SY

Corporate Office (Delhi): 44-A/1 Kalu Sarai (Sarvapriya Vihar) , New Delhi-16, Ph: 011-45124612, 9958995830
Visit us at: www.madeeasy.in | E-mail us at: info@madeeasy.in

Delhi | Hyderabad | Noida | Bhopal | Jaipur | Lucknow | Indore | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
EA
Lockdown Period
Open Practice Test Series
(Also useful for ESE & Other Exams)
E

ME : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AD

Test No - 3 | Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines

Read the following instructions carefully

1. This question paper contains 33 MCQ’s & NAQ’s. Bifurcation of the questions is given below:
M

2. Choose the closest numerical answer among the choices given.

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Multiple Choice Questions : Q.1 to Q.9 carry 1 mark each

Q.1 The difference between the total head line and the hydraulic grade line represents
(a) velocity head (b) pressure head
(c) elevation head (d) piezoelectric head

1. (a)
⎛ P ⎞
H.G.L. contains ⎜ + z⎟
⎝ ρg ⎠

⎛ P v2 ⎞
T.E.L. contains ⎜ +z+
⎝ ρg 2g ⎠⎟

SY
Q.2 Continuity equation is based on the principle of
(a) Conservation of volume (b) Conservation of energy
(c) Conservation of angular momentum (d) Conservation of mass

2. (d)
Continuity equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass.
EA
Q.3 Stream line, path line and streak line are identical when the
(a) Flow is steady (b) Flow is uniform
(c) Flor is neither steady nor uniform (d) Flow is non-uniform

3. (a)
For steady flow stream line, path line and streak-line are same.

Q.4 The surface tension of water in contact with air at 20°C is 0.0725 N/m. The pressure inside a droplet of
E

water is to be 0.02 N/cm2 greater than the outside pressure. What should be the diameter of water droplet
(in cm)?
(a) 0.145 (b) 1.45
AD

(c) 14.5 (d) 0.0725

4. (a)
Given, σ = 0.0725 N/m
ΔP = 0.02 N/cm2 = 0.02 × 104 N/m2
4σ
Now, ΔP =
d
M

4σ 4 × 0.0725
or, d = = = 0.00145 m
ΔP 0.02 × 104
∴ d = 0.145 cm
Q.5 Which of the following statement is TRUE about metacentric radius?
(a) It is the distance between the metacentre and centre of gravity
(b) It is the distance between the metacentre and centre of bouyancy
(c) It is the distance between the centre of gravity and centre of bouyancy
(d) There is no terms like this for stability of floating bodies

5. (b)
The length BM is called the metacentric radius and it must not be confused with the metacentric height
GM. The term BM represents the metacentric radius. BM is an extremely important term. It is defined as
the vertical distance from the Center of Buoyancy to the Metacenter.

2 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

Q.6 Which of the following device is used to measure the difference of low pressures between two points?
(a) U-tube differential manometer
(b) U-tube manometer
(c) Inverted U-tube differential manometer
(d) Both (a) and (c)

6. (c)
Inverted U-tube manometer uses a light manometer liquid, which is used to measure the difference of low
pressures between two points.

Q.7 Capillary tube viscometers used for measurement of viscosity are based on
(a) Stoke’s law (b) Hagen-Poiseuille
(c) Darcy-Weisbach equation (d) Both (b) and (c)

SY
7. (b)
Capillary tube viscometer

Peizometer
EA
H h2
Small dia. tube
E

128μQL
hL =
πρgD 4
AD

The main disadvantage of the capillary tube viscometer is the errors that arise due to the variation in the
head loss and other parameters. However, the Hagen-Poiseuille formula can be still applied for desigining
that works on the principle of verical gravity flow of a viscous liquid througha capillary tube.

Q.8 The shear stress distribution for a one dimensional viscous flow through pipe is
(a) Parabolic (b) Linear
M

(c) Cubic (d) None of these

8. (b)
−R ⎛ ∂P ⎞
τ = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ ∂x ⎠
τ ∝ R
So, the relation is linear.

