LESSON 3 & 4 NSTP
are capable of making or shaping
Man- General term refers to entire human
race
Human Being- Man as species, modern
human being
Person - Human being granted recognition
of certain rights, protection, responsibilities
and dignity.
TRAITS THAT DEFINE A HUMAN
PERSON
1. Self Awareness - Refers to the
person having a clear perception of
oneself including his/her thoughts,
emotion, identity and actions.
2. Self Determination – Capability of
person to make decisions based on
their own preference, monitor and
regulate their actions, be goal
oriented and self directed.
3. Externality- Capabilit of a person
to reach out and interact with others.
4. Dignity – The innate right to be
valued and respected
“If you believed that you and all
other human beings are persons
with dignity then you must uphold
human dignity in your thoughts and
actions”
HUMAN NATURE
▪ Characteristics that distinguished
humans fro all other creatures.
PHILOSOPHIES
Karl Marx- suggested that “human
their own nature to some extent”
FREUD
ID -Instincts
EGO – Reality
SUPEREGO – Morality
HUMAN NATURE – GENETIC
▪ This includes behavioral qualities.
The human mind and the human
nature are shaped by genes
BIRTH ORDER
▪ Mani psychologists speculate that
birth order of siblings affect their
individual responsibilities and
intelligences.
▪ The believe that firstborns are
usually smarter so that they will be
able to teach their younger siblings
(tutor effect)
WHAT IS BEHAVIOR?
▪ CONDUCT
▪ Behaviour is anything that a person
does.
▪ In psychology, behaviour is regarded
as any observable activity by human
being.
▪ BEHAVIOUR – is the manner in
which a person behaves, whether
they can conform to the accepted
social standards or not.
▪ Most human behaviour results from
a combination of factors such as
culture, attitudes, emotion, values,
 ethics, authority, rapports, 2. Early Chilhood Experiences
persuasion, coercion, and genetics 3. Social Norms – shape our behaviour
and attitudes. Early individual
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN
manipulate his/her behaviour to best
BEHAVIOUR
fit in with others.
▪ Almost all human behaviour is
learned
▪ All behaviours occurs for a
reason
▪ Behaviours continue to occur
because they are effective
NORMAL BEHAVIOUR
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
▪ Word “NORMAL” derived from the
latin word norma means rule. ▪ Is defined as behaviour that is
▪ When an individual is able to disturbing, distressing, maladaptive
function adequately and perform and often the result of distorted
daily living activities efficiently and thoughts.
feels satisfies with his lifestyle, he is
said to have normal behaviour.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
NORMAL BEHAVIOUR

▪ A perception of reality
▪ A positive attitude toward one’s own
self, accepting weaknesses and
taking pride in strength. SYMTOPMS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
▪ Adequate in work, play and leisure.
▪ Willing to use problem solving Easily getting Often or always
annoyed or appearing angry.
approaches in life process.
nervous.
▪ Capacity to adapt oneself to current
Always putting the Refusing to follow
situation.
blame on others. rules or questioning
▪ Capacity for with standing anxiety authority.
and stress Arguing and Having difficulty in
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN throwing temper handling frustration.
BEHAVIOUR tantrums.

1. Genetics – Patterns of behaviour are

influenced by inheritance from 4. Core Faith and Social Culture-
parents. shape our religious faith,
 philosophical thinking and emotional CAUSES OF ABNORMAL HUMAN
wellbeing( e.g Emotions such as BEHAVIOUR
shame and guilt connected to moral
living). ▪ Psycho-social Factors
▪ Maternal Deprivation
▪ Faulty Parent-Child Relationship
▪ Overprotection
5. Creativity- Pushes people pass their ▪ Over permissiveness and indulgence
comfort zone. ▪ Faulty Discipline
▪ Unrealistic Demands
6. Attitude – Is an expression of ▪ Poor Communication
favour, likes and dislikes of a person ▪ Undesirable Parental Models
toward aperson, place, thing, or ▪ Pressures of Modern Life
event. The way a person behaves ▪ Fierce Competition
depends a lot on how he looks at the ▪ Educational, Occupational and
situation. Family Demands
▪ Complexity of Modern Living
▪ Socio- Cultural Factors
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS - War and Violence
ASSOCIATED WITH SERIOUS - Racial Discrimination and
BEHAVIOURAL ABNORMALITIES prejudices
- Economic and Employment
1. ANXIETY DISORDERS Problems
▪ Post Traumatic Stress Disorders - Rapid Social Change
(PTSD)
▪ Obsessive Compulsive Disorders WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
(OCD)
▪ Motivation refers to the driving and
▪ Panic Disorder
pulling forces which results in
▪ Phobia persistent behaviour directed towards
2. AFFECTIVE DISORDERS particular goal.
▪ In which person suffers from
abnormally high or low moods for Intrinsic Extrinsic
long periods of time. Motivation Motivation
▪ Major Depressive Disorder
Goals are internal
▪ Mania
feelings of Directed towards
▪ Bipolar Disorder
effectiveness, goal external to
competence and self the person, such
3. PERSONALTY DISORDERS
determination. as money or
▪ Schizoid Personality
grades in school.
▪ Paranoid Personality
Works hard for fun
▪ Anti Social Personality
of it, creatively and
▪ Narcissistic Personality
for satisfaction.
 (e.g self
actualization
motivation)
FAMILY
▪ Is a set of people related blood,
marriage, or adoption who shares the
primary responsibility for
reproduction and caring for members
of the society
▪ The family is universal institution
present in all cultures
TYPES OF FAMILY
● NUCLEAR FAMILY
- Family consists of a married
couple and their unmarried
children living together.
● EXTENDED FAMILY
- Family in which relatives
such as grandparents, aunts,
or uncles live in the same
home as parents and their
children.
TYPES OF MARRIAGE
MONOGAMY – Form of marriage where
one woman and one man are married only to
each other
SERIAL MONOGAMY - Form of
marriage where a person may have several
spouses in his/her lifetime but one spouse at
a time
POLYGAMY - a situation where you are
allowed to have more than one husband or
wife.
▪Polygyny - is when a man marries
more than one woman at the same
time
▪ Polyandry – is when a woman
marries more than one man at the
same.
AUTHORITY PATTERN: WHO
RULES?
PATRIARCHY - males are expected to
dominate in all family decision making
MATRIARCHY- when women have a
greater authority than men.
EGALITARIAN- family a family in which
spouses are regarded as equals.
COURTSHIP AND MATE SLECTION
▪ Endogamy - specifies the groups
within which a spouse must be found
and prohibits marriage with members
of other groups (Choosing a lifetime
partner within the group and from
the other group)
▪ Exogamy - requires mate selection
outside certain groups
Ex.
- Marriage between blacks and
whites have increased more
than six folds in recent
decades.
- Twenty percent of all
married Hispanics have a
non Hispanic spouse.
REASON FOR MARRIAGE
▪ LOVE
▪ ARRANGEMENT
▪ ECONOMIC BENEFIT
▪ SOCIAL CLASS
▪ COMPANIONSHIP