenn stated

that “he wanted to re-create the relaxed friendly atmosphere and strong sense of

community and security found in this setting. He suggested that the high degree of

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visual connectivity of residents in their entrance porch spaces contributed to high

levels of social interaction and familiarity, resulting in a strong sense of identity and

security.” Fenn used three dimensional multi layered streets within a high-density

context combined with “smart growth” and sustainability to create a vertical garden

community. Open garden terraces were used to enhance communal activity and

awareness as well as allowing for an increase in thermal comfort conditions within the

residential units through shade, vegetation, and natural ventilation. These main

sustainable qualities of the design are what allowed these residential towers to be so

successful for everyday communal activities to occur. Fenn also mentioned that “he

had been very much influenced by the writings of Jane Jacobs (1962) and her

assertion that the modern city needs a vital street life. However, he went on to admit

that some degree of privacy would have to be sacrificed in order to gain the necessary

familiarity and trust.”

Newton Suites by WOHA Design Firm

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 The main goal of the project was to create a vertical community that offers all

amenities that are looked for throughout a dense urban setting and incorporate

concepts such as orientation, maximizing views, solving environmental issues and

including multiple scales of green space that begin to help answer the question of how

one can design a modern and sustainable tropical high rise residential tower within a

tropical climate.

Attention to detail, proportions and scale, ensures that the building is a

comfortable, efficient and elegant living space

The dynamic facade is the main concept for this project as it is functional as well

as aesthetically pleasing to the residences. Newton Suites incorporates sustainable

architectural systems by using a variety of landscaped open air spaces that becomes

one of the primary design elements. At every four floors on the southeast facade there

are covered communal green spaces which contain large scale vegetation. These

vegetated spaces were designed to allow the users to use the spaces for multiple

purposes. These spaces also allow air flow to passively cool the structure.This

residential high rise will also contain the necessary residential support spaces. This

will include the main lobby, offices, mail room, gymnasium, loading dock, and waste

collection and removal space. Residential high rise structures are complex and unique

designs that begin with configuring the parking and structure, then address how the

users will circulate through the structure. This project will be designed around the

circulation system that will consist of green space and will help the building function

as a whole. There will also be an addition of numerous commercial spaces located at

the base of the tower. These spaces, consisting of restaurants and large and small

retail spaces will be available to the residents, as well as to the general public. The

communal spaces will be an addition to an already existing river walk park

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 Figure 18. Site plan (left) and circulation diagram (right)

Buildings orientation, screen systems and open green spaces to help with the

sustainable advancement of this residential high rise. Newton Suites design will begin

to set precedence for residential vertical communities to come. After researching

many different types of tropical residential towers, it was found that the mixture of

proportionally used green spaces throughout a residential community along with the

combination of bioclimatic/ sustainable systems, can impact the users wellbeing and

promote interaction within a vertical realm. Such as a neighborhood or city park does.

The building form takes on a different approach to the common point block tower,

in how the design layout begins to push and pull its floor plates and creates a multiple

of scaled green spaces. As a result of the shifting of floor plates, the balconies begin

to take on a distinct proportional pattern.

1.The tower’s design includes an angled mesh screen system to help prevent heat

gain throughout the building. This system serves not only as a shading device, but

also provides privacy for the residences.

2. Trellises covered with vegetation are used to help absorb sunlight as well as

help filter air flow.

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 Figure 18. Circulation Plan (left) and Section (right)

The methods of integrating more green spaces within a residential high rise was
done through various strategies and helped with the development of sustainable
design systems for high rise residential buildings

Elemental Project Villa Verde

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 The importance of Aravenas work in community housing it allowed us to think

about a design for the upper niche of the housing policy. And developed an innovative

and competitive typology in socialized housing.

Consideration of the project:

1.Low Cost and Quality

2.Flexible design For Future Demmand / Expansion

3.innovative typology of Housing design

Low cost and quality affordable Aranya Community housing in 1995 design by

Ar. Aravena His projects focus heavily on architecture, and the creation of a design

that limits and confines future expansions. The design of community housing

comprises unfinished concrete floors, while the second floor is fitted with unfinished

plywood. The kitchen features one sink with no other appliances. This makes the

house cheap, practical, and efficient. Fundamental structural and architectural needs

were provided to residents, including concrete foundations, plumbing, and electricity.

The community housing design engaged the participation of the user/ residents

hosted by the Elemental.Each homeowner received a manual highlighting way to

expand the house using standard affordable building materials

.The project aims to offer residents a higher quality home than what they

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otherwise would have been able to construct themselves or receive support to do so.

Efforts were made to make the architecture highly affordable and basic so any extra

resources could go into improving the surrounding area uplifting the neighborhood,

showcasing Elemental’s social conscience

Aravena’s work has led to an reevaluation and questioning of housing. Labor

accounts for around one third of the cost of a house, while services (administrative,

financing, marketing, architectural, and engineering) represent another third. If more

components of architectural projects are made open source, from design to

manufacturing, cheaper, better housing can be offered.228. The urban plans of such

projects are deployed with little regard for the surrounding landscape and rely on

clearance tactics. While Elemental’s projects focus on tabula rasa developments, their

designs make limited efforts to engage residents and community in the formation and

layout of incremental projects.

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 In this chapter the spatial distribution of social housing in Vienna and Copenhagen

and the policy behind that distribution will be examined. The two cities are

comparable in their status of capital city and both cities are characterized and shaped

by strong welfare state policies, but they also present a number of qualitative

differences in their structures of the housing market and in their approaches to social

housing. The city and the surroundings suburbs are the spatial units of investigation;

the analysis is not further broken down to a smaller district or neighborhood level

because the thesis aims at giving a holistic view of social housing developments

across urban space. In the case of Copenhagen and its surrounding suburbs, the focus

of the analysis lies on the city of Copenhagen as more detailed information is

available about the housing situation and housing policy in the city than in the

suburbs.

Low Income Housing in Santa Rosa, Philippines (Design Proposal for Improving

Natural Ventilation and Cost-Efficient Construction) Final Report 2107.

A study was undertaken, firstly, on the inquiry of a preliminary design scheme

provided the City of Santa Rosa, and secondly, on the consideration of appropriate

environmental and economic design measures regarding the local context. With

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understanding attained, two alternative design were proposed for deliberation and

discussion with project stakeholders about environmental concerns such as and cost

efficiency. Based on suggestions and comments made, one scheme was selected for

development. The final design suggests that environmental improvement can be

achieved when considering building orientation, shading, natural ventilation, and

flooding hazard protection. Regarding economic measures, cost efficiency can be

improved by focusing on design simplification, locally practiced construction

techniques and use of commonly available building materials.

A present aim of the city is thus to ensure sufficient affordable housing

possibilities for citizens with lower incomes, particularly in respect to the number of

low-income government employees in Santa Rosa currently in need for proper

accommodations. The city is considering to support the realization of ‘multi-story

apartment-style’ residences for informal settlers and government employees

(ownership of the property) in such a way that it would fit the financial capacities of

the beneficiaries with consideration to the standards set by the National Housing

Authority.

This study conducted by the possibilities for a affordable housing such case for the

residents and thermal comfort in order to the housing facilities could eloborate the

passive design will help highlighted sustainable and cost-efficient features of the

design.

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Western Bicutan Tenement in Taguig City

The central courtyard, enclosed by the east and west wings, functions as the heart

of the building as fiestas, games, pageants, and daily congregation glue the

community together. And with eyes on the courtyard from all angles and multiple

levels at almost every hour of the day, the space is one of the most guarded areas in

the Tenement.

The increasing tension between the residents and the bureaucrats against the

backdrop of private institutions waiting to take advantage puts the Tenement at a

disadvantage. Some see it as bullying—powerful agencies kicking out the less

favored. Some read it as an uprising of ignorant masses too stubborn to move out for

their own safety. Whether the government decides to dig up the House resolution or

serve a new notice, the Tenement offers us the ingredients for creating thriving social

housing communities. On the same year the eviction notice was served, a rapper

named Mike Swift organized The Picnic Games. The simple barangay basketball

league open to anyone became a clarion call to save the Tenement.

When citizens resort to small-scale improvisation like this, they’re doing what

city planners would call Tactical Urbanism, short-term and temporary interventions

that achieve lasting urban improvements. If we look past the cracks, rust, mold, and

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paint drips, the decaying architecture gives us a framework where mobility is

comfortable, neighbors feel connected to each other, and humanity can be creative.

This is no longer about what the Tenement needs to be. It’s about what it wants to be.

The people opened their courtyard to new possibilities and embraced a new future that

could possibly save their home.

Through this study, we conducted for the people’s choice for livelihood can

conquer an inspirational form of aspects, this regularly attracted people from different

disciplines: who injected a subcultural edge to the place. Everyone became an

observer. Children and adults alike would join. And the residents felt empowered as

key agents in their own security as the housing community.

Decoding Third Place

Public and accessible open spaces are integral components of successful urban

environments. Capable of housing a multitude of activities and occupants, they

provide opportunities for people to interact, relay information, and exchange goods

and services. Successful open spaces often rely on the qualities of “third places” to

accommodate such actions. As described by Ray Oldenburg, third places are informal

gathering places in a neighborhood that are separate from the home (first places) and

work (second places).1 Third places vary from local diners to post offices to coffee

shops, but all provide a relief in the routine of the home-to-work-to-home lifestyle

that leads to negative social well-being and psychological health.2 Additionally,

urban spaces last longer when people take interest in them. Because third places are

inherently those that people seek out and choose to occupy, the replication of their

qualities and elements in open spaces draws residents and visitors over time. The

open space, after achieving a continuous flow of occupants, becomes a significant

point of attraction in the city, a space worthy of preservation and upkeep instead of
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falling into disrepair as is the case with some older open spaces. People, however, are

dynamic creatures with changing needs and desires as time progresses, meaning open

spaces and qualities of third places must adapt as well if they are to continue to attract

people. The capstone project explores questions concerning successful open spaces,

specifically the components within these spaces and how they exhibit qualities of

third places. The study includes case study research and literary reviews from experts

in the field of urban planning and open spaces. These open spaces are defined as, for

this exploration, spaces providing a level ground for locals and guests of varying

backgrounds and economic classes to interact. Spaces with entrance fees or lack of

free amenities may be excluded. Small urban parks, city/town squares, areas of urban

recreation, and other public gathering spaces surrounded by urban context are

adequate examples for research. The case studies will consist of locations in four US

cities—two examples from larger metropolitan areas and two from a less dense

Arkansan background. These studies examine the history, current status, and possible

future of third place qualities in the space. Much of the work is observational and

documentative in nature, breaking down different components of the space to

determine how each one contributes to a larger whole. How are the aspects of third

places incorporated into the design and identity of cities’ open spaces in ways that

foster stronger community bonds and a longer life for open spaces given the needs of

communities are changing? The study of how to accommodate the changing needs of

city dwellers through the incorporation of good open spaces is an important topic with

many implications. The urban sprawl in America of the second half of the twentieth

century occurred when people left the dense urban centers looking for new

opportunities and ways of living their lives. Cities remain popular destinations today,

but how can the form of open spaces and their interaction with supporting program

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emphasize health, environmental symbiosis, and adaptability for the future? As

sprawl continues to grow in America, how can designers make denser communities

more attractive and offer many opportunities? The capstone project examines the

relationship between open spaces and their role as third places to create useful,

engaging, adaptive, and pleasant experiences for citizens of the community and

guests. This exploration is part of a larger discussion in the field of design.

The capstone has two main purposes— cataloguing and testing existing data. Firstly,

the study and documentation of successful examples of open spaces and how they

behave as third places is a guide for the work of future designers responsible for urban

planning and the creation of community environments. Instead of reinventing the

wheel, designers should consult precedents of previous works that have benefitted the

community in which they exist, not to directly replicate the space but rather to take

away the key themes and successful moves of the open space. Secondly, the capstone

is a test to examine if the elements of third places are performing in the ways

researchers such as William Whyte and Roy Oldenberg believe they do. What may

be effective or successful in one space may not in another space and urban context.

The capstone explores whether the design of open spaces can be reduced to a

prescriptive list of elements to create a third place or if the qualities of such a place

are achieved through other means. As people continue to become more independent

from their communities due to advancements in technology, the nature of open spaces

continues to change and evolve, creating a constant source of study and observation.

These areas are not only nodes of activity inside an urban fabric where businesses and

public events benefit from the sources of people. They are places where people come

together, get to know one another, and foster stronger bonds that enhances the

strength of a city. The success of these spaces depends on creating atmospheres,

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activities, and elements that people find attractive and will gravitate towards. Third

places also exemplify these qualities, and there are several successful examples of

how an open space can act as a third place. The capstone will delve into these ideas

and precedents to create a better understanding of how effective open spaces operate

using third place qualities.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem
The presence of informal settlers in the country relatively become a bigger

problem to solve. They were provided with safe housing, yet they cannot use it

efficiently. Though they may be relocated, still there are those who prefer to choose

different path of life leaving behind community values. So instead of living in remote

relocation areas where there is no available source of living for them, they resort in

squatting in different parts of the city. People who live in this stature does not care

whether the area is dangerous places such as riverbanks, railways, under the bridges –

or the area is a private property, if these places is where their source of income come

from. Provided that there are lots of housing provisions in the country either owned

by the government or owned by a private sector. Thus, the researcher aims to answer

the following questions.

 What building design would reflect their culture, history, society,

religion, norms, behavior or community?

 What spaces can provide what they truly need?

 What mode of development is applicable?

 What new ideas would be introduced that are not present in the
existing housing projects?

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 1.3 Theoretical Framework

ANALYSIS INTERVIEW
LUPAHO
LEGAL DATA
IDENTIFYTHE PROBLEM JICA REPORT
NHA
SITE VISIT LOT DESCRIPTION
AFFECTED FAMILIES
SITE INVENTORY CLUP
NSCR

DESIGN GUIDELINES
SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS PD 1096- NATIONAL BLDG. CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
CONCEPT AND THEORY RA 9514 -FIRECODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SITE UTILIZATION BP344-ACCESSIBILITY LAW
RELATED STUDIES RA 9397-DISPOSITION OF LAND
EXISTING DESIGN RA 7279 HUDCC
PD 957 -SALE OF SUBDIVISION LOT &CONDOMINIUM
BP220-
CITY ORDINANCE
PLUMBING CODE AND SANITATION CODE
STRUCTURAL CODE
E0 648 - RECORGANIZING THE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
REGULATORY COMMISSION

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
RECOMMENDATION
SUGGESTION/COMMENTS
REVIEW
REVISIONED/ADJUSTMENT
COMPLAIN

REVIEW DESIGN
PROPOSAL

CONCLUSSION

FINAL OUTPUT

31
1.4 Significance of the Study
Architecture Students. This research study will provide and contribute a

different approach of information regarding on how we will solve and

eradicate the problems in housing especially on people who live in squatter

and informal settlements and give them adequate and decent life. The data

gathered will help the students on what architectural solution theories or ideal

mode of development are applicable.

Local Government Unit. The Study may guide them in order to decrease the

major problem in housing and instead of giving them a units the governments

should also consider access to basic needs such as livelihood and communal

space for the betterment of communities and their goal towards to improve the

lives of their citizen especially informal settlers and families with low and

middle income. And the data gathered will also help local government units to

provide appropriate solution to housing problems.

Future Researcher. The study will enhance the knowledge of researchers on

how we developed explore and make a solution by using theories techniques

and some principles to provide enough evidences to improve the mode of

development in housing design and demands in the near future.

32
1.5 Scope and Delimitations of the Study
Scope of the Study

The focal point of this proposed housing community is to provide housing

units, a communal space, economic services, social life and a decent life of the study.

The scope will be works related on how the housing community can be feasible on the

Municipality of Angeles City.