3 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Q.9 The velocity distribution in a turbulant boundary layer is given by

1
U ⎛ y⎞7
=⎜ ⎟
U∞ ⎝ δ ⎠
What is the displacement thickness δ* ?
δ
(a) δ (b)
7
7δ δ
(c) (d)
8 8

9. (d)
1
U ⎛y⎞7

SY
Given, = ⎜ ⎟
U∞ ⎝ δ⎠
δ δ 1
⎛ U⎞ 1
δ* = ∫ ⎜⎝1 − U∞ ⎟⎠ dy = δ − 1 ∫ y 7dy
0
δ7 0
7 δ
δ* = δ − δ =
EA
8 8

Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q. 10 to Q. 16 carry 1 mark each

Q.10 The mean velocity of a one dimensional incompressible flow between two fixed parallel plates is 3.33 m/s.
The maximum velocity of the flow is __________m/s.

10. (4.995)(4.98 to 5.00)

3
E

Vmax = Vmean
2
3
∴ Vmax = × 3.33 = 4.995 m/s
AD

Q.11 If the differential head between the throat and inlet of a venturimeter is 19.032 m of water. Assume that 4%
of the differential head is lost between the inlet and throat. The value of Cd for the venturimeter is
___________.

11. (0.9798)(0.979 to 0.981)

Given, Differential head, h = 19.032 m
M

Head lost, hf = 4% of h
4
= × 19.032 = 0.7613 m
100
h − hf 19.032 − 0.7613
∴ Cd = = = 0.9798
h 19.032

4 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

Q.12 A circular plate of 3 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that its greatest and least depth below
the free surface are 4 m and 1.5 m respectively. The position of center of pressure as shown in figure from
the free surface of liquid is ____________ m.

Free surface

1.5 m

C
4m

12. (2.892)(2.86 to 2.92)

SY
Given; d = 3 m; h1 = 1.5 m; h2 = 4 m
h2 − h1 4 − 1.5 θ
So, sin θ = = = 0.833 h1
BC 3
θ = 56.44° h2 θ C

IG sin2 θ
Now, hcp = h +
Ah
d
EA
h = 2 sin θ + h1 = 2.75 m
B

πd 2 πd 4
A = , IG =
4 64
4
πd
× (0.833)2
hcp = 2.75 + 64 = 2.75 + 0.1420 = 2.892 m
πd2
E
× 2.75
4
Q.13 A turbine works under a head of 19 m and has a maximum flow rate of 3 m3/s and a speed of 600 rpm. If
AD

it has to work in another plant under a head of 5 m, the maximum flow rate will be ___________ m3/s.

13. (1.539)(1.50 to 1.58)

H1 = 19 m, Q1 = 3 m3/sec, N1 = 600 rpm, H2 = 5 m
Q1 Q2
=
D13N1 D23N2
M

N2 H2
Q2 = Q1 × = Q1 ×
N1 H1
gH1 gH2
∴ =
D12N12 D22N 22
N2 H2
=
N1 H1

5
Q2 = 3 ×
19
Q2 = 1.539 m3/sec

5 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Q.14 If a fluid jet discharging from a 50 mm diameter orifice has a 40 mm diameter at its vena contracta, then
its coefficient of contraction will be ___________.

14. (0.64)
Area at vena contracta
We know, CC =
Area of orifice
π
× (40)2 2
4 ⎛ 40 ⎞
CC = = ⎜ ⎟ = 0.64
π ⎝ 50 ⎠
× (50)2
4

Q.15 A pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 3500 m is used for transmission of power by water. The head at
inlet of pipe is 500 m. If coefficient of friction, f is 0.006, the velocity of flow in the pipe is _______ m/s, for

SY
maximum transmission of power.

15. (3.417)(3.40 to 3.45)

H = 500 m; D = 0.3 m; L = 3500 m; f = 0.006
H 500
hf = = = 166.7 m
3 3
EA
4fLv 2
⇒ hf =
D × 2g
4 × 0.006 × 3500 × v 2
⇒ 166.7 =
0.3 × 2 × 9.81
⇒ v = 3.417 m/s

Q.16 Two pipes of length 1000 m and 1200 m of diameter 100 mm and 300 mm respectively are connected in
E

series. These pipe are replaced by a single pipe of length 2000 m. The diameter of single pipe is
_____________ mm.
AD

