Skeletal

System
Sekolah Cikal - Biology 11
 Do you know why the
runners and people who do
weight lifting have
difference body, even
though both of them are
doing sport?
Tendon and Muscle is the
same thing, do you agree
with this statement?
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 Human Skeletal 02 Skeletal System

To The Bone The Classification

03 (Structure)
04 of Bones

05 The Joint
Human
Skeletal
Try to mention the
name of the bone
that built our
skeletal System as
much as you
remember
 Functions of the Skeleton
PROTECTION
MOVEMENT
The skeleton protects the
Assistance in Movement
most important internal
When muscles contract, they
organs from injury.
pull on bones to produce
movement.
STORAGE (MINERAL
HOMEOSTASIS)
The bones act as reservoirs
storing vital minerals such as BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
calcium and phosphorus. Red blood cells are made in the ribs
and limb bones.
SHAPE / SUPPORT
The skeleton serves as the structural
framework for the body giving us
shape.
In addition to supporting organs and
muscles.
 Shape
● Your skeleton affects your body shape and size.
● Bones play an important part in determining your
height and build.
● People with long, light bones are usually tall and thin,
whilst people with short, thick bones are likely to be
short and more heavily built.
● Your skeleton and bone size can affect your
performance in different sports.
● For example, weightlifting favours individuals with
strong, heavy bones. Long distance running favours
tall, light bones
 Support
● The skeleton acts as a framework. It gives
the body support, enabling us to stand
and walk upright.
● The bones of the back and chest support
internal organs and help to keep them in
place.
● The bones of the body are held together
by ligaments.
● The skeleton provides a framework for
the muscles, which are attached to bones
by tendons.
 Movement
● Bones work with muscles MUSCLE
to produce movement.
● Muscles are attached to
bones by tendons. TENDON
● Bones have surfaces PERIOSTEUM
that allow for strong
attachment.
● Tendons fuse with the BONE
tough Periosteum
membrane on the
outside of the bone.
 Protection CRANIUM
● Some of our body parts, such as the brain, are
very delicate and need protection from external
forces.
● Bones can protect body parts from impacts and
injuries.
● The cranium protects the brain.
It encloses the brain entirely in a shell of bone.
● The rib cage protects the delicate organs of the
chest.

Can you think of two reasons why the rib cage has gaps in it
rather than being a solid shell of bone?
 Blood Cell Production
RED MARROW
EMBEDDED IN
● Red and white blood cells and platelets SPONGY BONE
are made in the bones.
● The ends of long bones and some other
bones including the ribs, humerus, femur
and even vertebrae bones, contain red
bone marrow. This is where the blood
cells are produced. YELLOW BONE
● The shaft of long bones is filled with MARROW IN THE
SHAFT
yellow bone marrow which does not
produce blood cells.
Skeletal
System
HOW?
 The Skeleton
• The skeleton forms the framework
of the body
• Comprised of 206 bones grouped
into two main parts
•
1. The axial skeleton
2. The appendicular skeleton
 The Axial Skeleton
• Forms the main core of the skeletal
system and is more rigid than the
appendicular skeleton.
• Comprising of:
–Vertebral column (spine)
–Cranium (skull)
–Thoracic (rib cage)
–Sternum (breast bone)
Cranial
Cranial
The Axial Skeleton
 The Appendicular Skeleton
Comprises of the shoulder girdle & the pelvic
girdle
– Clavicle (collar bone)
– Scapula (shoulder blade)
– Arms
– Pelvic bone
– Legs
Let’s find out the human skeletal!

https://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html
 Arm
Ulna is slightly longer
than radius
Hand
 To the
BONES
Bone
Structure
The
Classification
Bone classification can be Identified by

Shape

Internal Tissue

Bone marking
1. Long Bones:

much longer than they

are wide
examples:
- bones in your arms
(humerus, radius, ulna)
and legs (femur, tibia,
fibula)
2. Short Bones:

rough and cube

shaped

examples:
- bones in your wrists
(carpals) and ankles
(tarsals)
3. Flat bones:
flat and usually a bit
curved
examples:
- skull and scapula
4. Irregular Bones:

unusually shaped
don’t fit into the other 3
groups

examples:
- vertebrae
(butterfly-shaped)
- sacrum & coccyx
Joints
What do you know
about joints?
 A joint is a place where two or more bones

JOINTS connect. The manner in which they connect

determines the type of movement allowed at
that joint.

A synarthrosis is a joint
that allows no
movement. An example
would be a cranial
suture.
 JOINTS
Amphiarthrosis is a joint
that allows slight
movement. An example
would be a vertebra.
 JOINTS
A diarthrosis is a joint that
allows free movement in a
variety of directions, such
as knee, hip, elbow, wrist,
and foot.
Diarthrosis
Let’s do a research!

https://docs.google.com/presentati
on/d/1Yez70HFhXqzmNiVU_VgulEvW
tCuJwLC4l3PFTjvr58c/edit?usp=sha
ring
Pivot Joint
Allows rotation one
direction
One bone rotates on
one axis
Example: Head of
radius rotating
above ulna
Hinge Joint
Allows movement in
only one direction
Interphalangeal
joint, joint between
humerus and ulna
Saddle Joint
Allows movement in
all direction except
rotation.

Example:
Carpo-metacarpal
joint of thumb
Plane Joint
Allows movement in one
plane only (transverse or
frontal plane)
Example: carpal and tarsal
bones, between the
articular processes of the
vertebrae
Thank you