By this study, the development aims to considering the benefits of the

communal aspects towards the community that systemize the infrastructure to provide

opportunities through career for the informal settlers, economic services and ensure

their livelihood with consideration to the standards set by the National Housing

Authority. About the benefits of the communal, it excludes the functionality,

aesthetics, interaction for comfortable and pleasant of the development as the

complexity, sustainability and climate resistance. Along the possibilities for the

residents or informal settlers attain the affordable housing. Mostly it will reflect their

culture and norms by their community need

This data will be the guide of the study, such as the profile of the city (CLUP),

zoning ordinance, urban land use plan, physical and socio – economic profile of the

city, rule and laws for the development, and other related data or design guidelines

can be provide for the study.

Delimitation of the Study

33
 The study aims on how the communal space will be set to reduce of racism

and inequality, scarcity where it compiled by observing, applying rules and laws of

P.D. 1096 (N.B.C.), B.P. 220, P.D. 957 and other guidelines can be absorbed for a

habitable and resilient housing units or community as provided for the affected

families from the railway project by the following barangay Pulong Bulo, Lourdes

Sur, Lourdes Sur East, Claro Recto, Sta. Terasita, Agapito, Malabañas, and Balibago

For the other documents not related on applying the housing community will

not be documented in the focus of the study.

34
1.6 Definition of Terms
Human Settlement. Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human

beings live. For this purpose, people may erect houses and other structures and

command some area or territory as their economic support base.

Informal Settlement. Are areas where groups of housing unit have been

constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to or occupy

illegally; unplanned settlements and areas where housing is not in compliance

with current planning and building regulations.

Low-income Household. One whose income is low, relative to other

households of the same size. A household is commonly classified as low-

income and can be eligible for certain types of government assistance, if its

income is less than twice the poverty threshold.

Middle-income Household. Those earning between two-thirds and double the

median household income.

Pathogens. Pathogens are tiny living organism, such as a bacterium or virus,

that makes people sick.

Primitive Lifestyle. Having a quality or style that offers an extremely basic

level of comfort, convenience, or efficiency.

Professional Squatters. Refers to individual or groups who occupy lands

without the express consent of the landowner and who have sufficient income
35
for legitimate housing. This term shall also apply to persons, who have

previously been awarded homelots or housing units by the Government but

who sold, leased or transferred the same settled illegally in the same place or

in another urban area, and non-bonafide occupants and intruders of lands

reserved for socialized housing.

Resilient. Something that is resilient is strong and not easily damaged by

being hit, stretched, or squeezed. It is something that is capable of regaining its

original shape or position after bending, stretching or other deformation;

elastic.

Sustainability. Something that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Urban. Urban means “related to cities”. The term may refer to: Urban area,

geographical area distinct from rural areas.

Urbanization. Urbanization refers to the increasing number of people that live

in urban areas. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas,

be it horizontal or vertical.

36
 CHAPTER 2

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This Chapter discuss how the study was conducted the methods techniques
strategy, stages of research and approach to be use on gathering data. The statistical
treatment data use and on how will be solve and make a solution on the current
problem regarding the Informal settlement on Angeles city Pampanga and affected
families of NSCR (North-South Commuters Railway-Extension Project) and to attain
the main objectives of the Study. This includes the process of the research in order to
organize describe explain and validate findings the gathered data and fully understand
the Study.

2.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Method

For this research we use quantitative and qualitative method to collect data

based on random interview from affected families in Angeles city Pampanga that will

be use in the design process. Interview from LUPAHO office, National housing

Authority (San Fernando Pampanga) and DOTR (Valenzuela City). Provided specific

pieces of documentation like photographs for evidences. And also, we use secondary

source like group discussion public library, related study, and through observation.

2.2 Respondents of the Study

 Affected Families (Angeles Area)
 Local Urban Poor Affairs and Housing Office (LUPAHO)
 National Housing Authority (San Fernando Pampanga)
 Northville 15 Resettlement, Cutud
 DOTR (Valenzuela)

37
3 Sources of data and Instruments
2.3.1. Sources of data

 JICA Environmental Impact Statement Report for the Proposed PNR

Clark Phase 2 (Malolos Clark Railway) Project

 Local Urban Poor Affairs and Housing Office (LUPAHO)

2.3.2. Instruments

 World Wide Web.

 Questionnaire Method

One method which can be used to ask questions is to use a

questionnaire. This is a set of written questions on a sheet with
spaces provided for respondents to reply to the questions.
Questionnaires are frequently self-administered, or they may be used
during an interview.
 Interviews
interviewing is one of the commonest methods of collecting
information from individuals. It is not surprising, then, that
interviewing takes several forms: Structured interviews, in which the
wording of the questions and their sequence is the same from one
interview to another; the respondents must choose from a limited
number of answers that have been written in advance.
 Observation Method
It involves watching and recording the behaviour of individuals or
groups, or the events that occur in a particular place. One of the
advantages of using this approach is that you may choose when and
where to carry out the observation procedure and so ensure that you
will have a good chance of seeing the people or the behaviour you
wish to observe.

 Document Analysis
The biggest advantage of this method is that a large amount of

38
 reliable information can be obtained without questioning many
people.

4. Procedures
4.1 Interview
National Housing Authority
In the Interview Conducted by the researchers to National Housing
Authority located at San Fernando Pampanga.

Affected Families
Families that are needed to relocate nearby by Municipality. Affected
of railway project. (North South Commuters Railway-Extension Project)
under the Duterte Administration. The project will affect almost 8 Brgy. Of
Angeles City Pampanga.

Department of Transportation

39
 In the Interview Conducted by the researchers to NSCR (North South
Commuter Railway) located at 4th floor Arca North Building Valenzuela,
Metro Manila.

Local Urban Poor Affairs and Housing Office

LUPAHO office involvements in Socialized housing/Housing
problems in Angeles City Pampanga. Welfare of Informal Settlers.

4.2 Survey

Method used to identify the frequency of certain characteristics amongst group

or populations. The results would be based on the feedback given by the community

in their own view and interpretation.

The following are sample of questions given to the affected families of Angeles City.

 Are you satisfied living in this type of settlement?

 What type of dwelling do you live in?

 What type of ownership?

 What type of development would you prefer?

 Is your family earning enough to meet your needs?

40
  If unemployed or have insufficient earning, what type of work would you

prefer?

We conducted a survey in eight (8) barangays in Angeles City. Namely:

Pulong Bulo, Lourdes Sur, Lourdes Sur East, Claro M. Recto, Agapito, Sta. Terisita,

Malabanas, and Balibago.

Are you satisfied living in this type of settlement?

Poor 20
Not satisfied 38
Fair 26
Satisfied 12

Very satisfied 4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Poor 20
Not satisfied 38
Fair 26
Satisfied 12
Very satisfied 4

What type of dwelling do you live in?

Multi-family
74
dwelling

Single-family
26
dwelling

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Multi-family dwelling 74
Single-family dwelling 26

41
 What type of ownership?

owned 32

8
rented
0
mortgage
64
not owned

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

owned 32
rented 8
mortgage 0
not owned 64

Which type of development would you prefer?

high-rise 0

mid-rise 48

low-rise 52

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

high-rise 0
mid-rise 48
low-rise 52

42
 Is your family earning enough to meet your needs?

not enough 43

fair enough 27

enough 20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

not enough 43
fair enough 27
enough 20

If unemployed or have insufficient earning, what type of

work would you prefer?

utilities 20

business 30

workshops 50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

utilities 20
business 30
workshops 50

43
 CHAPTER 3

Results and Findings

.Demographics

Informal Settlers
There are 21,754 families considered as informal settlers due to non-

ownership of occupied lands, 1,666 of which are on riverbanks

Table 1 INFORMAL SETTLERS IN ANGELES CITY, 2018

Number of Families

Private Properties 14,856

Government Properties 5,232

Along Riverbanks (9 Barangays) 1,666

Total Numer of Informal Settlers 21,754

Ongoing Projects for Informal 6,443
Settlers
Number of families settled with 15,311
Titles
Source: Angeles City Local Urban Poor Affairs & Housing Office (LUPAHO)

Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials and Tenure

Tables 2 indicates that most housing units in Angeles City are roofed
with galvanized iron/aluminum material having 91.44% or 100,215 out of the
total number of occupied housing. Table 3 shows that 90,539 or 82.61% of the
occupied housing has outer walls made up of Concrete/Brick/Stone.

Table 2 OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF

THE ROOF IN ANGELES CITY, 2018
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS NUMBER OF % OF
OF THE ROOF OCCUPIED TOTAL
TOTAL 109,595 100%
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 100,215 91.44

44
 Tile/Concrete/Clay Tile 1,204 1.10
Half Galvanized Iron & Half Concrete 3,937 3.59
Wood 3,090 2.82
Cogon/Nipa/Anahaw 516 0.47
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised 585 0.53
Materials
Asbestos/others 84 0.07
Not reported 7 0.007
Source: PSA Census, Base Year 2010 & 2015
Note: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding

Table 3 OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF

THE OUTER WALLS IN ANGELES CITY, 2018
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF THE NUMBER OF % OF
OUTER WALLS OCCUPIED TOTAL
TOTAL 109,595 100%
Concrete/Brick/Stone 90,539 82.61
Wood 6,898 6.29
Half Concrete/Brick/Stone& Half wood 10,016 9.14
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 577 0.53
Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa 747 0.68
Asbestos 5 0.004
Glass 27 0.02
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials 592 0.54
Others/Not Reported 188 0.17
No walls 6 0.006
Source: PSA Census, Base Year 2010 & 2015
Note: Details may not add up to total due to rounding

ISFs under the Project by LGUs

Given that the Project affected area utilizes the PNR ROW, majority
are ISFs encroaching the said area with a small portion (out of PNR ROW).
As shown on Table 3.4.9, the number of ISFs is 1,080, which is 81.3 % of
total affected families (1,329). This is 4 times the number of legal PAFs
(Project Affected Families).
The table likewise indicates that there are 1,106 structures, indicating
that in some LGUs, (1) there is more than 1 family for each structure, and that
(2) there are structures with no occupants (such as Mabalacat). In all the

45
 LGUs, there are more ISFs than legal PAFs(Project Affected Families).. The
bulk of ISFs are in San Fernando (648 families), Calumpit (248 families) and
Angeles (166 families). LGUs with few ISFs are: (1) Santo Tomas (13
families), (2) Malolos (3 families) and Apalit (2). On the other hand, most of
the legal PAFs are also in San Fernando (161) – possibly due to the length of
the alignment and the additional ROW needed in the said segment. The other
remaining legal PAFs are from Calumpit, Angeles, Santo Tomas and Malolos.

1.1 Land acquisition and resettlement impacts.

MCRP will utilize existing Philippine National Railway (PNR) ROW, as well as
acquire additional parcels of land in areas where the width of the PNR ROW is less
than 30 m, and at station locations, which will require 60 m width. Involuntary
resettlement impacts will be a result of the acquisition of land for stations, depots and
to widen the ROW, as well as displacement of informal settlers and other land users
within the existing PNR ROW. Land will also be required for a new ROW for the
spur line from Clark to CIA (approx. 11km). While MCRP will maximize use of the
existing PNR alignment, some sections between Apalit and Angeles are expected to
be realigned. Land acquisition for the realignment and new alignment sections is
expected to be mostly farming land.

46
 It is anticipated that the project will potentially result in the physical displacement
of about 1,416 households (5,800 persons), 310 businesses, and 1,089 structures
might be affected due to ROW clearance and land acquisition (Table 1 to Table 2).
Of the 1,416 households, approximately 83% are informal settler households
occupying the PNR ROW.

Table 4 Summary of Potential Impact of MCRP

Land No. of
City / Affected No. of
Acquisition No. of PAPs
Municipality HHs
(in ha.) Structures
Malolos 48,000 11 6 33
Calumpit 61,000 319 328 1,318
Apalit 51,000 2 3 18
Minalin 30,000 0 0 0
Sto. Tomas 38,000 24 24 105
San Fernando 167,000 566 823 3,424
Angeles City 60,000 141 197 771
Mabalacat 0 26 35 131
TOTAL 455,000 1,089 1,416 5,800
Source: Japan International Cooperation Agency Report

Team Based on the census survey, the total number of structures that will be
affected by the project is 1,089. Of this number, 77.0 % are residential, 14.0 % are
used as residential/commercial, while the rest are commercial, industrial, institutional
and other associated structures. Among the structures that would be potentially
affected by the project, nine are community owned. These include government,
religious and cultural heritage structures.

There are 2,761 PAPs who earn incomes among those that will be physically
displaced, although as the relocation of the resettlement sites are expected to be in-
city, wage-based employees may be able to continue their employment. Of the total
number of income earners, majority are wage-based employees (1,672) or engaged in
household-based enterprises (742). Some have commercial businesses within the
ROW (310) or farming/agricultural activities (37).

47
1.2Profile of Affected Households

Households occupying structures categorized as residential or

residential/commercial purposes were surveyed to establish their number, profiles and
socio-economic conditions which are vital inputs to this plan. Household, for the
purpose of this plan, is defined as “…one or more people who live in the same
dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation and may consist of a single
family or some other grouping of people. A single dwelling will be considered to
contain multiple households if either meals or living space are not shared”.

The survey revealed a total of 1,416 potentially affected households in the project
area. Of this number, more than half of the surveyed households (58.12%) are in San
Fernando, 23.16% are in Calumpit,
13.91% are in Angeles, 2.47% are in Mabalacat, 1.69% are in Sto. Tomas, 0.42%
are in Malolos, and 0.21% in Apalit. Informal settler families comprised the majority
of the affected households in the ROW (82.84%), while the formal settlers account
for 17.16%.

Table 5 Number of Project Affected Households

Informal Settler Total No of
Formal Settler
City/Municipality Families/Households Affected %
Families/ Households
(ISFs) Households
Malolos 3 3 6 0.42
Calumpit 42 286 328 23.16
Apalit 1 2 3 0.21
Sto. Tomas 11 13 24 1.69
San Fernando 159 664 823 58.12
Angeles 21 176 197 13.91
Mabalacat 6 29 35 2.47
Total 243 1,173 1,416 100.00
% 17.16 82.84 100.00
Source: Japan International Cooperation Agency Report

1.3 Household Size

The average household size across all locations is four people. Malolos and
Apalit have the highest average household size with six household members while
the rest of the locations have an average number of four members. Mabalacat has the
least household size with an average of three members.

48
 Notably, most of those who have more than 10 household members are located in
San Fernando (9). There are, two respondents who did not indicate household size.

Table 6 Household Size

City/Municip
1-2 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 10 < NR Total Ave.
ality
Malolos 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 6 6
Calumpit 72 134 87 26 8 1 0 328 4
Apalit 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 6
Sto. Tomas 5 11 4 1 2 1 0 24 4
San Fernando 167 337 219 68 21 9 2 823 4
Angeles 51 77 51 13 3 2 0 197 4
Mabalacat 10 12 11 1 1 0 0 35 4
Total 305 574 375 111 36 13 2 1,416 4
% 21.54 40.54 26.48 7.84 2.54 0.92 0.14 100.0
Source: Japan International Cooperation Agency Report

When disaggregated, there is slightly more male household members (50.67%)

than females (49.33%). The pattern can be observed across all locations, except in
Sto. Tomas where there is slightly more females (52.38%) than males (47.62%).