16. (114.77)) (114.00 to 115.00)

(114.77

L L1 L2
+ 5
5 = D5 D2
D 1

2000 1000 1200

⇒ = +
D5 (0.1)5
(0.3 )5
M

⇒ D = 0.11477 m = 114.77 mm

6 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

Multiple Choice Questions : Q.17 to Q.25 carry 2 marks each

Q.17 A U-shaped manometer containing liquid is rotated about the axis A-A with angular velocity of 20 rad/s as
shown in figure. What is the difference in the height of liquid in two columns in (mm)?
A

100 mm

150 mm

SY
A
(a) 120 (b) 153
(c) 171 (d) 192
17. (b)

P1 w 2r12 P2 w 2r22
− + z1 = − + z2
ρg 2g
ρg 2g

z2 – z1 = z =
EA
w2 2 2
(r2 − r1 )
2g
(20)2
z = × (0.12 − 0.052 ) = 0.153 m = 153 mm
2g
Q.18 If for a two dimensional potential, the velocity potential is given by
φ = x (2y – 1)
E

What is the value of stream function ψ at point (4, 5)?

(a) 1 (b) 2
AD

(c) 3 (d) 4

18. (d)
Given, φ = x(2y – 1)
−∂φ
Now, = u
∂x
−∂φ
M

= v
∂y
So, u = –2y + 1
v = –2x
∂ψ ∂ψ
Also, = v and − =u
∂x ∂y
∂ψ
= – 2x
∂x
ψ = – x2 + f(y)
∂ψ
Now, = f ′(y) = –2y + 1
∂y
So, f (y ) = y2 – y
ψ = y2 – x2 – y
At (4, 5) ψ = 52 – 42 – 5 = 4

7 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Q.19 A cylindrical object of diameter 10 cm, height 20 cm and density 8000 kg/m3 is supported by a vertical
spring and is half dipped in water. If the object is slightly depressed and released, what should be the
time period of resulting oscillations? Take spring constant to be 500 N/m.

K = 500 N/m

(a) 0.5 secs (b) 0.7 secs

SY
(c) 0.93 secs (d) 1.25 secs

19. (c)
Given, Diameter (D) = 10 cm; Height (H) = 20 cm; Density (ρ) = 8000 kg/m3 ; Spring constant (k)= 500 N/m
Now, after displacing by distance ‘x’,
πD2 πD2
kx + x × g × ρw + × L × ρ × x = 0
4


x⎜
⎛ πD 2 ⎞
4
⎛
Lρ ⎟ + x ⎜ k +
EA
πD 2 gρw ⎞
⎟ =0
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

πD2gρw
k+
4
∴ ωn = = 6.76 rad/s
πD2
Lρ
4
E

2π 2π
∴ T = ω = 6.76 = 0.93 s
n
AD

Q.20 A copper piece of mass 10 grams and density 9000 kg/m3 is suspended by a vertical spring. The
spring elongates 1 cm over its natural length. A beaker containing water is now placed below the copper
piece so as to immerse the piece completely. What would be the elongation of the spring (in cm)? Take
g = 10 m/s2.
(a) 0.42 (b) 0.63
(c) 0.89 (d) 0.92
M

20. (c)
Given, Initial elongation, x1 = 1 cm
Density of copper, ρ = 9000 kg/m3
Mass of block, m = 10 g = 0.01 kg K

Now, mg = k x1
k = 10 N/m
Now, when the beaker is placed and copper piece is completely immersed,
a buoyant force will act.
Let the new elongation be x2
∴ mg = kx2 + ρwgV
m
V =
ρ

8 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

ρ gm
mg = kx2 + w
ρ
mg ⎛ ρw ⎞ 10 × 10 −3 × 10 ⎛ 1000 ⎞
So, x2 = ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = ⎜⎝ 1 − ⎟ = 0.0089 m = 0.89 cm
k ⎝ ρ⎠ 10 9000 ⎠

Q.21 Consider the following data pertaining to Pelton wheel:

Head at the base of nozzle = 80 m
Diameter of jet = 100 mm
Discharge of nozzle = 0.3 m3/s
What is the power lost in the nozzle ?
(a) 10.71 kW (b) 8.35 kW
(c) 22.37 kW (d) 16.59 kW

