FRANCIS SAM L.

SANTAÑEZ
Earning Units in English Major
Subject: Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies

MODULE 3
The Nature of Learning Process

ELICIT

W L
K
(What you want to (What you have
(What you know)
know) learned)

Learning is an active
process of discovering
principles, concepts and Theories on Learning
facts

ENGAGE

1. I learned my mother tongue through constant conversation with my

family, relatives and neighbors.
2. Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Bisaya,
3. Constant talking using the native language can make you a conversant
speaker.

EXPLORE

Activity

Learning is gaining knowledge, anywhere, everywhere. It is an enduring

change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion which
results from practice or other forms of experience; to gain knowledge,
comprehension or mastery of through experience or mastery; learning is a
process in which the learner attends to surrounding circumstances and is
changed by exposure to them; Learning is fundamentally about making and
maintaining connections sociologically through neural networks; mentally
among concepts, ideas and meanings; and experimentally through interaction
between the mind and the environment (AAHE, 1998). Therefore, a learner
should do something in order to learn – experience, practice and interaction
with the environment.

The definition of AAHE (1998) is best fit for language learning. Constant
experience, practice and interaction with the environment can make an
individual learn language easily and adapts with it.

EXPLAIN

1. Learning is the act of interacting with and manipulating objects,

interactions, and conversations to construct mental models of the world.
Learners gain knowledge by exploring the world around them, observing
and interacting with phenomena, conversing and engaging with others,
and connecting new ideas to prior knowledge.

It entails enhancing, expanding, and modifying existing knowledge,

where "one's knowledge base serves as a scaffold for the construction of
all future learning."

It takes place in a dynamic social context, and as a result, it should not

be analyzed or viewed solely on an individual basis. Instead, consider
learning as a social practice involving individuals, the objects they use,
the words they say, the cultural context in which they find themselves,
and the acts they take.

2. The behavioral learning theory, also known as behaviorism, is a common

philosophy that focuses on how students learn. This theory believes that
habits are acquired through contact with the world, according to
behaviorism. According to this learning theory, habits are learned from
their environment, and intrinsic or hereditary influences have very little
effect on actions.

3. I will apply this nature of learning process in language teaching by

looking into the ways on how my students will learn or grasp the topic or
lesson.

ELABORATE
 1. Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a learning
philosophy focused on the premise that all behaviors are learned by
conditioning. Interaction with the world is how conditioning takes place.
Our behaviors are influenced by our reactions to environmental stimuli,
according to behaviorists.

Regardless of internal mental states, behavior can be studied in a

systematic and measurable manner. Only measurable actions should be
considered, according to this viewpoint—cognitions, feelings, and moods
are far too subjective.

Strict behaviorists claimed that everyone, regardless of genetic history,

personality characteristics, or internal thoughts, could be taught to
perform any role (within the limits of their physical capabilities). All that
is needed is the proper conditioning.

2. The most significant distinction between behaviorist and cognitive

learning perspectives is that behaviorism focuses on understanding
problems by outward behavior or something that can be witnessed.
Cognitivism is more concerned with cognitive functions such as decision-
making and memory. When a teacher is determining whether or not a
method of teaching is successful, these two viewpoints are critical.

EVALUATE

1. Students can struggle to learn for a variety of reasons, many of which

have little to do with their inherent intelligence. If you are aware of
these variables, you will be able to assess what you can do to assist
your students in progressing in class. Knowing your students as
individuals will aid you in determining which factors can influence
their learning.

Motivation is probably the most significant aspect that affects how

people learn. Someone who is inspired to learn a specific task or piece
of knowledge is more likely to succeed, even though it takes a long
time and a lot of effort. Often consider how the content is important to
your students' lives when teaching a concept, and when people
understand why they are studying, their motivation increases. Provide
students with input on their progress in order to keep them
motivated.

Learning is influenced by intellectual capacity as well. Some people,

for example, have an easier time recalling things than others. Some
 students can comprehend abstract concepts easily, while others need
specific examples. Everyone's intellectual abilities and limitations are
distinct. If you've gotten to know your students, you can use teaching
to help them understand the knowledge you're trying to convey. If
you've gotten to know your students, you can use their strengths to
help them appreciate the knowledge you're trying to convey.

Children and adults have different attention spans. Some people

tend to be on the move and find it difficult to concentrate on a lecture
or assignment for long periods of time. Students with a limited
attention span can struggle to learn because the most common
teaching method requires students to listen and read while sitting
still. You will assist these students by integrating hands-on activities.
Hands-on games, regular short breaks, and splitting large blocks of
knowledge into smaller pieces can all benefit these students. Keep in
mind that students who are going through a difficult time in their
lives may have shorter attention spans.

Even if a student has the highest IQ in the class, he would struggle to

learn if he hasn't been exposed to basic knowledge relevant to the
lesson. Consider what would happen if you were thrown into a
chemistry class without having studied the periodic table. You'd
actually learn nothing. The same can be said for a student who is
asked to solve algebraic equations but has never done so before. The
same can be said for a student who is asked to solve algebraic
equations but does not know his multiplication tables, which is an
all-too-common scenario. Before starting a lesson, enable students'
prior knowledge. Before jumping into the actual lesson, you'll figure
out what knowledge you need to pre-teach.

EXTEND

1. Thew video is all about the Four Main Learning Theories Applications
and Reflections – Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and
Connectivism.

2. Behaviorism is a behavioral psychology originated in 1950s by Classic

Pavlov’s dog. Students learn through practice and re-shaping what they
have learned and positive experiences. Teachers’ role is a series of steps
in programmed instructions with pre-defined end and supervisor role.
The goal is for the teacher to know if the learners are learning as
observed in a change in their behavior because internally learned.
Rewards system is involved in this model. This theory is foundational
and good for primary students.
 Cognitivism also known as cognitivist. It is based on the concepts shared
by Piaget known as the 3 stages of processing, the sensory memory,
working memory and long-term memory. The work of J. Anderson on this
model is the 2 types of memory, the declarative and procedural. This
theory believes that students learn through mental processing (how
information is processed). Students acquire knowledge and process this
into information. The teacher’s role is to attain and maintain learners’
attention and be a model of thinking strategies with the goal of changing
students’ mental behavior. Rehearsals, visuals, repetition,
review/summary, mnemonics and mind mapping tools are some
examples of this model.

Constructivism also known as learner-centered learning by L Vygotsky

who is known for his work in “Zone of Proximal Development”. J Bruner
is also an active constructivist and became known of his work in learning
is an active process. This theory emphasize that students learn through
construction of knowledge by means of socializing and self-lead.
Teacher’s role is to pose leading questions, groups students to learn
through and with each other, and act as facilitator. The goal is to provide
a life-long sticky learning. Examples are group discussion and group
tasks. This is great for elementary students.

Connectivism is also known as digital age learning. This theory believes

that learning is a creative process and students learn through informal
networks and technology-enabled environment. They connect
information, desire to know more and posses the decision-making skills
of what to learn. Teacher’s role is to nurture connections between the
fields, people and organizations and allow students to harness their
ability to do something by learning and actuation. Course work, email,
vlogs, Youtube and forums are good examples for this theory.

3. Both Cognitivism and Constructivism are the best theories appropriate in

learning a language.