Table 7 Household Members by Gender

Male Female Total
City/Municipality
no. % no. % no. %
Malolos 17 51.52 16 48.48 33 100.00
Calumpit 666 50.53 652 49.47 1,318 100.00
Apalit 12 66.67 6 33.33 18 100.00
Sto Tomas 50 47.62 55 52.38 105 100.00
San Fernando 1,734 50.64 1,690 49.36 3,424 100.00
Angeles 388 50.32 383 49.68 771 100.00
Mabalacat 72 54.96 59 45.04 131 100.00
Total 2,939 50.67 2861 49.33 5,800 100.00

1.4 Educational Attainment of Household Members

A total of 5,144 household members were recorded to have formal schooling that
ranges from preschool, elementary, high school, college, vocational/technical, and
advanced degrees. At the time of the survey, most had partly completed or are
completing high school level education (21.17%), or are high school graduates
(19.79%). More than a quarter of the household members are either in elementary

49
level (17.55%) or have graduated elementary level (7.60%). There are 11.76% of the
household members in college while 13.49% have earned college degrees. There are
32 individuals who have advance degrees. Also, there are 4.20% who have taken up
vocational/technical courses. Another 3.81% are either still in pre-school or have
only attained pre-school level education. This information also provides an indication
of the number of potentially affected household members who are still in school and
needs to be able to do so after relocation.

When gender disaggregated, there is an equal number of males and females with
formal schooling. However, there are more females with advanced degrees (19) than
males (13) and more female college graduates (381) than males (313). Females who
are either partly completed or completing college level (307) also outnumbered the
males (298). Female high school graduates (514) are also higher than males (504).
There are slightly more males who have not yet finished high school (545) than their
female counterparts (544). The number of males who have taken vocational/technical
courses (122) is higher than that of females (94). In terms of elementary education,
there is slightly more males (206) than females (185) who are elementary graduates
while more males (464) haven’t completed elementary education yet compared to
females (439). Further, 107 males and 89 females are still in pre-school.

While there are a number of gender disparities observed, including slightly higher
completion rates and higher education levels for females, but the gaps are minor and
do not indicate a preference for one gender to be supported in their education more
than the other gender.

The data indicate vast pool of human resources which can be harnessed to meet
manpower requirements during project construction and operation as well as with the
livelihood restoration and improvement program.

City/ A B C D E F G H I Tota
Municipality l
Education, FEMALE

Malolos 1 3 0 2 4 0 2 2 0 14
City/ A B C D E F G H I Total
Municipality
Calumpit 21 91 35 112 102 38 78 119 0 596
Apalit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4
Sto. Tomas 0 6 3 11 17 1 2 11 0 51

50
San Fernando 55 259 112 317 305 44 183 211 16 1,502
Angeles 7 68 27 86 79 7 40 37 3 354
Mabalacat 5 11 7 15 7 4 2 0 0 51
Sub Total, 89 439 185 544 514 94 307 381 19 2,572
Female
% 3.46 17.07 7.19 21.15 19.98 3.65 11.94 14.81 0.74 100.00
Education, MALE
Malolos 2 1 1 6 2 2 1 1 0
Calumpit 24 101 42 121 108 46 70 95 0 607
Apalit 1 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 7
Sto. Tomas 2 9 3 5 15 1 4 4 0 43
San Fernando 64 264 122 317 302 57 176 186 12 1,500
Angeles 13 76 25 80 64 13 42 26 1 340
Mabalacat 1 9 13 15 13 3 4 1 0 59
Sub Total, Male 107 464 206 545 504 122 298 313 13 2,572
% 4.16 18.04 8.01 21.19 19.60 4.74 11.59 12.17 0.51 100.00
Total 196 903 391 1,089 1,018 216 605 694 32 5,144
% 3.81 17.55 7.60 21.17 19.79 4.20 11.76 13.49 0.62 100.00
A – Preschool; B – Elementary Level; C – Elementary Graduate; D – High School Level; E – High
School Graduate; F – Vocational/Technical; G – College Level; H – College Graduate; I – Advance
Degree
1.5 Profile of Household Heads

A household head is defined as the person who is the sole or main income
provider and decision maker in the household. Female-headed households are usually
headed by widows or unmarried, divorced or separated women.

Out of the 1,416 households surveyed, a significant majority are male-headed

households (75.64%) while 24.36% are female-headed households. This significantly
high percentage of male-headed households is consistent across six locations,
specifically San Fernando, Malolos, Calumpit, Apalit, Angeles, and Mabalacat.
Table 8 Gender Distribution of Household Heads
Female Male Total
City/Municipality
No. % No. % No. %

Malolos 1 16.67 5 83.33 6 100.00

Calumpit 91 27.13 237 72.87 328 100.00

Apalit 0 0.00 3 100.00 3 100.00

Sto. Tomas 13 54.17 11 45.83 24 100.00

San Fernando 220 22.36 603 77.64 823 100.00

51
 Angeles 59 28.93 138 71.07 197 100.00

Mabalacat 1 2.86 34 97.14 35 100.00

Total 385 24.36 1,031 75.64 1,416 100.00

On table below shows the age distribution of household head. Majority of the
household heads are spread across the age brackets of 21-30 (19.99%), 31-40
(24.51%), 41-50 (20.97%) and 51-60 (17.94%) years old. A few household heads are
quite young at 20 years old and below (1.48%) while 14.97 % are already above 60
years old. There are two household heads who preferred not to divulge their age. The
average age of household heads regardless of age across all locations is 43 years old
for males and 45 for females. Calumpit has the highest average age of household
heads at 49 for both males and females while the lowest average age is 39 for males
and 31 for females, both in Mabalacat.

On table below shows households marital status. Most of the household heads are
separated from their spouses (24.51%). Some 20.97% are widow/er while 19.99% are
married and 17.94% are in a live-in set-up. Only a small percentage of the household
heads are single (1.48%).

52
1.6 Occupancy Arrangement

Of those who didn’t own the structure they occupy, these are classified as either rent-
free occupants (45.91%) or tenant/renter/lessee (45.35%) while the rest are caretakers
(2.50%), and sharers (2.08%). There are six households who occupy structures
without permission from the owners while 24 respondents did not divulge the
information

Table 9 Occupancy Arrangements among Non-Structure Owners

Occupancy Arrangement Total

City/ Rent Occupied

Tenant/
Municipality Free Caretak Without
Renter/ Sharer NR No. %
Occupa er Permissi on
Lessees
nt
Malolos 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.97
Calumpit 118 45 0 1 1 5 170 23.58
Apalit 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.14
Sto. Tomas 3 4 2 0 0 5 14 1.94
San 134 191 11 7 3 7 353 48.96
Fernando
Angeles 61 88 4 7 2 7 169 23.44
Mabalacat 3 3 1 0 0 0 7 0.97
Total 327 331 18 15 6 24 721 100.00
% 45.35 45.91 2.50 2.08 0.83 3.33 100.00

1.7 Monthly Rent

Survey records show that the average monthly rental fees as indicated by
tenant/renter/lessee respondents of residential structures across all areas is PhP1,420.
Sto. Tomas had the lowest average monthly rental rate with PhP222 while the highest
is recorded at PhP2,987 in Calumpit.

For business structures, the average rental rates across all areas is PhP1,872. San
Fernando had the lowest average monthly rental at PhP1,833 while the highest is in
Calumpit at PhP4,658.

53
 Table 10Average Monthly Rental Rates

City/ Monthly Rate (PhP)

Municipality
Residential Business
Malolos 2,583 2,556
Calumpit 2,987 4,658
Apalit 250 0
Sto. Tomas 222 0
San Fernando 2,190 1,833
Angeles 1,340 4,057
Mabalacat 367 0
Average 1,420 1,872

1.8 Affected Land

(1.8.1) Land Ownership

Land ownership can be a form of economic security among affected households,
business owners, and land owner/claimants. Of the 1,792 survey respondents,
majority (79.30%) do not own the land they are occupying while about 20.42%
claimed to own the land they occupy/use. There are five respondents who didn’t
answer the question.

Do you own the land you occupy/ claim? Total

City/Municipality
Yes No N/R Number %
Malolos 5 13 0 18 1.00
Calumpit 60 438 2 500 27.90
Apalit 1 2 0 3 0.17
Sto. Tomas 23 14 0 37 2.06
San Fernando 217 692 1 910 50.78
Angeles 54 231 2 287 16.02
Mabalacat 6 31 0 37 2.06
Total 366 1,421 5 1,792 100.00
% 20.42 79.30 0.28 100.00

Among households, 17.58% claimed to own the land that they are
using/occupying. Moreover, there are more males (13.42%) who claim ownership of
the lands compared to females (4.17%).

54
 Table 11 Ownership of Lands among Households
Yes No N/R Total
City/Municipality
Male Female Male Female Male Female No. %
Malolos 3 0 2 1 0 0 6 0.42
Calumpit 35 7 202 84 0 0 328 23.16
Apalit 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0.21
Sto. Tomas 4 7 7 6 0 0 24 1.69
San Fernando 123 36 479 184 1 0 823 58.12
Angeles 12 9 124 50 2 0 197 13.91
Mabalacat 12 0 22 1 0 0 35 2.47
Sub Total 190 59 838 326 3 0 1,416 100.00
% 13.42 4.17 59.18 23.02 0.21 0.00 100.00
Total 249 1164 3 1,416
% 17.58 82.20 0.22 100.00

(1.8.2) Proof of Land Ownership

Of those who claimed ownership of land, 67.86% claimed to have proof of
ownership while only 2.08% have none.

Table 12 Proof of Land Ownership

City/ Yes No N/R
Municipality Total %
No. % No. % No. %

Malolos 2 40.00 0 0.00 3 60.00 5 0.95

Calumpit 45 61.64 7 9.59 21 28.77 73 13.80

Apalit 1 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.19

City/ Yes No N/R

Municipality Total %
No. % No. % No. %

Sto. Tomas 24 92.31 1 3.85 1 3.85 26 4.91

San Fernando 231 63.46 1 0.27 132 36.26 364 68.81

Angeles 51 94.44 2 3.70 1 1.85 54 10.21

Mabalacat 5 83.33 0 0.00 1 16.67 6 1.13

Total 359 67.86 11 2.08 159 30.06 529 100.00

% 67.86 2.08 30.06 100.00

55
1.9 Livelihood and Living Survey

This section provides details necessary to understand the affected households’

livelihoods and living situation which would be helpful in resettlement planning and
in designing livelihood program interventions.

1.10 Household Income

1.10.1 Primary Source of Income

The survey also sought information on the households’ primary sources of

income categorized either as land-based, wage-based, enterprise-based, and
remittance-based. Land-based sources are those income generating activities largely
dependent on the productive potential of land, such as crop production, fish or
aquaculture, livestock raising/production, etc. Wage-based incomes are cash
payments paid to individuals in return for services rendered while enterprise-based
sources are those income-earning activities that the household or household members
engage into that is not land-based nor wage-based. Remittance-based sources are
those incomes sent to the household or household member/s from another location as
a means to support household needs or expenses.
A total of 2,446 household members are primarily contributing to the household
income. Given that there are 1,416 households surveyed, the average income earners
per household is about 1.7. Primary sources of income are predominantly wage-based
accounting for 66.31% of household members employed in various occupations such
as office staff, public official, driver, house helper, construction or industry worker,
sales worker etc. Some are engaged in enterprise-based livelihoods (26.37%) such as
sari-sari store, vending, food/catering, hair/nail/beauty salon, tailoring/dressmaking,
construction, transportation (i.e. tricycle, jeepney), handicrafts making among others.
About 3.35% of the household members derive their income from remittances, while
about 1% have land-based income sources, particularly crops, livestock and fish
production.

Table 13 Primary Source of Household Income

City/ Land Wage Enterprise Remittance
Others Total
Municipality Based Based Based Based
Malolos 0 3 5 1 0 9

56
Calumpit 24 345 184 30 20 603
Apalit 0 1 3 0 1 5
Sto. Tomas 2 30 14 0 1 47
San Fernando 5 953 343 43 31 1,375
Angeles 0 248 88 8 13 357
Mabalacat 0 42 8 0 0 50
Total 31 1,622 645 82 66 2,446
% 1.27 66.31 26.37 3.35 2.70 100.00

1.10.2 Land Based-Livelihoods

Households who are engaged in land-based occupations are mostly into crop
production (38.71%) and other forms of income (45.16%) such as aquaculture. Males
are mostly involved in crop production (29.03%) as compared to females (9.68%)
while females are mostly involved in other forms of landbased income source
(29.03%) as compared to males (16.13%).

Table 14 Types of Primary Land-Based Income Source

City/ Crop Production Others No Response Total
Municipality M F M F M F no. %
Malolos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Calumpit 8 3 4 5 2 2 24 77.42
Apalit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Sto. Tomas 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 6.45
San Fernando 1 0 3 0 1 0 5 16.13
Angeles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Mabalacat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Sub Total 9 3 9 5 3 2 31 100.00
% 29.03 9.68 29.03 16.13 9.68 6.45 100.00
Total 12 14 5 31
% 38.71 45.16 16.13 100.00

57
 1.10.3 Enterprise-Based Livelihoods

Table 15 below presents the different types of enterprise-based livelihood that the
household members are engaged in.
Table 15 Types of Primary Enterprise-Based Income Source

Table 16 Types of Primary Enterprise-Based Occupation Disaggregated by Gender

1.10.4 Wage-Based Livelihoods

The Table 17 indicates the types of wage-based secondary occupation of

households disaggregated by gender. There are more males than females employed as
office workers, public officials, drivers, and construction workers whereas more
females are in sales and as house help.

58
 As shown in Table18, majority of those having secondary wage-based occupation
are employed as contractual/temporary/casual/seasonal/intermittent. Only a few have
permanent/regular employment. In terms of gender disaggregation, more males are
employed both as permanent/regular or contractual s compared to females.

Table 17 Types of Secondary Household Enterprise Disaggregated by Gender

Table 18 Status of Employment for Secondary Wage-based Occupation

Roughly one-third of the secondary sources of household income are either

carried out within the PAPs’ own residence/house (33.53%) or within neighborhood
or barangay (34.13%). Eleven percent conduct their secondary livelihoods in nearby
barangays and 7.78% in other Cities/Municipalities.

There are 9 or 5.39% whose secondary livelihood is remittance-based while

7.78% have no definite location for their livelihood (i.e. vending).
59
 Table 19 Location of Secondary Sources of Income

1.11 Membership in Financial Institutions

Financial institutions play a role in providing a lifeline to people in times of need.

These may come in the form of housing, auto, or financial loans, among others.

Table 20 shows the list of financial institutions where the surveyed households
have memberships. Multiple responses were generated as there are respondents who
have memberships in more than one institution as these are basic requirements,
especially to those who are employed. Among the responses that came out were
mostly government financial institutions such as the Social Security System (SSS),
Government Services Insurance System (GSIS), PhilHealth, and Home Development
Mortgage Fund (Pag-IBIG Fund) and none from other private institutional sources. In
terms of gender, there are more males (1,023) with access to financial institutions as
compared to females (431). In Malolos, not a single female has access to any
financial institutions.

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 Table 20 Membership in Financial Institutions

1.12 Basic Household Amenities

Some basic social amenities contribute to the health and well-being of residents
and communities, in general. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation including
electricity is essential for human health, quality of life and dignity. It has multiplier
effects on socio-economic indicators such as poverty, health, and productivity.

1.12.1 Access to Water

There are various sources of water for the affected households, in some cases,
multiple sources were noted from a single household. There are households who
sourced water from the well for household uses (e.g. cleaning, washing clothes, etc.)
while buying water from commercial sources for drinking and cooking. This is true
for those who have no piped connections or no source of potable water.

More than half of the households (53.9%) have piped water connection while
19.3% share connection with their neighbors. Eight percent of the households get
their water from deep well while about 4% buy from commercial water vendors.
Other water sources cited include shared with parents/relatives.

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 Table 21 Access to Water

1.12.2 Access to Sanitation

About 86% of households reported having or using water-sealed toilets in their

homes. Some are using communal/barangay toilets (5.79%) while others (5.65%)
share with their neighbors or relatives. About
1.8% of the households said that they have no access to toilet at all while 3
households resort to open pit.

Table 22 Access to Sanitation

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 1.12.3 Access to Electricity
Majority of the households (61.30%) have their own electric meter for power
connection while more than a third (34.89%) share connection with their neighbors or
relatives. About two percent of the households have no connection at all. A small
percentage of the respondents (0.71%) uses either gas/kerosene, rechargeable battery,
solar power, or oil for their lighting needs. No response was generated from 13
households.