SY
21. (d)
Head at the base of the nozzle H = 80 m
Diameter of jet, d = 100 mm = 0.1 m

π 2 π
Area of jet, a = d = (0.1)2 = 0.007854
4 EA4
Discharge, Q = 0.3 m3/s
Q = a × V1
⇒ 0.3 = 0.007854 × V1
⇒ V1 = 38.2 m/s
ρgQH
Power at base of nozzle = kW = 9.81 × 0.3 × 80 = 235.44 kW
1000
1 m V12 1 ρaV13 0.007854 × 38.23
E

Kinetic energy of jet = = = = 218.85 kW

2 1000 2 1000 2
Power at the base of nozzle = Kinetic energy + Power lost
⇒ Power lost = 235.44 – 218.85 = 16.59 kW
AD

Q.22 Tests conducted on a one fifth scale model of a Francis turbine under a head of 1.5 m indicated that it
could develop 5 kW power at 450 rpm. What power will be obtained from the full scale turbine while
working under a head of 30 m?
(a) 11.2 MW (b) 1.12 MW
(c) 22.4 MW (d) 2.24 MW
M

22. (a)
Dm 1
Given: Hm = 1.5 m ; Hp = 30 m; Nm = 450 rpm ; =
Dp 5
Dm Np Hm
=
Dp Nm Hp

1 Np 1.5
⇒ =
5 450 30
⇒ Np = 90 20 = 402 rpm
Now, comparing specific speeds of model and prototype,
Np Pp Nm Pm
⇒ =
H p5/ 4 Hm5/ 4

9 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

402 Pp 450 5
⇒ 5/ 4 =
(30) (1.5)5/4
⇒ Pp = 11208 kW  11.2 MW

Q.23 Water flows steadily from a tank mounted on a cart as shown in figure. After the water jet leaves the nozzle
of the tank, it falls and strikes a vane attached to another cart. Consider the cart’s wheels are frictionless
and the fluid is inviscid. The tension in rope B is (in N)

Nozzle area = 0.01 m2

h1 = 2.5 m
V1

h2 = 5 m

V2

SY
Rope A Rope B
(a) 490 (b) 636
(c) 536 (d) 850

23. (d)

V1 =
EA
2gh1 = 7.0035 m/s, m = ρAV1 = 70.035 kg/s

V2 = 2g (h1 + h2 ) = 12.13 m/s

T1 is tension in rope A,
⇒ T1 = ρAV 12 = 1000 × 0.01 × (7.0035)2 = 490.49 N
Now,  (V2 − V1) = 70.035 (12.13 – 7.0035)
T2 – T1 = m
E

T2 – T1 = 359.03
So, T2 = 849.52 N
AD

Q.24 A turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. Power developed by turbine is 1986.5 kW. If the
efficiency is 90%. The discharge of turbine under a head of 20 m is
(a) 9 m3/s (b) 8.05 m3/s
3
(c) 7.2 m /s (d) 6.4 m3/s

24. (b)
H1 = 25 m; P1 = 1986.5 kW; N1 = 200 rpm; η0 = 0.9
M

P × 1000 1986.5 × 1000

⇒ η0 = =
ρQ1gH1 1000 × Q1 × 9.81× 25
1986.5 × 1000
⇒ Q1 = = 9 m3/s
1000 × 9.81× 25 × 0.9
H2 20
Now, Q2 = Q1 × = 9× = 8.05 m3/s
H1 25

10 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

Q.25 A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm under a head of 120 m. Its diameter at inlet is 120 cm. The angles
made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 20° and 60° respectively with tangential velocity. What
is the hydraulic efficiency of reaction turbine assuming the zero whirl at outlet ?
(a) 47.3% (b) 73.8%
(c) 93.7% (d) 85.9%

25. (d)
Speed of turbine, N = 450 rpm u2
Head, H = 120 m φ
Diameter at inlet, D1 = 120 cm = 1.2 m Vf 2
vr 2
α = 20°
θ = 60°
Vw 2 = 0

