Problem 8.

163 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Flow out of reservoir by pump

Find: Smallest pipe needed

Solution:
⎛⎜ p V1
2 ⎞ ⎛⎜ p V2
2 ⎞ 2 2 2
1 2 L V2 V2 Le V2
Basic equations ⎜ ρ + α ⋅ 2 + g ⋅ z1 − ⎜ ρ + α ⋅ 2 + g⋅ z2 = h lT h lT = h l + hlm = f ⋅ D ⋅ 2 + Kent ⋅ 2 + f ⋅ D ⋅ 2
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Assumptions: 1) Steady flow 2) Incompressible flow 3) α at 1 and 2 is approximately 1 4) Vl <<

Hence for flow between the free surface (Point 1) and the pump inlet (2) the energy equation becomes

2 2 2 2
p2 V2 p2 V L V V Le V2
− − g ⋅ z2 − =− − g ⋅ z2 − = f⋅ ⋅ + Kent ⋅ + f ⋅ ⋅ and p = ρ⋅ g ⋅ h
ρ 2 ρ 2 D 2 2 D 2

V ⎡ ⎛L Le ⎞ ⎤
2
Solving for h 2 = p 2/ρg h 2 = −z2 − ⋅ ⎢f ⋅ ⎜ + + Kent⎥ (1)
2⋅ g ⎣ ⎝ D D⎠ ⎦
Le
From Table 8.2 Kent = 0.78 for rentrant, and from Table 8.4 two standard elbows lead to = 2 × 30 = 60
D
2
−6 m
We also have e = 0.046 ⋅ mm (Table 8.1) ν = 1.51 × 10 ⋅ (Table A.8)
s
3
L −3m
and we are given Q = 6⋅ Q = 6 × 10 z2 = 3.5⋅ m L = ( 3.5 + 4.5) ⋅ m L = 8 m h 2 = −6 ⋅ m
s s

Equation 1 is tricky because D is unknown, so V is unknown (even though Q is known), L/D and Le/D are unknown, and Re and
hence f are unknown! We COULD set up Excel to solve Eq 1, the Reynolds number, and f, simultaneously by varying D, but here
we try guesses:

4⋅ Q m V⋅ D 5
D = 2.5⋅ cm V = V = 12.2 Re = Re = 2.02 × 10
2 s ν
π⋅ D

⎛ e ⎞
1 ⎜ D 2.51
Given = −2.0⋅ log ⎜ + f = 0.0238
f ⎝ 3.7 Re⋅ f ⎠

V ⎡ ⎛L Le ⎞ ⎤
2
h 2 = −z2 − ⋅ ⎢f ⋅ ⎜ + + Kent⎥ h 2 = −78.45 m but we need -6 m!
2⋅ g ⎣ ⎝ D D⎠ ⎦
 4⋅ Q m V⋅ D 5
D = 5 ⋅ cm V = V = 3.06 Re = Re = 1.01 × 10
2 s ν
π⋅ D
⎛ e ⎞
1 ⎜ D 2.51
Given = −2.0⋅ log ⎜ + f = 0.0219
f ⎝ 3.7 Re⋅ f ⎠

V ⎡ ⎛L Le ⎞ ⎤
2
h 2 = −z2 − ⋅ ⎢f ⋅ ⎜ + + Kent⎥ h 2 = −6.16 m but we need -6 m!
2⋅ g ⎣ ⎝ D D⎠ ⎦
4⋅ Q m V⋅ D 4
D = 5.1⋅ cm V = V = 2.94 Re = Re = 9.92 × 10
2 s ν
π⋅ D
⎛ e ⎞
1 ⎜ D 2.51
Given = −2.0⋅ log ⎜ + f = 0.0219
f ⎝ 3.7 Re⋅ f ⎠

V ⎡ ⎛L Le ⎞ ⎤
2
h 2 = −z2 − ⋅ ⎢f ⋅ ⎜ + + Kent⎥ h 2 = −5.93 m
2⋅ g ⎣ ⎝ D D⎠ ⎦

To within 1%, we can use 5-5.1 cm tubing; this corresponds to standard 2 in pipe.