Table 23 Access to Electricity

1.12.4 Cooking Facilities

Majority of households surveyed (80.63%) use gas for cooking. This is the case
for all locations. Others use wood (7.35%), charcoal (6.11%), and kerosene (1.12%).
Three percent of the households use electric cookers, especially those in San
Fernando, Calumpit, and Angeles. There were 14 households who indicated “others”
specifying that they just buy or share food with their parents or relatives, while 18 did
not specify any.

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 Table 24 Cooking Facilities among Project Affected Households

1.13 Residency in the Area

1.13.1 Years Residency in the Area

Survey results indicate that almost half of the households (48.59%) have been in the
area for more than 20 years. Those who have been there for 1-5 years account for
21.75% while about 12.64% have been there for 6-10 years. Some 7.56% have been
residents in the area for 11-15 years while others have been there for 16-20 years
(5.93%). Those who have lived in the area for a year or less account for 3.39

Table 25 Number of Years in Current Location

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1.13.2 Type of Residence

A residential structure is considered a primary residence if the occupant considers

it as a permanent living accommodation and secondary residence if the occupant has
a primary residence elsewhere.

In most cases, secondary residences serve as temporary accommodations for

individuals or households who want to be near schools or workplaces during
weekdays or for an extended period with the intention to return to their primary
residence during weekends, school/work holidays/vacations and or during school
breaks.

Majority of the households (95.62%) consider the houses they occupy as their
primary residence while only 3% consider it as their secondary residences. Those
who did not provide information or didn’t fall under the classification were mostly
tenants/renters/lessee who are temporarily staying in the area. This information
indicates that majority will require support in terms of finding alternative primary
accommodations once land acquisition commences. Those with primary residence
elsewhere may not have similar needs but will need support to address the economic
impact resulting from having to move away from their livelihoods and/or schools
thus adding pressure on their household income.

Table 26 Type of Residence

City/ Primary Secondary
No Response N/A Total
Municipal Residence Residence
ity No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Malolos 5 83.33 0 0.00 1 16.67 0 0.00 6 100.00
Calumpit 303 92.38 17 5.18 4 1.22 4 1.22 328 100.00
Apalit 3 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 100.00
Sto. Tomas 22 91.67 2 8.33 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 100.00
San 100.00
804 97.69 19 2.31 0 0.00 0 0.00 823
Fernando
Angeles 186 94.42 6 3.05 5 2.54 0 0.00 197 100.00
Mabalacat 31 88.57 4 11.43 0 0.00 0 0.00 35 100.00
Total 1,354 95.62 48 3.39 10 0.71 4 0.28 1,416 100.00

65
 1.13.3 Place of Previous Residence

Prior to residing in their current locations, almost half of the household

respondents (46.47%) lived in the same barangay, 21.12% lived in another barangay
but within the same city/municipality, 9.89% lived outside of Metro Manila, and
3.74% lived outside of their current city/municipality but within Metro Manila.
Meanwhile, 12.36% indicated that the question was not applicable to them because
they haven’t lived anywhere other than their current address while 6.43%
respondents did not provide any answer.

Table 27 Place of Previous Residence

1.13.4 Reason for Establishing Residence in Present Location

Multiple responses were generated from respondents when asked about the
reasons for choosing to reside in their present location. The leading reason was being
near to church (37.77%). Closely following behind is proximity to workplace
(36.42%). About 8.60 % of the respondents consider presence of family ties in the
area as their reason for choosing the location while% said it is both family ties and
being near school. Among the other reasons cited were proximity to livelihood and
family ties (2.95%), family ties and marriage (4.82%), and marriage (1.97%). The
social and economic reasons provided are likely to be relevant to PAPs’ relocation
site preferences.

66
 Table 28 Reasons for Establishing Residence in the Current Location
City/ A B C D E F G Total
Municipality
Malolos 5 0 1 5 0 1 0 12
Calumpit 184 48 10 190 23 46 8 509
Apalit 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 4
Sto. Tomas 7 3 6 7 3 6 0 32
San 478 113 37 505 66 89 28 1,316
Fernando
Angeles 76 28 10 121 11 18 1 265
Mabalacat 28 1 3 20 1 2 2 57
Total 703 166 57 729 93 144 38 1,930
% 36.42 8.60 2.95 37.77 4.82 7.46 1.97 100.00
Note: A - Proximity to workplace, B - Family ties, C - Proximity to livelihood & family ties, D - Near Church, E -
Family ties & got married, F - Family ties & near school, G - Got married

1.13.5 Reasons for Returning to Current Location

Multiple responses were gathered from respondents as to the reasons for returning
to their current location. The main reason cited by most of the returnees is that there
was no work or livelihood opportunities available at the relocation site. Others stated
that there was no access to public transportation, no near educational facilities, no
access to/provision of utilities (i.e. electricity and water), and no available healthcare
facilities while the rest mentioned that not enough houses were available at the
relocation site, they got married and decided to build their own home, the relocation
house is very small, the site is flood- prone, houses were not finished, and that the
place is disorganized. The reasons cited by the returnees should be noted and
considered in resettlement planning, design, and implementation to avoid
encountering the same problems.

67
1.13.6 Relocation Preferences

To aid in resettlement planning, the survey also gathered the households’

preferred relocation sites. Multiple responses were also provided by the respondents
as to their preference. Majority of the households (66.88%) expressed their desire to
be relocated in the same barangay, while 30.44% preferred within the same
city/municipality. A small percentage preferred to move outside Metro Manila
(1.94%) while others preferred within Metro Manila (0.75%).

Table 29 Household Relocation Preferences

Outside of
City/ Same In City/ Metro
Metro Total
Municipality Barangay Municipality Manila
Manila
Malolos 44 21 1 3 69
Calumpit 175 67 3 8 253
Apalit 1 1 0 1 3
Sto. Tomas 109 49 1 2 161
San Fernando 500 176 1 11 688
Angeles 76 103 4 1 184
Mabalacat 165 70 2 5 242
Total 1,070 487 12 31 1,600
% 66.88 30.44 0.75 1.94 100.00

Multiple responses were also gathered on respondents’ considerations. Among

the key considerations for these preferences are to be near work//livelihood
opportunities (25.61%), near school (17.15%), near market/malls (14.71%), access to
public transportation (11.38%), be near hospitals or health facilities (9.41%), access
to basic utilities (i.e. electricity and water) (9.41%), near church (6.06%), and near
recreational facilities (3.08%). Other reasons cited are having a safe, quiet and
peaceful place to live in, near main roads, flood-free, with decent housing that has
roof where we can already live in, clean surroundings, near our current livelihoods,
with sufficient lands to have bigger lot spaces, among others.

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 Table 30 Considerations for Relocation Preference among Households

1.14 Profile of Affected Businesses within the ROW

This section describes the profile of the various businesses that will be
potentially affected by the project. A total of 310 businesses were tagged and
interviewed to seek information on business ownership, type of operations,
employment, and incomes among others. Majority of the affected businesses are
concentrated in Calumpit (167) while the rest are in Angeles (71), San Fernando (58),
Malolos (12), Mabalacat (2), and Sto. Tomas (1). No business will be potentially
affected in Apalit.
1.14.1 Type of Business Ownership
Majority of potentially affected businesses are owned under single proprietorship
(96.45%) and only two businesses are under a partnership. There are seven
businesses owned by a corporation and two businesses whose ownership type was
specified under “Others” specifically, a Jeepney Drivers and Operators Association
and a Public School.

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 1.14.2 Type of Business Operation

Table 31 below provides information on the type of business operation among

potentially affected businesses. Most of the businesses (39.68%) are related to
trading/retailing. Other potentially affected business operations are realty/space
rentals (5.48%), restaurants (11.29%), personal services (10.00%), home/small-scale
industries (8.06%), manufacturing (4.19%), service contracting (3.23%), and transport
(0.97%). Other categories include computer rental, water refilling, among others

Table 31 Type of Business Operation

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 Table 32 Type of Business Operation by Gender

1.14.3 Length of Business Operation

In terms of length, 35.48% of the businesses have been in operation for 1-5 years.
Others indicated 610 years in operation (23.55%), 16-20 years (9.68%), and 11-15
years (7.74%). Notably, there are 37 businesses which have been operating for more
than 20 years while 34 businesses are operating for a year or less. Two
establishments did not indicate the length of their operation.

Table 33 Number of Years of Business Operation

City/ < 1 year 11-15 16-20

1-5 yr. 6-10 yr. 20+ yr. N/R Total
Municipality yr. yr.
Malolos 2 6 3 1 0 0 0 12
Calumpit 16 57 43 15 18 17 0 166
Apalit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sto. Tomas 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
San Fernando 4 19 13 2 6 13 1 58
Angeles 12 28 12 6 5 7 1 71
Mabalacat 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
Total 34 110 73 24 30 37 2 310
% 10.97 35.48 23.55 7.74 9.68 11.94 0.65 100.00

71
 1.14.4 Number of Employees

Employees, as defined in this RAP, are those who are employed in a commercial
or industrial establishment which would be displaced by the project and lose their job
due to closure of business or laying off as a result of minimized operation.

A total of 1,269 employees were reported by business establishments. Of these

number, majority belong to the rank and file (88.73%), 7.57% are among mid-level
management, while about 3.70% belong to senior level management. The greatest
number of potentially affected employees are in Calumpit (735), followed by San
Fernando (300), Angeles (131), Mabalacat (38), Malolos (25), and Sto. Tomas (20)

Table 33 Number of Employees

1.14.5 Employee Salary

Based on the information provided by 126 businesses, the total average monthly
salary of all employees is pegged at PhP49,550. For rank and file, the average
monthly salary is PhP21,337, while for mid-level employees is PhP17,230 and
PhP20,152 for senior management.

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 Table 34 Average Monthly Employee Salary

1.14.6 Business Permits/License

Majority of the business establishments (67.10%) surveyed claimed that they

have a license to operate and are registered with either the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and/or their respective
LGUs. The remaining 29.03% do not have any license or registration while 3.87%
did not provide any information.

Table 35 Business License/Permit

With
license/registered
City/
(license/business Without License No Response Total
Municipality registration
DTI/SEC)
Malolos 11 1 0 12
Calumpit 126 39 1 166
Apalit 0 0 0 0
Sto. Tomas 1 0 0 1
San Fernando 32 25 1 58
Angeles 36 25 10 71
Mabalacat 2 0 0 2
Total 208 90 12 310
% 67.10 29.03 3.87 100.00

73
1.15 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials and Tenure

Tables 36 indicates that most housing units in Angeles City are roofed with
galvanized iron/aluminum material having 91.44% or 100,215 out of the total number
of occupied housing. Table 37 shows that 90,539 or 82.61% of the occupied housing
has outer walls made up of Concrete/Brick/Stone.

Table 36 Occupied Housing Units By Construction Materials Of The Roof In Angeles

City, 2018
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS NUMBER OF % OF

OCCUPIED TOTAL

OF THE ROOFTOTAL 109,595 100%

Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 100,215 91.44

Tile/Concrete/Clay Tile 1,204 1.10

Half Galvanized Iron & Half Concrete 3,937 3.59

Wood 3,090 2.82

Cogon/Nipa/Anahaw 516 0.47

Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials 585 0.53

Asbestos/others 84 0.07

Not reported 7 0.007

Source: PSA Census, Base Year 2010 & 2015

Note: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding
Table 37 occupied housing units by construction materials of
The outer walls in Angeles City, 2018
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF THE NUMBER OF % OF TOTAL

OUTER WALLS OCCUPIED

TOTAL 109,595 100%

Concrete/Brick/Stone 90,539 82.61

Wood 6,898 6.29

74
 Half Concrete/Brick/Stone& Half wood 10,016 9.14

Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 577 0.53

Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa 747 0.68

Asbestos 5 0.004

Glass 27 0.02

Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials 592 0.54

Others/Not Reported 188 0.17

No walls 6 0.006

1.16 Focus Group Discussions

This Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted as part of the consultation with
the vulnerable sectors affected by the proposed MCRP. The vulnerable sectors
covered by this FGDs will only be limited to the poor, the underprivileged, and the
homeless, including socialized housing beneficiaries.

1.16.1FGD with Affected Business Sector

Source: Environmental Impact Statement Report (EISR) PNR CLARK PHASE 2 (MALOLOS-CLARK RAILWAY)

75
 FGD with Affected Vulnerable Sector

There was so much anxiety among participants regarding their plight as a result of the
project. Concerns were mostly centered on where they will be relocated and what will
happen to their lives in the relocation site rather than its effect on their livelihood.
Although they were not hostile, it was difficult to draw out responses on the
livelihood topic. The feedback was that they can easily reestablish their lives and
sources of income once they know where they will be relocated

76
Source: Environmental Impact Statement Report (EISR) PNR CLARK PHASE 2 (MALOLOS-CLARK RAILWAY)

77
Source: Environmental Impact Statement Report (EISR) PNR CLARK PHASE 2 (MALOLOS-CLARK RAILWAY)

PROJECT

1.17 Ressetlement Budget (Report by JICA)

78
2.0 Site Photos

Site A
Located at Brgy. Cutud Angeles City Pampanga. With an area of 8.97 Hectare

79
North View

80
South View

West View

East View

81
 Site B

Located at Brgy. Sapalibutad Angeles City Pampanga with an Area of 4.28 hectare

82
North View

West view

83
 Site C

Located at Brgy. Cutud Angeles City Pampanga. With an area of 8.97 Hectare

84
West View

South View

85
86
87
4. Site Inventory/Site Condition

Data on Site and Its Immediate Context

A. Physical

1. Geology and Soil

Angeles City is located in the Province of Pampanga, Central Luzon Region,
Philippines. It is bounded by Mabalacat City in the north, Mexico in the east, City of
San Fernando in the southeast, and Porac in the southwest. Figure 7-1 below shows
the immediate environs of Angeles City with respect to the province of Pampanga,
Central Luzon, and the Philippines.

Figure 19 Vicinity Map of Angeles City

Angeles City is approximately 83 kilometers north of Manila from the Rizal

Monument in Luneta Park to the old City Hall in the city poblacion. It can be
accessed through the MacArthur Highway, the newly rehabilitated North Luzon
Expressway (NLEx), and the newly constructed Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway
(SCTEx).

88
 Soil Type
Angeles City has two distinct soil types: Angeles Coarse Sand and Angeles Fine
Sand. These soils are well drained and friable which make them suitable both for
settlements development and agriculture. Sandy soils being porous have high water
absorption capacity and easily drains after a heavy downpour. The estimated
composition of fine sand, silt and clay for the different soil types of Angeles City is
found in Table 20
Table 38 The Predominant Soil Types in Angeles City,
and their Percentage (%) composition of Sand, Silt and Clay
Percentage (%) Composition
No. Soil Type
Sand Slit Clay

71 Angeles Coarse Sand 94.5 2 3.5

73 Angeles Fine Sand 79.5 14 5.5

In addition to organic matter or humus, a soil consists of three particles: clay, silt,
and sand. Clay particles have an estimated size at the maximum of 0.002 millimeters
across. The size of silt ranged from 0.002 – 0.05 millimeters. Sand, on the other hand,
has a width ranging from 0.05 - 2.00 millimeter. Angeles Coarse Sand is made up of
94.5% sand, 2% silt, and 3.5% clay. On the other hand, Angeles Fine Sand is
composed of 79.5% sand, 14% silt, and 5.5% clay.
These textural descriptions of the topsoils found in Angeles City indicate that the
area drains well internally. Yet the city experiences localized flooding during rainy
season and this is caused by the new land cover –concrete pavement. As lands are
being covered by concrete, rainwater can no longer percolate into the sandy soil but
goes to the storm drainage canals, which unfortunately have limited capacities. Some
recommendations and doable solutions to this concern are found in the environmental
management chapter of this document. In brief though, the city must implement
water-sensitive urban development designs that will not hamper the penetration of
rainwater into the soil, such as the use of permeable paving blocks, construction of
infiltration ponds and canals, among others.