SY
πD1N π × 1.2 × 450
u1 = = = 28.27 m/s
60 60
v1
Now, from inlet velocity triangle,
vf1
⇒ Vr 1 sinθ = Vf 1 vr1
α θ
⇒ Vr1 cosθ = Vw1 – u1 u1
Vf 1 Vw1
Now, tanθ = V − u
w1
EA
1

Vw 1 tan α ⎡ Vf 1 ⎤
⇒ tanθ = Vw 1 − u1 ⎢∵ tanα = V ⎥
⎣ w1 ⎦

Vw 1 tan20°
⇒ tanθ = V − 28.27
w1
⇒ Vw1 = 35.79 m/s
E

Vw1u1 35.79 × 28.27

Hydraulic efficiency, ηh =
gH = 9.81× 120 = 0.8595 = 85.95%
AD

Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q. 26 to Q. 33 carry 2 marks each

Q.26 Water at 15°C flows between two large parallel plate at a distance of 1.6 mm apart. The shear stress at the
walls of plate, if the average velocity is 0.2 m/s, is ___________ N/m2.
(The viscosity of water at 15°C is given as 0.01 poise)

26. (0.75)(0.745 to 0.752)

M

Given, t = 1.6 mm = 0.0016 m

u = 0.2 m/s
μ = 0.01 poise = 0.001 Ns/m2
Pressure drop is given by,
12μu L
P1 – P2 =
t2
∂P 12μu 12 × 0.001× 0.2
∴ = =
∂x t2 (0.0016)2
= 937.5 N/m2 per m.
1 ⎛ ∂P ⎞ 1
Shear stress at wall, τ0 = ⎜ ⎟ × t = × 937.5 × 0.0016 = 0.75 N/m2
2 ⎝ ∂x ⎠ 2

11 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Q.27 The pressure drop for a relatively low Reynolds number flow in a 600 mm diameter, 30 m long pipe line is
70 kPa. The wall shear stress is ___________ Pa.

27. (350)
We know,
For viscous flow through pipe,
R ⎛ ∂P ⎞
τ = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ ∂x ⎠
0.3 (70 × 1000)
∴ τ = × = 350 Pa
2 30

Q.28 A sub-marine moves horizontally in sea and has its axis 15 m below the surface of water. A pitot-tube
properly placed just in front of the submarine and along its axis is connected to the two limbs of a U-tube

SY
containing mercury. The difference in the mercury level is found to be 170 mm. The speed of the sub-
marine , knowing that the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 and that of sea water is 1.026 with respect of
fresh water, is _________km/hr.

28. (23.016)(23.00 to 23.02)

Given,
EA
Difference in Hg level, x = 170 mm = 0.17 m
Sp. gr. of Hg, Sg = 13.6
Sp. gr. of sea water, S0 = 1.026
⎡ Sg ⎤ ⎡ 13.6 ⎤
∴ h = x⎢ − 1⎥ = 0.17 ⎢ − 1⎥ = 2.0834 m
⎣ So ⎦ ⎣ 1.026 ⎦

∴ v = 2gh = 6.393 m/s

E

18
v = 6.393 × = 23.016 km/hr
5
AD

Q.29 The velocity along the centreline of a nozzle of length L is given by

2
⎛ x⎞
v = 2t ⎜ 1 − ⎟
⎝ 2L ⎠
where, v = velocity in m/s;
t = time in seconds;
x = distance from inlet of nozzle
M

The total acceleration in m/s2, when t = 3s, x = 0.5 m and L = 1 m, is ___________.

29. (–14.0625)(–14.1 to –13.95)

∂v v ∂v
a = +
∂t ∂x
2
∂v ⎛ x⎞
= 2 ⎜⎝ 1 − ⎟⎠
∂t 2L
∂v ⎛ 0.5 ⎞
2
∴ 2 1−
∂t (t = 3, x = 0.5) = ⎜⎝ ⎟ = 1.125 m/s2
2 × 1⎠
3
v ∂v ⎛ x⎞ ⎛ −1⎞
= (2t ) × 2 ⎜⎝ 1 − ⎟⎠ × ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
2
∂x 2L 2L

12 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna GTOME18

v ∂v ⎛
3
0.5 ⎞ ⎛ −1⎞
(2 × 3)2 × 2 × ⎜ 1 − ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = –15.1875 m/s2
∂x (t = 3, x = 0.5) = ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
∴ Total acceleration = 1.125 – 15.1875
aT = –14.0625 m/s2

Q.30 The outlet at the bottom of a tank is so formed that the velocity of water at a point A as shown in the figure
below is 2.0 times the mean velocity within the outlet pipe (atmospheric pressure = 95.48 kPa(absolute)
and vapour pressure = 4.00 kPa (abolute) and neglect all other losses). The greatest length of pipe L
which may by used without cavitation is ___________ m.