89
2. Water

Local Drainage and Water Bodies

As previously discussed, the general slope direction of Angeles City follows the
west to east orientation. The city’s main drainage outlet is the Abacan River (the other
rivers and water channels found in Angeles City are shown in Figure 7-6). The
interaction of slope, sandy soil, and presence of numerous creeks and a relatively
large river make Angeles City well drained and flood-free. However, due to existing
land uses and human activities, localized flooding is being experienced in some parts
of the city during the rainy season.
Being highly urbanized, most of its lands in the built-up areas are already paved.
Paved surfaces cannot absorb rainwater and therefore deter infiltration into the soil no
matter how sandy it is. Storm drainage canals constructed several years back now
easily overflow because they have already reached their peak flood capacity. These
inherent weaknesses are amplified by other factors which include but not limited to: i)
encroachment of road right-of-way (illegal and formal settlers), ii) siltation of water
channels, iii) indiscriminate disposal of garbage, and to certain extent, iv) unplanned
and unregulated property development.

Figure 20 Rivers and creeks in Angeles City

90
Site

Water Ways
Existing Drainage

91
3. Topography

Site is Relatively Flat

Topographic map Above Sea level

SITE

Flood Hazard Map

92
4. Climate

In Angeles City, the wet season is oppressive and overcast, the dry season is muggy
and partly cloudy, and it is hot year round. Over the course of the year, the
temperature typically varies from 71°F to 94°F and is rarely below 67°F or
above 97°F.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best time of year to visit Angeles City for hot-
weather activities is from early December to mid April

Temperature

The hot season lasts for 1.6 months, from March 28 to May 14, with an average daily
high temperature above 92°F. The hottest day of the year is April 22, with an average
high of 94°F and low of 77°F.

The cool season lasts for 2.7 months, from November 15 to February 7, with an
average daily high temperature below 87°F. The coldest day of the year is January
16, with an average low of 71°F and high of 86°F.

93
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly
average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the
hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Clouds

In Angeles City, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds

experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

94
The clearer part of the year in Angeles City begins around November 19 and lasts
for 5.1 months, ending around April 23. On February 26, the clearest day of the year,
the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 55% of the time, and overcast or mostly
cloudy 45% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around April 23 and lasts for 6.9 months, ending
around November 19. On June 6, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky
is overcast or mostly cloudy 93% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly
cloudy 7% of the time.

Precipitation

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation.
The chance of wet days in Angeles City varies very significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 5.0 months, from May 16 to October 15, with a greater
than 40% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks
at 77% on August 12.

The drier season lasts 7.0 months, from October 15 to May 16. The smallest chance
of a wet day is 4% on January 16.

95
Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow
alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of
precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability
of 77% on August 12.

Rainfall
To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the
rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the
year. Angeles City experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 9.5 months, from March 22 to January 7, with a
sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days
centered around August 7, with an average total accumulation of 21.3 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.5 months, from January 7 to March 22.
The least rain falls around January 23, with an average total accumulation of 0.3
inches.

96
 Sun

The length of the day in Angeles City varies over the course of the year. In 2019, the
shortest day is December 22, with 11 hours, 14 minutes of daylight; the longest day
is June 21, with 13 hours, 2 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise is at 5:26 AM on June 3, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 1

minute later at 6:27 AM on January 22. The earliest sunset is at 5:24

PM on November 22, and the latest sunset is 1 hour, 8 minutes later at 6:32
PM on July 8.
Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Angeles City during 2019.

97
 Humidity

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether
perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points
feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically
varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so
while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a
muggy night.

Angeles City experiences significant seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 9.7 months, from March 9 to December 31,
during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at
least 69% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is August 5, with muggy
conditions 100% of the time.

The least muggy day of the year is January 29, with muggy conditions 58% of the
time

98
 Wind

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction)
at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly
dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and
direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Angeles City experiences significant seasonal
variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from November 5 to April 8, with
average wind speeds of more than 7.2 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year
is December 19, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.7 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.9 months, from April 8 to November 5.
The calmest day of the year is October 2, with an average hourly wind speed of 5.7
miles per hour.

99
The predominant average hourly wind direction in Angeles City varies throughout the
year.

The wind is most often from the west for 2.9 weeks, from May 24 to June 13 and
for 2.9 months, from July 2 to September 28, with a peak percentage
of 57% on August 19. The wind is most often from the south for 2.7 weeks, from June
13 to July 2, with a peak percentage of 36% on June 22. The wind is most often from
the east for 7.9 months, from September 28 to May 24, with a peak percentage
of 85% on January 1.

100
 Water Temperature

Angeles City is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake).
This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences some seasonal variation over the course of
the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 2.7 months, from April 25 to July 16,
with an average temperature above 85°F. The day of the year with the warmest water
is May 30, with an average temperature of 86°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 2.5 months, from December 23 to March
9, with an average temperature below 81°F. The day of the year with the coolest
water is January 28, with an average temperature of 80°F.

Solar Energy

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the
surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in
the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by
clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light
and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences some seasonal
variation over the course of the year.

101
The brighter period of the year lasts for 2.2 months, from February 22 to April 30,
with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.1 kWh.
The brightest day of the year is March 31, with an average of 6.6 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.3 months, from June 5 to October 13, with an
average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 4.6 kWh.
The darkest day of the year is August 19, with an average of 4.0 kWh.

102
5. Ecology

 Dominant Plant/animal communities:

Mango

6. Man-made Structure

 Circulation facilities (roads, paths, rails, transit, etc.)

103
  Utilities (Storm and Sanitary sewers, water, gas, electricity, telephone,

stream, etc.)

o Water District, Cutud Angeles City, Pampanga

B. Cultural Data

1. Resident and using population

 Number and composition

Cutud is a barangay in the city of Angeles. Its population as determined by the

2015 Census was 23,177. This represented 5.63% of the total population of Angeles.

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Cutud

is 5 to 9, with 2,542 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population

is 80 and over, with 71 individuals.

Details

Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young

dependent population which include infants/babies, children and young

adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 32.03% (7,423). Those aged 15 up to

104
64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential members of

the work force, constitute a total of 65.39% (15,155). Finally, old dependent

population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 2.58% (599)

in all.

The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of Cutud,

there are 49 youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there are 4

aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the working population; and overall, there are 53

dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working population.

The median age of 24 indicates that half of the entire population of Cutud are aged

less than 24 and the other half are over the age of 24.

Age group Population Age group percentage

(2015)

Under 1 530 2.29%

1 to 4 2,011 8.68%

5 to 9 2,542 10.97%

10 to 14 2,340 10.10%

15 to 19 2,337 10.08%

20 to 24 2,289 9.88%

25 to 29 2,231 9.63%

30 to 34 1,905 8.22%

35 to 39 1,690 7.29%

40 to 44 1,342 5.79%

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 Age group Population Age group percentage

(2015)

45 to 49 1,181 5.10%

50 to 54 934 4.03%

55 to 59 738 3.18%

60 to 64 508 2.19%

65 to 69 301 1.30%

70 to 74 153 0.66%

75 to 79 74 0.32%

80 and over 71 0.31%

Total 23,177 100.00%

Youth Dependency Ratio: 48.98

Old Age Dependency Ratio: 3.95
Total Dependency Ratio: 52.93
Median Age: 23.99

Table 39 Individual age groups Aggregate age groups

Historical of population

The population of Cutud grew from 1,290 in 1990 to 23,177 in 2015, an

increase of 21,887 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive growth

rate of 6.64%, or an increase of 6,646 people, from the previous population of 16,531

in 2010.

106
 Census Population Growth rate

date

1990 May 1 1,290 –

1995 Sep 1 2,129 9.84%

2000 May 1 2,230 1.00%

2007 Aug 1 5,434 13.07%

2010 May 1 16,531 49.93%

2015 Aug 1 23,177 6.64%

Location
Cutud is situated at approximately 15.1668, 120.6483, in the island of Luzon.
Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 49.0 meters or 160.8 feet above mean
sea level.

107
2. Social structures and institution

This is the social structures and institution nearby the site neighboring village

Northville 51 and Purda Verde Subdivision.

 Churches

o Church of God World Missions, Philippines

o Ang Dating Daan (Cutud)

o Iglesia ni Cristo – Lokal ng Cutud (Angeles)

o Church of Christ the Savior Worship Services

 Institutional

o Cutud Elementary School

o Young Builders School

o Trinidad School

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3. Economic Structure

The site is far from the town’s public market which that need to ride a jeep

go through there. Then the neighboring site had other business sort of

simple businesses that acquired for the kind of business near by the main

road. (Hardware, Canteen, Stores, and others)

4. Political Structure

There is a political project/structure near that the other affected families of

the Philippine National Railway (PNR) project where relocate nearby the

site (Northville 15 Resettlement).

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110
2. Site values, right and restraints

 Transfer Certificate of Title of the Lot

111
 Lot Description

112
3. Past and Future
 Site History and its traces ( Old trace of Cutud)

Cutud is a barangay in the city of Angeles. Its population as

determined by the 2015 Census was 23,177. This represented 5.63% of the
total population of Angeles.

Adjacent barangays

Cutud shares a common border with the following barangay(s):

 Pulung Cacutud, Angeles
 Balibago, Angeles
 Duquit, Mabalacat, Pampanga
 Sapang Maisac, Mexico, Pampanga

113
3. SITE SELECTION RATING
From Site Planning by Kevin Linch; M.I.T. Press Massachusetts. 1979
CRITERIA Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
I. REGIONAL
Climate (temperature, storms, rainfall, etc.) 4 4 4
Soils (stability, fertility, depth) 5 5 5
Water supply and quality 5 5 5
Economy (rising, stable, declining) 5 5 5
Transportation (highways and transit) 5 2 2
Energy (availability and relative cost) 5 5 5
Landscape character 5 4 4
Cultural opportunities 3 3 3
Employment opportunites 5 5 5
Health care facilities 5 5 5
Major detractions (list and describe)
Exeptional features (list and describe)

II. COMMUNITY
Travel (time-distance to work, shopping etc.) 5 4 4
Travel experience (pleasant or unpleasant) 5 3 3
Community ambience 5 3 3
Schools 5 5 5
Shopping 5 4 4
Churches 5 4 4
Cultural opportunities (library, auditorium) 3 3 3
Public services (fire, police, etc.) 5 4 4
Safety and security 5 3 3
Medical facilities 5 5 5
Governance 5 5 5
Taxes
Major detraction (list and describe)
Exceptional features (list and describe)

III. NEIGHBORHOOD
Landscape character 5 4 4
Lifestyle 5 3 3
Compatibility of proposed uses 5 5 5
Trafficways (access, hazard, attractiveness) 5 3 3
Schools 5 5 5
Convenieces (schools, service, etc.) 5 4 4

86
 Parks, recreation and open space 5 4 4
Exposure (sun, wind, stroms, planning) 5 5 5
Freedom from noise, fumes, etc. 3 5 5
Utilities (availabity and cost) 5 4 4
Major detraction (list and describe)
Exceptional features (list and describe)

IV. PROPERTY
Size and shape (suitability) 5 3 5
Aspect from approaches 5 3 3
Safe entrance 5 4 4
On-site "feel" 5 3 3
Permanent trees and cover 5 2 1
Need for clearing 5 4 4

CRITERIA Site 1 Site 2 Site 3

Ground forms and gradients 5 5 5
Soils (quality and depth) 5 5 5
Relative cost of earthwork and foundation 5 5 5
Site damage 5 5 5
Adjacent structures (or lack of) 5 2 2
Neighbors 5 4 4
Relationship to circulation patterns 5 3 3
Relative cost of land and development 5 5 5
Major detraction (list and describe)
Exceptional features (list and describe)

V. BUILDING SITE
Topographic "fit" of programmed user 5 5 5
Gradient of approaches 5 5 5
Safe distance at entrance drive 5 4 4
Orientation to sun, wind and breeze 5 5 5
Views 5 5 5
Privacy 5 5 5
Freedom from noise and glare 3 5 5
Visual impact of neighboring uses 5 3 3
Visual impact upon neighboring uses 5 3 3
Proximity of utility leads
TOTAL

87
 CHAPTER 4

Architectural Programming

1. Site Analysis

114
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2. SWOT Analysis

118
3. Standard

119
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127
Department of Environment and Natural resources (DENR) Guidelines

DENR Administrative Order No. 2000- 21

Revised Guidelines In The Issuance Of Private Land Timber Permit/Special
Private Land Timber Permit (PLTP/SPLTP).

SEC. 12. Prohibitions - The cutting and/or transport of naturally grown trees
under PLTP/SPLTP shall be subject to the following limitations:

12.1 No cutting of trees within 20 meters on both sides of the road unless such
trees have been determined to pose danger to life and property
.
12.2 No cutting of trees on a strip 20 meters wide on both sides of creeks or
rivers bordering or traversing private land, for stream bank protection. Provided
that in case said 20-meter strip is bereft of trees, the same shall be reforested by the
permittee.

12.3 In areas covered by the logging ban/moratorium, no round log or lumber

shall be transported outside the province where the PLTP/SPLTP is located unless
authorized by the Secretary, DENR. 12.4 Selective cutting shall be undertaken in
areas 18% in slope or greater.

128
4. Ativity Flow Diagram

129
5. Calculation

Parkings

Specific Uses or of Reference Uses or Minimum Required

Occupancy (refer to Character of Occupancies Parking slot. Parking
section701 of this rule) Or Type of Bldg. Structure area Loading Space
Requirements
Units Located in Unit with a Gross Floor
Townhouses (R-4) Area above 50.00Sqm
Building/Structures Provide one(1) Parking
regardless of Number of
Slot for each unit.
Storey.

Note: The Parking Sot Requirement Shall be an Integral Part Of building/Structures

and any parking lot provided outside the building Structure will be quantified only as
buffer parking

Dwelling Qty Area per Unit Parking SLot

Town Houses 197 UNITS sqm 197

Source: PD1096 (National Building Code Of The Philippine)

For R4 Individual Townhouse Lot (Corner Through Lot) =A =120 sqm

TGFA- 80%
PS0 – 80%

SITE OCCUPANCY

Zoning Classification: R-4 w/ Firewalls

Type of Lot: Corner Through Lot

Lot Area: 89, 756 sqm.

130
 Computation by Percentage Method:

AMBF = 80% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .80

= 71, 804.80 sqm

PSO = AMBF or 80%

ISA (Max) = 10% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .10

= 8, 975.60 sqm

USA (Min) = 10% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .10

= 8, 975.60 sqm

TOSL = ISA + USA or 20% of TLA

= 8, 975.6 sqm + 8, 975.6 sqm

= 17, 851.20 sqm

DISTRIBUTION OF SPACES

COMMERCIAL/ RESIDENTIAL OPEN SPACE

TRAINING
10% = 8,975.6 sqm 50% = 44, 878sqm 40% = 35,902.4 sqm
FLAR: 1.70 – 3.00 FLAR: 1.60 – 1.80 P.D. 1216 = 30%
minimum open
PSO : 70% PSO: 80%
space requirement
USA : 10 % USA:
Setback front: 6m 10%

131
 Min Development Max Development Optimum Dev’t.
Com 1.70 – 3.00 = 15, 258.5 Com 1.70 – 3.00 = 26, 926.8 Based on PSO=70%
/ 3 max sty / 5 max sty for Commercial 1
5,086.17/FLR 8, 975.6/FLR
Use Min Dev’t.
= 5, 086.17

Check list: Check list: PSO = 6, 282.92 sqm

BHL Req’s. - applicable
Setback Req’s. - applicable
BHL – not applicable
Setback – not applicable The remaining
occupancy will be
allotted for the future
expansion.

Initial FLAR
= 5, 266.91
= 1.70 FLAR

Occupant Load for Commercial Spaces

List of Enterprises Qty. Space Factor Area / Space Total Area

Sari-Sari Store 29 1.0 35.05 sqm 771 sqm
Food Catering 9 1.5 128.50 sqm 1156.50 sqm
Salon 6 1.5 35.05 sqm 210.36 sqm
Tailor 1 1.5 35.05 sqm 35.05 sqm
Vulcanizing Shop 1 1.0 10 sqm 10 sqm
Others 30 1.0 25.70 sqm 771 sqm
Trading / Retail 28 1.0 27.54 sqm 771 sqm
Training / Wokshop / Seminar - 1.5 - 1542 sqm
TOTAL: 5,077 sqm

Occupant Loads for Residential

Total No. of Affected Household

Formal Settler Families/Household -21
Informal Settler Families/Household-176

household 1-2 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 10< NR Total Ave.

52 77 51 13 3 2 0 197 4
Total= 197 Households

Household Size
Source JICA(Japan International Cooperation Agency)
132
Exits (Fire Code)

A. Fire Escape Stairs 1. General a. Fire escape stairs (not those under Section 10.2.5.4
and 10.2.5.5 of this IRR) may be used in required means of egress only in existing
buildings, subject to the applicable provisions of Divisions 8 through 17 of this
Chapter. Fire escape stairs shall not constitute more than (50%) percent of the
required exit capacity in any case. Fire escape stairs shall not be accepted as
constituting any part of the required means of egress for new buildings. b. Fire escape
shall provide a continuous unobstructed safe path of travel to the ground or other safe
area of refuge to which they lead. Where the fire escape is not continuous, as in cases
where stairs lead to an adjoining roof, which must be clearly indicated, and suitable
walkways with handrails shall be provided where necessary. Where a single means of
egress consists of a combination of inside stairs and fire escape stairs, each shall
comply with the applicable provision of this Chapter, and the two shall be so arranged
and connected as to provide a continuous safe path of travel.
Capacity of Exits 1. The capacity of means of egress shall be in accordance with
Section 10.2.5.2 paragraph C or shall be in accordance with succeeding paragraph for
means of egress serving theater-type seating or similar seating arranged in rows. 2.
Minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress serving theater-type seating,
or similar seating arranged in rows, shall be in accordance with Table 11 below.

EXIT DETAILS

A. Capacity of Exits

1. The capacity of means of egress shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2

paragraph C or shall be in accordance with succeeding paragraph for means of egress
serving theater-type seating or similar seating arranged in rows.
2. Minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress serving theater-type
seating, or similar seating arranged in rows, shall be in accordance with Table 11
below.

133
3. The minimum clear widths shown in Table 11 shall be modified in accordance with
all of the following:
a. If risers exceed one hundred seventy-eight millimeters (178 mm) in
height, multiply the stair width in Table 8 by factor A, where
A = 1 + (RISER HEIGHT – 178/125)
b. Stairs without a handrail located within a seven hundred sixty millimeters (760
mm) horizontal distance shall be 25 percent wider than otherwise calculated, that is,
multiply by factor B = 1.25.
c. Ramps steeper than 1 in 10 slope where used in ascent shall have their widths
increased by 10 percent, that is, multiply by factor C = 1.10. B

B. Minimum Number of Exit

The number of exits shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 para “G” of this IRR

C. Location of Exits

1. Main Exit
Every assembly occupancy shall be provided with a main exit. The main exit shall be
of sufficient width to accommodate one-half (1/2) of the total occupant load, but shall
be not less than the total required width of all aisles, exit passageways and stairways
leading thereto, and shall connect to a stairway or ramp leading to a street.

2. Other Exits

Each level of an assembly occupancy shall have access to the main exit and an
addition shall be provided with exits of sufficient width to accommodate two-thirds
(2/3) of the total occupant load served by that level. Such exits shall open directly to a
street or into an exit court, enclosed stairway, outside stairway, or exit passageway

134
leading to a street. Such exits shall be located as far apart and as far from the main
exits as practicable. Such exits shall be accessible from a cross aisle or a side aisle

D. Minimum Corridor Width

The width of any exit access corridor serving 50 or more persons shall not be less than
one hundred twelve centimeters (112 cm).

E. Travel Distance To Exits

Exits shall be so arranged that the total length of travel from any point to reach an exit
will not exceed forty six (46) meters in any place of assembly for spaces not protected
by approved, supervised sprinkler system and sixty one (61) meters in areas so
protected.

6. Justification of Space

ITEM SPACE DEFINITION

I Dwelling Unit

Parking Slot A parking space is a location that is

designated for parking, either paved or
unpaved. ... The space may be delineated
by road surface markings. The
automobile fits inside the space, either by
parallel parking, perpendicular parking or
angled parking.
Porch a covered shelter projecting in front of
the entrance of a building
Living The room intended for general family use

Dining The space where the occupants eat

Together
kitchen a room or area where food is prepared
and cooked.
Sleeping Area Place where people sleep

135
 Service Area/Laundry Its main purpose is for laundering and
drying of Clothes
Mezzanine floor A mezzanine floor is an
intermediate floor between main floors of
a building, and therefore typically not
counted among the overall floors of a
building. Often, a mezzanine is low-
ceilinged and projects in the form of a
balcony
Toilet & Bath It’s a room provided with a toilet and
shower area for personal hygiene
Activities
Extension An extension is a new room or building
which is added to an existing building or
group of buildings. ... An extension is an
extra period of time for which something
lasts or is valid, usually as a result of
official permission.
II Open Space
Park It is a public space land in neighborhood
that can be used for exercise and
Activities
Playgrounds Outdoor area where Children can play
and are usually provided with equipment
such as swing and slides
Bike lane A lane used b cyclists

III Community
Facilities
Health Center a building or establishment housing local
medical services
Daycare Center also called day nursery, nursery school,
or crèche (French: “crib”), institution that
provides supervision and care of infants
and young children during the daytime,
particularly so that their parents can hold
jobs.
Multi Purpose Center
IV Communal Space
Workspace space in which to work
Common Room Place where They can meet and Share
thing
Common Service area A place where they can meet and help
each other in service like cooking
,laundry etc.
V Commercial Stall
Small Retail is the process of selling consumer goods
or services to customers through multiple
136
 channels of distribution to earn a profi
stall A place where they can sell their Product
VI Transportation
Parking

Small terminal for

Sitoda

137
Justification of Space

Dwelling Units (197)

Area Area Per No. Of Users Total Floor
Person Area
Living - -
Dining -
Kitchen - -
bedroom - -
Toilet & Bath - -
Carport - -
Service Area - -
Future - -
Extension Room
Total 771 18,912sqm
Community
Facility
Health Center
Vestibule - -
Lobby - -
Waiting Room - -
Pharmacy/Stor - -
age
Consultation - -
room
Examination - -
Room
Restroom - -
Lounge - -
Electrical - -
Room
Mechanical - -
Room
Total 96sqm
Basketball Court

Daycare Center
Classroom - -
-Music area
-Art area
-Large Motor
Area
Discover Area

Restroom - -
138
 Kitchen - -
Storage - -
Total 145Sqm
Chapel
Narthex - -
Nave - -
Chancel - -
-Choir
-Altar
Toilet - -
-Men
-Women
Office - -
Storage - -
Total 1480sqm
Material Recovery Facility
-Receiving
/Tipping Area
-Sorting
Processing Area
-Storage Area
for Recyclables
-Equipment
Area 165sqm
-Residual
Storage Area
-Loading Area
for Processed
Recyclable
-Electrical
Room
-Utility Room

Transportation
Tricycle
(Sitoda) terminal
Jeepney Drop
off
Total 100sqm

Administration Office
Vestibule - -
Lounge - -
Office - -
Kitchen - -
Dining - -
139
 Comfort Room - -
Service Area - -
Total 250sqm
Multipurpose Hall
Function - -
Room
Service Area - -
Kitchen - -
Comfort Room - -
-men
-Women
Total 925sqm
Livelihood Facility and Communal Space
Training Center
Training room
WorkShop
Area
Seminar/Study
Room
Comfort Room
-Men
-Women
Total 385.5sqm
Exhibition Area
Room
Total 385.5sqm

Common Room
Watch Room
Common
Dining Room
Total 385.5sqm
Common Service Area
Common
Kitchen Room
Common
Laundry Area
Total 385.5sqm
Commercial
Trading and
Retail
Stall
Total 3720.91sqm

140
7. Interrelationship Diagram

141
142
8. Environmental Impact Statements (brief statements)
i. Category C. Projects intended to directly enhance environmental
quality or address existing environmental problems not falling under
Category A or B.
ii. Project’s Impact and Risks to the Environment
 Environmental risks like Cutting of Existing trees on the site and other
life resources.
 Project impact will help Angeles Pampanga to reduce sprawl of
informal Settler living in risk environment and give them a decent life.
iii. Benefits vs Negative
 Benefits
o Infinite access to any roads especially inside the subdivision.
o Wide space even the perimeter.
o The other side of the site is a village of town houses.
o Highly spots of people in the area.
o Connected to the main roads of the area.
o Near the busy roads of Angeles.
o Near the Tricycle station and loading/unloading of Buses/Jeepneys.
o Definite Access to any business especially food stops or
convenience stores.
 Negatives
o Too far from the town’s public market, city hall and other basic
accommodations of Angeles City (need to ride a jeep to go on the
main city of Angeles.)
o No drainage/clean sewers on the main site (only a dirty riverside)
o No designated pedestrian lanes.
o Usually a spot of mild traffic flow.
o Slow pace in terms of small business (ex. Karinderia, Sari-sari
Store, street foods or other small businesses)
o No designated waiting sheds/stopover/s for loading/unloading
buses and jeepneys
o The site only has a nearby tricycle terminal
o Society impact of noise pollution

143
9. Financial Feasibility

Estimated Project Cost

Lot Acquisition
Area Sqm.

Lot Area 89,750 sqm

Lot Ownership Ana Geraldine R. Guiao
Salustiano R Guiao
Unit Cost 534, 653 Php
ZoningValue 13,462,500

Land Development Cost

Area Total Lot Gross Floor Cost/sqm Total
Area Area (Php.) Cost(Php)
Major R.R.O.W 10m - 450sqm 1500 675,000
Pathway 3.0m - - -
Minor road 6.5m - 11,180sqm 150016,770,000
Motor Court 6.0m
Alley 2.0m
Landscape, Playground 6% of 5385 sqm. 1,000.00 5,385000
Park TLA
25% Of TLA allotted For Road (Time saver Building Types)
Major, minor roads and motor court for economic and socialized
housing projects shall be paved with asphalt with minimum thickness of 50
millimeters or concrete with minimum thickness of 150 millimeters and a
minimum compressive strength of 20.7 Mpa at 28 days.

Dwelling Unit (R4)

Area Standard/Minimum GFA Cost Total Cost
(php) (Php)
Dining
Kitchen
Bedroom
Toilet & Bath
Carport
Laundry/Service
area
Housing Unit 40 sqm 30 sqm - 392,000.00
Land Cost (40 - - - 53,333.00
sqm)
Land Dev’t - - - 89,320.00
Total 197 units 7880 sqm 5910 sqm 534,653.00 105,326,641.00

144
Total Number of Unit - TNU

TNU = 50% of Open Space / Area per Unit

TNU = 44,878 sqm / 40 sqm
TNU = 1121 UNITS

Community Facility
Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Health Center 510sqm 96sqm 15,000.00 3,800,000.00
Covered 650sqm 420sqm 10,000.00 4,200,000.00
Basketball
Court
Daycare 375sqm 145sqm 15,000.00 3,700,000.00
Center
Chapel 2000sqm 1480 sqm 15,000.00 22,200,000.00

Material - 50 sqm 14,000.00 700,000.00

recover
Facility
-Tricycle - 100sqm 2000.00 200,000.00
Terminal
-Jenney Drop 2qq 2,000.00
Off Area
Admin Office - 250sqm 20,000.00 5,000,000.00
Multi- - 925sqm 5,000.00 4,625000.00
Purpose hall
Total 44,425,000.00
Source: https://philconprices.com/
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/number-persons-buildings-d_118.html

Livelihood Facility and Communal Space

Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Training - 385.5sqm 10,000.00
Center
Exhibition - 385.5 sqm 10,000.00
Area
Common - - -
Room
Common - - -
Service Area
Total 771 sqm 10,000.00 7,710,000.00

145
Commercial Stalls
Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Trading And - - - -
Retail
Stall - - - -

Total 3720.91sqm 10000.00 37,209,100.00

Equipment and Furniture

Dwelling Units
Equipment/Furniture No. of Price/ite Total
/Fixture Item m Price(Php)
(RoughEstimate) (Php)
Dwelling -Lavatory 197 1500.00 295,500.00
Units(197) -Water Closet 197 1,290.00 254,130.00
-sink 197 600.00 118,200.00
Community Facilities
Health -Office table 5 2,750 13,750
Center -Office chair 5 1,500 7500
-Cabinet 3 6,500 19,500
-sofa 3
Covered -basketball Stand with 2 1,100 2,200
Basketball Ring
Court
Daycare -Cabinet 3 1,500 4,500
Center -Table 8 5,499 43,992
-Chairs 31 346 10,726
Toilet,Sink, Basin 2 2000 4,000

Chapel -Table 2 1500 3,000

-Chair 128 300 38,400
Material -Metal Trash bin 3 550 1,650
recover
Facility
-Tricycle Concrete Chair 1 1500 1500
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin -Table 10 2,750 27,500
Office -Chair 10 1,500 15,000
-Cabinet 3 1,500 4,500
146
 -Sofa 3 6,500 19,500
Livelihood and Communal
Training -Table 27 1,649 4,947
Center -Chair 109 400 43,600

Exhibition -Table 27 1,649 44,523

Area -Shelves 25 6,000 150,000
Common -Table 27 1,649 44,523
Room -Chair 109 400 43,600
Common -Table 109 1,649 44,523
Service -Chair 109 400 43,600
Area
Commercial Stall
Trading and -Table 12 1,649 19,788
Retail
Small Scale -Table 12 1,649 19,788
Industry
Total 1,343,976

Capital Breakdown Investment

Capital Investment Cost

Land Development Cost 22,830,000.00

Lot Acquisition 13,462,500.00

Dwelling Unit Town houses (R4) 105,326,641.00

Community Facility 44,425,000.00

Livelihood Facility and Communal 7,771,000.00

Space

Commercial Stalls 37,209,100.00

Equipment and Furniture 1,343,976.00

Total 232,368,037.00 Php

147
Operational Cost

Electric Consumption
Dwelling Units
Areas Average No. Ave. Total Usage/ KWH/
Watts Of No. of Month month
Consumption Occupants Hours
/Person Per No. of Total
day Days Wh
/month Moth

Dwelling 40Watts 771 12 31 11,472,480 11,472.48

Units(197)

Community Facilities

Health 40Watts 5 12 31 74,400 74.40

Center
Covered 40Watts 46 5 31 285,200 286.20
Basketball
Court
Daycare 40Watts 30 below 12 20 288,000 288.00
Center
Chapel 40Watts 771 12 4 1,480,320 1,480.32
Material 40Watts 5 5 4 4,000 4.00
recover
Facility
-Tricycle 40Watts 10-15 5 31 93,000 93.00
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin 40Watts 5-10 12 20 96,000 96.00
Office
Livelihood and Communal

Training 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40

Center
Exhibition 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Area
Common 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Room
Common 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Service
Area
Commercial Stall

148
 Trading 40Watts 51 12 20 489,600 489.60
and Retail
Small 40Watts 51 12 20 489,600 489.60
Scale
Industry
Total 18,959.2
Multiply Cost at 8.34 pesos
Total Electricity Cost 158,119.728

Source: Electricity Cost in Angeles City Pampanga per KWH 8.34 Pesos
Previous Thesis (Tarlac State University college Of Architecture)
Water Consumption

Dwelling Units
Water Usage No. Of Average Average Bill Total Usage
(Gal.)/Person Occupants No. Of Consumption Consumption
Days a Month / of Gallons/
used Per Cum. Month
month
Dwelling 39.6 771 30 Minimum 915,948.00
Units(197) charge
220.00Pesos
The Average Daily Demand (ADD) for both open market and medium
cost housing projects is 150 liters per capita per day (LCPD) household
connection. (Per Board Resolution No. 506, series of 1992.