Atmosphere
1

SY
150 cm
A

L=?

EA 2

Atmosphere

30. (1.21)
PA = Vapour pressure = 4.00 kPa(abs)
P1 = P2 = atmospheric pressure = 95.47 kPa(abs)
By applying Bernoulli’s equation to point 1 and A.

P1 v 12 PA v A2
E

+ + z1 = + + zA
ρg 2g ρg 2g
2
⎛ 95.48 ⎞ ⎛ 4.00 ⎞ v A
⎜ 9.81 ⎟ + 0 + 1.5 = ⎜ 9.81 ⎟ 2g + 0
+
AD

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
v A2 95.48 − 4.00
= + 1.5 = 10.825 m
2g 9.81
vA = (2 × 9.81 × 10.825)1/2 = 14.57 m/sec
V 14.57
v2 = A = = 7.28 m/sec
2 2
M

By applying Bernoulli’s equation to point 1 and 2, with datum at point 2.

P1 v 12 P v2
+ + z1 = 2 + 2 + z 2
ρg 2g ρg 2g

95.48 ⎞ (7.28 )
2
+ 0 + (L + 1.50 ) = ⎛⎜
95.48
⎟+ +0
9.81 ⎝ 9.81 ⎠ 2 × 9.81
L = 1.21 m

13 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Indore
Lucknow | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata | Patna
GTOME18

Q.31 The bulk modulus of elasticity of a liquid, if the pressure of the liquid is increased from 70 N/cm2 to
130 N/cm2 and the volume decreases by 0.15 percent, is __________N/mm 2 .
31. (400)
Given; P1 = 70 N/cm2
P2 = 130 N/cm2
∴ dP = 130 – 70 = 60 N/cm2
−dV 0.15
Decrease in volume, =
V 100
dP 60
Bulk modulus, K = = × 100 = 40000 N/cm2
⎛ −dV ⎞ 0.15
⎜⎝ ⎟
V ⎠
K = 400 N/mm2

SY
Q.32 A single jet impulse turbine of 10 MW capacity is to work under a head of 500 m. If the specific speed of
turbine is 10. The overall efficiency is 80% and the coefficient of velocity is 0.98. Assume the speed of
bucket wheel as 0.46 of the velocity of jet. The diameter of bucket wheel is __________ meter.

32. (3.61)(3.55 to 3.65)

Given: N S = 10; H = 500 m; P = 10 MWEA
N P
NS =
H 5/ 4
NS ⋅ H 5/ 4 10 × (500)5/ 4
⇒ N = = = 236.4 rpm
P 10000
Velocity of jet, V = Cv 2gH = 0.98 × 2 × 9.81× 500 = 97.06 m/s
Speed of bucket = 0.46 × V
E

Vb = 0.46 × 97.06 = 44.65 m/s

π DN
Now, Vb =
60
AD

60 × 44.65
⇒ D = = 3.61m
π × 236.4
Q.33 The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 1000 liter/s. The diameter of pipe is suddenly enlarged
from 500 mm to 700 mm. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is __________ m.
33. (0.316)(0.3 to 0.35)
Q = 1000 litre/s = 1 m3/s
M

π 2 π
d1 = × (0.5 )
2
A1 =
4 4
Q 1
v1 = = = 5.09 m/s
A1 π × (0.5 )2
4
π π
× d 22 = × (0.7 )
2
A2 =
4 4
Q 1
⇒ v2 = = = 2.6 m/s
A2 π × 0.7 2
( )
4
(v1 − v 2 )2 (5.09 − 2.6 )2
Head loss = = = 0.316 m
2g 2 × 9.81

14 • FM & Hydraulic Machines (Basic Level) www.madeeasy.in © Copyright : MADE EASY