Community Facilities
Health 21.6 5 31 385.00 pesos 3,348
Center
Covered 9.3 46 31 13,261.8
Basketball
Court
Daycare 30 30 below 20 18,000
Center
Chapel 9.3 771 4 28,681.2
Material 30.6 5 4 612
recover
Facility
-Tricycle 2 10-15 31 930
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin 21.5 5-10 20 4,300
Office
Livelihood and Communal

Training 18.4 109 20 40,112

Center

149
 Exhibition 18.4 109 20 40,112
Area
Common 18.4 109 20 40,112
Room
Common 12.3 109 20 26,814
Service Area
Commercial Stall
Trading and 9.5 51 20 9,690
Retail
Stall 9.5 51 20 9,690
Total 1,151,611 or 4359.32 Cubic Meter
Total Water Cost 91,850.8724
Note: Residential: 21.07 Pesos Per Cub.m
Commercial: 58.57 pesos Per Cub. m
Source: Angeles City Pampanga Water District
For Gal/Person: Previous Thesis (Tarlac State University college Of Architecture)

Maintenance Cost (Electricity Computation)

Dwelling Unit

Dwelling Unit Daily bill (Php) Monthly bill(Php) Annual bill(Php)

Lighting Load 2.09 62.63 751.56

Power load 26.69 800.84 9610.06

Total 28.78 863.47 10,361.64

Source: Visayan Electric Company

Return of Investment.

Dwelling Unit Cost

Cost per Unit= 533,000.00 Php.
Average family Income (AFI) = 10,000.00 Php.
Monthly Amortization = up to 2,445 But not less than 2,000
Consider 2,000 or 20% of Average Family Income.(AFI)
Type Of Housing Cost (Php) Term (years) Interest
Socialized 533,000.00 30 4.5%
Housing
Source: SHDA HUDCC

150
ROI
Rental Spaces (Com-1)
Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) : 5,077 sqm
Saleable: 75% = 3,807.75 sqm
Rentable Spaces = 3,807.75 X 600 Php/sqm./month
= 2,284,650 X 7 (Years)
= 15,992,550 Php

Dwelling Unit
Interest = unit Cost (4.5%)
= 534,653 (4.5%)
= 23,985 Php/ Unit
Profit (Total) = interest per Unit (197 Units)
= 23,985 (197)
= 4,725,045 Php

ROI
Return of Investment = 30 years base on PAG-IBIG amortization term.
Where interest will be doubled for every 5 years
For instance:
Monthly Amortization = 600 Php for first 5 years (Duterte Administration)
Monthly Amortization = 1200 Php for the next 10 years
Monthly Amortization = 2400 Php for 15-30 years
Source: National Housing Authority

For Additional Source of Income:

Mango Trees / 1 hectare = 100,000 Php/ Season
Open Space = 30% (26,926.8)
Mango trees income = 2.693Hectare X 100,000 Php
= 269,300 Php/Season
Source: Business Inquiry.net

151
Calculation

Parkings

Specific Uses or of Reference Uses or Minimum Required

Occupancy (refer to Character of Occupancies Parking slot. Parking
section701 of this rule) Or Type of Bldg. Structure area Loading Space
Requirements
Units Located in Unit with a Gross Floor
Townhouses (R-4) Area above 50.00Sqm
Building/Structures Provide one(1) Parking
regardless of Number of
Slot for each unit.
Storey.

Note: The Parking Sot Requirement Shall be an Integral Part Of building/Structures

and any parking lot provided outside the building Structure will be quantified only as
buffer parking

Dwelling Qty Area per Unit Parking SLot

Town Houses 197 UNITS sqm 197

Source: PD1096 (National Building Code Of The Philippine)

For R4 Individual Townhouse Lot (Corner Through Lot) =A =120 sqm

TGFA- 80%
PS0 – 80%

SITE OCCUPANCY

Zoning Classification: R-4 w/ Firewalls

Type of Lot: Corner Through Lot

Lot Area: 89, 756 sqm.

114
 Computation by Percentage Method:

AMBF = 80% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .80

= 71, 804.80 sqm

PSO = AMBF or 80%

ISA (Max) = 10% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .10

= 8, 975.60 sqm

USA (Min) = 10% of TLA

= 89, 756 sqm x .10

= 8, 975.60 sqm

TOSL = ISA + USA or 20% of TLA

= 8, 975.6 sqm + 8, 975.6 sqm

= 17, 851.20 sqm

DISTRIBUTION OF SPACES

COMMERCIAL/ RESIDENTIAL OPEN SPACE

TRAINING
10% = 8,975.6 sqm 50% = 44, 878sqm 40% = 35,902.4 sqm
FLAR: 1.70 – 3.00 FLAR: 1.60 – 1.80 P.D. 1216 = 30%
minimum open
PSO : 70% PSO: 80%
space requirement
USA : 10 % USA:
Setback front: 6m 10%

115
 Min Development Max Development Optimum Dev’t.
Com 1.70 – 3.00 = 15, 258.5 Com 1.70 – 3.00 = 26, 926.8 Based on PSO=70%
/ 3 max sty / 5 max sty for Commercial 1
5,086.17/FLR 8, 975.6/FLR
Use Min Dev’t.
= 5, 086.17

Check list: Check list: PSO = 6, 282.92 sqm

BHL Req’s. - applicable
Setback Req’s. - applicable
BHL – not applicable
Setback – not applicable The remaining
occupancy will be
allotted for the future
expansion.

Initial FLAR
= 5, 266.91
= 1.70 FLAR

Occupant Load for Commercial Spaces

List of Enterprises Qty. Space Factor Area / Space Total Area

Sari-Sari Store 29 1.0 35.05 sqm 771 sqm
Food Catering 9 1.5 128.50 sqm 1156.50 sqm
Salon 6 1.5 35.05 sqm 210.36 sqm
Tailor 1 1.5 35.05 sqm 35.05 sqm
Vulcanizing Shop 1 1.0 10 sqm 10 sqm
Others 30 1.0 25.70 sqm 771 sqm
Trading / Retail 28 1.0 27.54 sqm 771 sqm
Training / Wokshop / Seminar - 1.5 - 1542 sqm
TOTAL: 5,077 sqm

Occupant Loads for Residential

Total No. of Affected Household

Formal Settler Families/Household -21
Informal Settler Families/Household-176

household 1-2 2-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 10< NR Total Ave.

52 77 51 13 3 2 0 197 4
Total= 197 Households

Household Size
Source JICA(Japan International Cooperation Agency)
116
Exits (Fire Code)

A. Fire Escape Stairs 1. General a. Fire escape stairs (not those under Section 10.2.5.4
and 10.2.5.5 of this IRR) may be used in required means of egress only in existing
buildings, subject to the applicable provisions of Divisions 8 through 17 of this
Chapter. Fire escape stairs shall not constitute more than (50%) percent of the
required exit capacity in any case. Fire escape stairs shall not be accepted as
constituting any part of the required means of egress for new buildings. b. Fire escape
shall provide a continuous unobstructed safe path of travel to the ground or other safe
area of refuge to which they lead. Where the fire escape is not continuous, as in cases
where stairs lead to an adjoining roof, which must be clearly indicated, and suitable
walkways with handrails shall be provided where necessary. Where a single means of
egress consists of a combination of inside stairs and fire escape stairs, each shall
comply with the applicable provision of this Chapter, and the two shall be so arranged
and connected as to provide a continuous safe path of travel.
Capacity of Exits 1. The capacity of means of egress shall be in accordance with
Section 10.2.5.2 paragraph C or shall be in accordance with succeeding paragraph for
means of egress serving theater-type seating or similar seating arranged in rows. 2.
Minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress serving theater-type seating,
or similar seating arranged in rows, shall be in accordance with Table 11 below.

EXIT DETAILS

A. Capacity of Exits

1. The capacity of means of egress shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2

paragraph C or shall be in accordance with succeeding paragraph for means of egress
serving theater-type seating or similar seating arranged in rows.
2. Minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress serving theater-type
seating, or similar seating arranged in rows, shall be in accordance with Table 11
below.

117
3. The minimum clear widths shown in Table 11 shall be modified in accordance with
all of the following:
a. If risers exceed one hundred seventy-eight millimeters (178 mm) in
height, multiply the stair width in Table 8 by factor A, where
A = 1 + (RISER HEIGHT – 178/125)
b. Stairs without a handrail located within a seven hundred sixty millimeters (760
mm) horizontal distance shall be 25 percent wider than otherwise calculated, that is,
multiply by factor B = 1.25.
c. Ramps steeper than 1 in 10 slopes where used in ascent shall have their widths
increased by 10 percent, that is, multiply by factor C = 1.10. B

B. Minimum Number of Exit

The number of exits shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 para “G” of this IRR

C. Location of Exits

1. Main Exit
Every assembly occupancy shall be provided with a main exit. The main exit shall be
of sufficient width to accommodate one-half (1/2) of the total occupant load, but shall
be not less than the total required width of all aisles, exit passageways and stairways
leading thereto, and shall connect to a stairway or ramp leading to a street.

2. Other Exits

Each level of an assembly occupancy shall have access to the main exit and an
addition shall be provided with exits of sufficient width to accommodate two-thirds
(2/3) of the total occupant load served by that level. Such exits shall open directly to a
street or into an exit court, enclosed stairway, outside stairway, or exit passageway

118
leading to a street. Such exits shall be located as far apart and as far from the main
exits as practicable. Such exits shall be accessible from a cross aisle or a side aisle

D. Minimum Corridor Width

The width of any exit access corridor serving 50 or more persons shall not be less than
one hundred twelve centimeters (112 cm).

E. Travel Distance to Exits

Exits shall be so arranged that the total length of travel from any point to reach an exit
will not exceed forty-six (46) meters in any place of assembly for spaces not protected
by approved, supervised sprinkler system and sixty-one (61) meters in areas so
protected.

6. Justification of Space

ITEM SPACE DEFINITION

I Dwelling Unit

Parking Slot A parking space is a location that is

designated for parking, either paved or
unpaved. ... The space may be delineated
by road surface markings. The
automobile fits inside the space, either by
parallel parking, perpendicular parking or
angled parking.
Porch a covered shelter projecting in front of
the entrance of a building
Living The room intended for general family use

Dining The space where the occupants eat

Together
kitchen a room or area where food is prepared
and cooked.
Sleeping Area Place where people sleep

119
 Service Area/Laundry Its main purpose is for laundering and
drying of Clothes
Mezzanine floor A mezzanine floor is an
intermediate floor between main floors of
a building, and therefore typically not
counted among the overall floors of a
building. Often, a mezzanine is low-
ceilinged and projects in the form of a
balcony
Toilet & Bath It’s a room provided with a toilet and
shower area for personal hygiene
Activities
Extension An extension is a new room or building
which is added to an existing building or
group of buildings. ... An extension is an
extra period of time for which something
lasts or is valid, usually as a result of
official permission.
II Open Space
Park It is a public space land in neighborhood
that can be used for exercise and
Activities
Playgrounds Outdoor area where Children can play
and are usually provided with equipment
such as swing and slides
Bike lane A lane used b cyclists

III Community
Facilities
Health Center a building or establishment housing local
medical services
Daycare Center also called day nursery, nursery school,
or crèche (French: “crib”), institution that
provides supervision and care of infants
and young children during the daytime,
particularly so that their parents can hold
jobs.
Multi Purpose Center
IV Communal Space
Workspace space in which to work
Common Room Place where They can meet and Share
thing
Common Service area A place where they can meet and help
each other in service like cooking
,laundry etc.
V Commercial Stall
Small Retail is the process of selling consumer goods
or services to customers through multiple
120
 channels of distribution to earn a profi
stall A place where they can sell their Product
VI Transportation
Parking

Small terminal for

Sitoda

121
Justification of Space

Dwelling Units (197)

Area Area Per No. Of Users Total Floor
Person Area
Living - -
Dining -
Kitchen - -
bedroom - -
Toilet & Bath - -
Carport - -
Service Area - -
Future - -
Extension Room
Total 771 18,912sqm
Community
Facility
Health Center
Vestibule - -
Lobby - -
Waiting Room - -
Pharmacy/Stor - -
age
Consultation - -
room
Examination - -
Room
Restroom - -
Lounge - -
Electrical - -
Room
Mechanical - -
Room
Total 96sqm
Basketball Court

Daycare Center
Classroom - -
-Music area
-Art area
-Large Motor
Area
Discover Area

Restroom - -
122
 Kitchen - -
Storage - -
Total 145Sqm
Chapel
Narthex - -
Nave - -
Chancel - -
-Choir
-Altar
Toilet - -
-Men
-Women
Office - -
Storage - -
Total 1480sqm
Material Recovery Facility
-Receiving
/Tipping Area
-Sorting
Processing Area
-Storage Area
for Recyclables
-Equipment
Area 50sqm
-Residual
Storage Area
-Loading Area
for Processed
Recyclable
-Electrical
Room
-Utility Room

Transportation
Tricycle
(Sitoda) terminal
Jeepney Drop
off
Total 100sqm

Administration Office
Vestibule - -
Lounge - -
Office - -
Kitchen - -
Dining - -
123
 Comfort Room - -
Service Area - -
Total 250sqm
Multipurpose Hall
Function - -
Room
Service Area - -
Kitchen - -
Comfort Room - -
-men
-Women
Total 925sqm
Livelihood Facility and Communal Space
Training Center
Training room
WorkShop
Area
Seminar/Study
Room
Comfort Room
-Men
-Women
Total 385.5sqm
Exhibition Area
Room
Total 385.5sqm

Common Room
Watch Room
Common
Dining Room
Total 385.5sqm
Common Service Area
Common
Kitchen Room
Common
Laundry Area
Total 385.5sqm
Commercial
Trading and
Retail
Stall
Total 3720.91sqm

124
7. Interrelationship Diagram

125
8. Environmental Impact Statements (brief statements)
i. Category C. Projects intended to directly enhance environmental
quality or address existing environmental problems not falling under
Category A or B.
ii. Project’s Impact and Risks to the Environment
• Environmental risks like Cutting of Existing trees on the site and other
life resources.
• Project impact will help Angeles Pampanga to reduce sprawl of
informal Settler living in risk environment and give them a decent life.
iii. Benefits vs Negative
• Benefits
o Infinite access to any roads especially inside the subdivision.
o Wide space even the perimeter.
o The other side of the site is a village of town houses.
o Highly spots of people in the area.
o Connected to the main roads of the area.
o Near the busy roads of Angeles.
o Near the Tricycle station and loading/unloading of Buses/Jeepneys.
o Definite Access to any business especially food stops or
convenience stores.
• Negatives
o Too far from the town’s public market, city hall and other basic
accommodations of Angeles City (need to ride a jeep to go on the
main city of Angeles.)
o No drainage/clean sewers on the main site (only a dirty riverside)
o No designated pedestrian lanes.
o Usually a spot of mild traffic flow.
o Slow pace in terms of small business (ex. Karinderia, Sari-sari
Store, street foods or other small businesses)
o No designated waiting sheds/stopover/s for loading/unloading
buses and jeepneys
o The site only has a nearby tricycle terminal
o Society impact of noise pollution
126
9. Financial Feasibility

Estimated Project Cost

Lot Acquisition
Area Sqm.

Lot Area 89,750 sqm

Lot Ownership Ana Geraldine R. Guiao
Salustiano R Guiao
Unit Cost 534, 653 Php
ZoningValue 13,462,500

Land Development Cost

Area Total Lot Gross Floor Cost/sqm Total
Area Area (Php.) Cost(Php)
Major R.R.O.W 10m - 450sqm 1500 675,000
Pathway 3.0m - - -
Minor road 6.5m - 11,180sqm 150016,770,000
Motor Court 6.0m
Alley 2.0m
Landscape, Playground 6% of 5385 sqm. 1,000.00 5,385000
Park TLA
25% Of TLA allotted For Road (Time saver Building Types)
Major, minor roads and motor court for economic and socialized
housing projects shall be paved with asphalt with minimum thickness of 50
millimeters or concrete with minimum thickness of 150 millimeters and a
minimum compressive strength of 20.7 Mpa at 28 days.

Dwelling Unit (R4)

Area Standard/Minimum GFA Cost Total Cost
(php) (Php)
Dining
Kitchen
Bedroom
Toilet & Bath
Carport
Laundry/Service
area
Housing Unit 40 sqm 30 sqm - 392,000.00
Land Cost (40 - - - 53,333.00
sqm)
Land Dev’t - - - 89,320.00
Total 197 units 7880 sqm 5910 sqm 534,653.00 105,326,641.00

127
Total Number of Unit - TNU

TNU = 50% of Open Space / Area per Unit

TNU = 44,878 sqm / 40 sqm
TNU = 1121 UNITS

Community Facility
Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Health Center 510sqm 96sqm 15,000.00 3,800,000.00
Covered 650sqm 420sqm 10,000.00 4,200,000.00
Basketball
Court
Daycare 375sqm 145sqm 15,000.00 3,700,000.00
Center
Chapel 2000sqm 1480 sqm 15,000.00 22,200,000.00

Material - 50 sqm 14,000.00 700,000.00

recover
Facility
-Tricycle - 100sqm 2000.00 200,000.00
Terminal
-Jenney Drop 2qq 2,000.00
Off Area
Admin Office - 250sqm 20,000.00 5,000,000.00
Multi- - 925sqm 5,000.00 4,625000.00
Purpose hall
Total 44,425,000.00
Source: https://philconprices.com/
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/number-persons-buildings-d_118.html

Livelihood Facility and Communal Space

Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Training - 385.5sqm 10,000.00
Center
Exhibition - 385.5 sqm 10,000.00
Area
Common - - -
Room
Common - - -
Service Area
Total 771 sqm 10,000.00 7,710,000.00

128
Commercial Stalls
Area Total lot Area Gross Floor Cost/Sqm Total Cost
Area (Php) (Php)
Trading And - - - -
Retail
Stall - - - -

Total 3720.91sqm 10000.00 37,209,100.00

Equipment and Furniture

Dwelling Units
Equipment/Furniture No. of Price/ite Total
/Fixture Item m Price(Php)
(RoughEstimate) (Php)
Dwelling -Lavatory 197 1500.00 295,500.00
Units(197) -Water Closet 197 1,290.00 254,130.00
-sink 197 600.00 118,200.00
Community Facilities
Health -Office table 5 2,750 13,750
Center -Office chair 5 1,500 7500
-Cabinet 3 6,500 19,500
-sofa 3
Covered -basketball Stand with 2 1,100 2,200
Basketball Ring
Court
Daycare -Cabinet 3 1,500 4,500
Center -Table 8 5,499 43,992
-Chairs 31 346 10,726
Toilet,Sink, Basin 2 2000 4,000

Chapel -Table 2 1500 3,000

-Chair 128 300 38,400
Material -Metal Trash bin 3 550 1,650
recover
Facility
-Tricycle Concrete Chair 1 1500 1500
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin -Table 10 2,750 27,500
Office -Chair 10 1,500 15,000
-Cabinet 3 1,500 4,500
-Sofa 3 6,500 19,500
Livelihood and Communal
Training -Table 27 1,649 4,947
Center -Chair 109 400 43,600
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Exhibition -Table 27 1,649 44,523
Area -Shelves 25 6,000 150,000
Common -Table 27 1,649 44,523
Room -Chair 109 400 43,600
Common -Table 109 1,649 44,523
Service -Chair 109 400 43,600
Area
Commercial Stall
Trading and -Table 12 1,649 19,788
Retail
Small Scale -Table 12 1,649 19,788
Industry
Total 1,343,976

Capital Breakdown Investment

Capital Investment Cost

Land Development Cost 22,830,000.00

Lot Acquisition 13,462,500.00

Dwelling Unit Town houses (R4) 105,326,641.00

Community Facility 44,425,000.00

Livelihood Facility and Communal 7,771,000.00

Space

Commercial Stalls 37,209,100.00

Equipment and Furniture 1,343,976.00

Total 232,368,037.00 Php

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Operational Cost

Electric Consumption
Dwelling Units
Areas Average No. Ave. Total Usage/ KWH/
Watts Of No. of Month month
Consumption Occupants Hours
/Person Per No. of Total
day Days Wh
/month Moth

Dwelling 40Watts 771 12 31 11,472,480 11,472.48

Units(197)

Community Facilities

Health 40Watts 5 12 31 74,400 74.40

Center
Covered 40Watts 46 5 31 285,200 286.20
Basketball
Court
Daycare 40Watts 30 below 12 20 288,000 288.00
Center
Chapel 40Watts 771 12 4 1,480,320 1,480.32
Material 40Watts 5 5 4 4,000 4.00
recover
Facility
-Tricycle 40Watts 10-15 5 31 93,000 93.00
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin 40Watts 5-10 12 20 96,000 96.00
Office
Livelihood and Communal

Training 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40

Center
Exhibition 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Area
Common 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Room
Common 40Watts 109 12 20 1,046,400 1,046.40
Service
Area
Commercial Stall

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 Trading 40Watts 51 12 20 489,600 489.60
and Retail
Small 40Watts 51 12 20 489,600 489.60
Scale
Industry
Total 18,959.2
Multiply Cost at 8.34 pesos
Total Electricity Cost 158,119.728

Source: Electricity Cost in Angeles City Pampanga per KWH 8.34 Pesos
Previous Thesis (Tarlac State University college Of Architecture)
Water Consumption

Dwelling Units
Water Usage No. Of Average Average Bill Total Usage
(Gal.)/Person Occupants No. Of Consumption Consumption
Days a Month / of Gallons/
used Per Cum. Month
month
Dwelling 39.6 771 30 Minimum 915,948.00
Units(197) charge
220.00Pesos
The Average Daily Demand (ADD) for both open market and medium
cost housing projects is 150 liters per capita per day (LCPD) household
connection. (Per Board Resolution No. 506, series of 1992.

Community Facilities
Health 21.6 5 31 385.00 pesos 3,348
Center
Covered 9.3 46 31 13,261.8
Basketball
Court
Daycare 30 30 below 20 18,000
Center
Chapel 9.3 771 4 28,681.2
Material 30.6 5 4 612
recover
Facility
-Tricycle 2 10-15 31 930
Terminal
-Jenney
Drop Off
Area
Admin 21.5 5-10 20 4,300
Office
Livelihood and Communal

Training 18.4 109 20 40,112

Center

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 Exhibition 18.4 109 20 40,112
Area
Common 18.4 109 20 40,112
Room
Common 12.3 109 20 26,814
Service Area
Commercial Stall
Trading and 9.5 51 20 9,690
Retail
Stall 9.5 51 20 9,690
Total 1,151,611 or 4359.32 Cubic Meter
Total Water Cost 91,850.8724
Note: Residential: 21.07 Pesos Per Cub.m
Commercial: 58.57 pesos Per Cub. m
Source: Angeles City Pampanga Water District
For Gal/Person: Previous Thesis (Tarlac State University college Of Architecture)

Maintenance Cost (Electricity Computation)

Dwelling Unit

Dwelling Unit Daily bill (Php) Monthly bill(Php) Annual bill(Php)

Lighting Load 2.09 62.63 751.56

Power load 26.69 800.84 9610.06

Total 28.78 863.47 10,361.64

Source: Visayan Electric Company

Return of Investment.

Dwelling Unit Cost

Cost per Unit= 533,000.00 Php.
Average family Income (AFI) = 10,000.00 Php.
Monthly Amortization = up to 2,445 But not less than 2,000
Consider 2,000 or 20% of Average Family Income.(AFI)
Type Of Housing Cost (Php) Term (years) Interest
Socialized 533,000.00 30 4.5%
Housing
Source: SHDA HUDCC

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ROI
Rental Spaces (Com-1)
Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) : 5,077 sqm
Saleable: 75% = 3,807.75 sqm
Rentable Spaces = 3,807.75 X 600 Php/sqm./month
= 2,284,650 X 7 (Years)
= 15,992,550 Php

Dwelling Unit
Interest = unit Cost (4.5%)
= 534,653 (4.5%)
= 23,985 Php/ Unit
Profit (Total) = interest per Unit (197 Units)
= 23,985 (197)
= 4,725,045 Php

ROI
Return of Investment = 30 years base on PAG-IBIG amortization term.
Where interest will be doubled for every 5 years
For instance:
Monthly Amortization = 600 Php for first 5 years (Duterte Administration)
Monthly Amortization = 1200 Php for the next 10 years
Monthly Amortization = 2400 Php for 15-30 years
Source: National Housing Authority

For Additional Source of Income:

Mango Trees / 1 hectare = 100,000 Php/ Season
Open Space = 30% (26,926.8)
Mango trees income = 2.693Hectare X 100,000 Php
= 269,300 Php/Season
Source: Business Inquiry.net

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 Chapter V

Conclusion

Based on our study and gathered data, we now therefore conclude that

the design for urban resettlement should be simple yet capable of providing the very

needs of every family, and at the same time it does not compromise their way of

living. Survey shows that they do not need more extravagant house, if they are

together with their family. What they want is a space for communal; an additional

income to support their daily needs. And open space for them to bond with each other.

Thus, a horizontal type of development is ideal to address the solution, providing

them communal spaces, dwelling units and communal spaces.

Design Philosopy

“Bringing the community in to the process”

Ar. Arravena

“We are future Architects we design building not to impress but building to express
people.”
By Vergara Johnree V.

Design Objectives

 To design a community that would improve people way of life by

assessing both social needs and human desires.
 To design a new typology of low-cost housing for community
 To design a Sustainable Community.

Design Consideration

1. Low Cost and Quality

2. Flexible design For Future Demand / Expansion

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 3. Innovative typology of Housing design

4. Materials to be use

5. Resilient

6. Sustainability

7. Culture

Design Concept Strategies and Solution

1. Passive Sustainable design Strategy.

Considering:
 Sun Orientation
 Climate
 Window placement
 Daylighting and natural ventilation
 Reducing energy consumption

2. Green Building Materials and Finishes Strategy.

 Adopt Innovative building technologies For increase building Efficiency

(AITECH)

3. Native Landscaping Strategy.
- This strategy will help or can be used as a part of a passive energy strategy.
Also used as buffer for noise and heat coming from the sun.
Using:

 Trees, plants grasses that are native to area/site

4. Storm water Management Strategy.

 Reduced the negative environmental impact of buildings

Design Concept

SEMI-HOUSING Incorporating Third-Space in Architecture

153
Self-Constructed
- While building the basic home requires technical construction skills, the
additions may be built through self-construction.
- Build/renovate the upper level first while families are living in the ground
floor and then rebuild the ground floor while people are in the upper level.
By doing this, the costs of temporary relocation are eliminated.

Environmentally Sensitive
- Construct environmentally sensitive housing development using passive
solar energy and other technological innovations.
- Take advantage of the good characteristics of the site to build housing
units.

Mixed – Income Housing

- Provide not only residential, but also working spaces so that home-based
work activities can be carried out. This can be done by providing open
spaces.
- Provide technical training to participants in the self-construction process.
People can be trained, for example, as carpenters, electricians, joiners, etc.
so that stable employment opportunities are available after construction is
complete.

Third Places
- Third places is a term coined by sociologist Ray Oldenburg and
refers to places where people spend time between home (‘first’
place) and work (‘second’ place). They are locations where we
exchange ideas, have a good time, and build relationships.
- The most effective ones for building real community seem to be
physical places where people can easily and routinely connect

154
with each other: churches, parks, recreation centers, hairdressers,
gyms and even fast-food restaurants.

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 Chapter VI

Recommendation

Issues regarding sprawl of informal settlement in the Philippines has become a

Phenomenon Associated with big cities and expanding centers, The Housing and
Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) reported. From The early 1970s
to more recent years estimates of the number of informal settlers in the country has
varies , ranging from as low as 470,000 families to as high 2.5 million families.
The housing backlog of the country has tremendously increased. In addition,
the demand for housing units build by the LGU or private sector is not equal to the
supply. Mass housing should be for all but many Filipinos Particularly those
belonging to lower-middle income families, still feel left out of the equation.
Some of the Existing Housing Units in our country for informal settlers or
family with low to medium income are mostly same problem with others like place;
housing units should build near the School, market, and plaza and near to their Source
of Income so they can work and provide their needs.
This book follows Architectural Design Process and standard of the BP220 and
PD957 and other laws that are connected to the Project to answer the various Question
for the design of the new typology for socialized housing, theories and Related
Studies were used for the design process.

Recommendation

 The building should properly oriented to avoid east and west exposure
 Considering Passive and Sustainable design are highly recommended.
 Flexible design For Future Demand / Expansion for socialized Housing
 Community need to engage in the design process
 The Building should Follow all Standard and laws.
 Materials to be used are properly selected and identified.

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 Chapter VII

Working Bibliographies

1. Pateña, 2019
o DOTr to start building 6 stations under PNR Clark Phase 1 Project
o https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070117
2. Orejas, 2019
Construction of PNR Clark Phase 1 to start
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1120769/construction-of-pnr-clark-phase-1-
to-start-monday
3. DOTr, 2019
o PNR Clark Phase 1
o http://www.dotr.gov.ph/55-dotrnews
4. DOTr, 2019
o PNR Clark Phase 2
o https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1019521
5. Manuel, 2019
o Rapid Clark train all set
o tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/02/16/rapid-clark-train-all-set/
6. Pateña, 2019
o Government to launch PNR Clark Phase 1
o https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1061908
7. teoalida, 2015
o Housing in the Philippines
o https://www.teoalida.com/world/philippines/
8. Gov.ph
o Housing
o http://industry.gov.ph/industry/housing/
9. Ordinario, 2019
o The mass housing mess: Why Filipinos continue to struggle with owning a
home
o https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/01/31/the-mass-housing-mess-why-
filipinos-continue-to-struggle-with-owning-a-home/
10. Hontiveros, 2019
o Gov’t should also ‘build, build, build’ for informal settlers
o https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/07/09/1933330/hontiveros-govt-
should-also-build-build-build-informal-settlers
11. Mawis, 2019
o Dealing with informal settlements
o https://business.inquirer.net/268622/dealing-with-informal-settlements
12. R.A. 10752,
o Section 14. Relocation Of Informal Settlers
https://www.coa.gov.ph/phocadownload/userupload/ABC-
Help/IRR_RA10752/sec14.htm
13. Kabiling, 2019
o Duterte to ‘burn down’ establishments, relocate illegat settlers to save Manila
Bay
o https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/07/22/duterte-to-burn-down-erring-
establishments-relocate-illegal-settlers-to-save-manila-bay/

157
14. ConceptCentral, 2017
o DOTr clarifies number to track settlers affected by railway project
o http://conceptnewscentral.com/index.php/2017/11/14/dotr-clarifies-
number-track-settlers-affected-railway-project/
15. DOTr, 2018
o Resettlement Action Plan Malolos-Clark Railway Project

158
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